Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia. In 2008 the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) wrote that it had no data on cannabis cultivation or wild growth in Turkmenistan, and none on eradication. The United States Department of State's yearly drug-control reports from 2000 to 2010 said that small-scale cannabis cultivation was thought to occur in remote mountain and desert areas. The Criminal Code punishes the sowing or growing of hemp, which its Turkmen text calls kenep, with up to five years in prison, and on an especially large scale with ten years or more. read more →
Portal:Central Asia
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Portal:Central Asia
Introduction
The Tian Shan near Karakol, Issyk-Kul Region, Kyrgyzstan.
This portal covers the five countries filed here under Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
Cannabis grows wild across the south and east of Kazakhstan, above all in the Shu Valley of Jambyl Region, and in the valleys and foothills of the Tian Shan in Kyrgyzstan. In 2008 the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime described Kazakhstan as Central Asia's largest producer of cannabis, the source of 97 per cent of the cannabis sold in the region. Estimates of the wild area run from 62,000 hectares, in a map of the Shu Valley drawn up in 2023, to as much as 400,000 hectares for the valley alone in the UNODC's World Drug Report 2006.
In Bukhara in 1832 Alexander Burnes found hemp grown for the oil of its seed and for bang, and later travellers found nasha or bang smoked in the Kokand Khanate and in the towns of Russian Turkestan. A decree of 27 October 1934 banned the sowing of Indian hemp across the Soviet Union, except in state crops for medical use. Many of the accessions documented here are herbarium sheets from Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, among them a sheet that G. S. Karelin and I. P. Kirilov gathered in 1840.
36 accessions · 49 news items · 4 growing regions · 13 growing areas
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- ...that in a village of Tyup district by Lake Issyk-Kul, in Kyrgyzstan, hashish counted in matchboxes served as money?
- ...that soil from the Early Iron Age settlement of Karakuys, in East Kazakhstan, has yielded 30 hemp seeds, which the excavators read as wild plants with medicinal properties?
- ...that in 1873 the American diplomat Eugene Schuyler found hempseed oil little used in cooking in what is now Uzbekistan, "because it acts on the head in the same way as hashish"?
- ...that a sheet of cannabis that A. Regel gathered near Karakol in 1877 was chosen by John McPartland and Ernest Small in 2020 as the lectotype of the wild-type variety asperrima?
- ...that a 2023 map of the wild cannabis of the Shu Valley, the first in more than 30 years, found 62,000 hectares, against 138,000 in a survey of 1989?
- ...that the national control list of Tajikistan calls the plant bangdona?
- ...that impressions in Bronze Age vessels at Gonur Depe, in Turkmenistan, which the excavator took for hemp, were later identified as broomcorn millet?
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Karelin & Kirilov 1043, gathered in 1840 and issued with a printed label that gives two habitats, meadows by the Irtysh and the sands by Lake Zaysan.
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- Fergana Valley · Moyynkum · Tian Shan (growing region) · Zarafshan Valley
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- Bukhara · Chu Valley · Issyk-Kul · Jalal-Abad · Karategin · Kyzylorda · Naryn · Osh · Samarkand · Sughd · Talas · Turkestan (growing area) · Western Pamir
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Zamon reported, citing the press secretary of the Customs Committee of Uzbekistan, that an empty cargo truck entering Uzbekistan from Afghanistan was searched at the Ayritom border customs post in Surxondaryo at 22:30 on 1 October 2026 after a sniffer dog reacted to it. According to the report, officers found 98 packages hidden under the trailer floor, 79 of them holding 42.335 kg of hashish and 19 holding 10.26 kg of opium, wrapped in layers meant to defeat the post's X-ray scanner. The case was handled jointly with the Border Troops, the State Security Service and internal affairs bodies.
Uzbekistan · Surxondaryo Region · Ayritom
Gazeta reported on 25 September 2026 that officers of the State Customs Committee's anti-smuggling department, working with the State Security Service, had found close to 95 kilograms of hashish in Qibray district, Tashkent region, citing committee press secretary Husan Tangriyev. According to the report, the hashish was in 109 packages inside four sacks hidden among trees in a field, which officers then kept under surveillance. Eight days later two people who came to collect it were detained, and the person who had ordered it hidden there was then identified and detained. The report gives no date for the find and does not say where the hashish came from.
Uzbekistan · Tashkent Region · Qibray District
Zamon reported on 16 September 2026 that Uzbekistan's Ministry of Internal Affairs had carried out helicopter surveillance flights over the country's regions in the second phase of the Qoradori-2026 operation, and that a total of 70 kg of narcotic plants grown in households had been destroyed. The ministry announced the result the same day on its Telegram channel. Examples reported include 520 cannabis plants on 200 square metres tended by a farm enterprise manager in Oltinko'l district, Andijan region, and smaller backyard plantings in Samarqand and Bukhara districts, as well as stored marijuana found in Andijan region; criminal cases were opened in each. The report gives no dates for the phase or for the individual cases and says the second phase is continuing.
Uzbekistan · Zarafshan Valley
UzDaily reported that the Uzbek interior ministry and the State Security Service announced the prevention of the distribution of 24 kilogrammes of hashish during the second stage of an operational and preventive campaign named Qoradori-2026. According to the account a man detained at the border in Namangan region had carried 20 kilogrammes of hashish across the Naryn river from what the ministry described only as a neighbouring country and concealed it near the frontier for collection. A second man was detained in Andijan receiving 10 kilogrammes of that consignment, a third was detained at Kokand in Fergana region while attempting a sale, and a fourth was detained in Besharyk district with 4 kilogrammes packaged for sale. The ministry said all four face charges under the criminal code and are in custody. The origin country is not named in the announcement.
Uzbekistan
24.kg reported, citing the Naryn Region police department, that a large plot of wild cannabis was destroyed in the Kara kuurai operation. The plants were found at Marinka and Kindik, belonging to Min-Kush ayil okmotu in Jumgal District, and about 2.5 tonnes were mowed and burned on about 2 hectares by the district police department, the regional drug-control service and representatives of the ayil okmotu.
Kyrgyzstan · Naryn Region · Jumgal District · Min-Kush · Tian Shan (growing region)
Podrobno.uz reported, citing the Jizzakh Region police department, that officers found 63 bushes of wild cannabis on 5 August on an agricultural plot belonging to a 57-year-old local resident in Bunyodkor mahalla, Dustlik District, during the Safe and Healthy Country preventive operation. The department said the cannabis grew wild. After completing the paperwork officers destroyed all 63 bushes.
Uzbekistan · Jizzakh Region · Dustlik District · Bunyodkor