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The encyclopedia and open conservation database for landrace cannabis populations, their genetics and the traditional knowledge that sustains them.

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Accessions, coloured by the status of their seed lots, with growing places and archaeological sites. Another 571 accessions have no coordinates yet.

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Interactive map of landrace accessions, growing places and archaeological sites. It is unavailable here; browse the accession list instead.

1144Accessions shown

91Growing areas

45Growing regions

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UrgentAt riskSecureHeld in a genebank, not distributedNo data yet, or too little to rateWhat these mean

364of the 1144 accessions on this map have a seed lot rated Urgent. See which populations to grow out first

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An accession is a sample or observation recorded at a specific place and time.

All accessionsEvery documented sample and observation

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Growing regionA broad ecological and cultural grouping

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Featured accessionRSC-PAK-AZA-0120200001-R1

Pakistan Collected 2020 Landrace

2020 RSC Kashmiri Reproduction is seed newly produced from an ex situ maintenance grow of Kashmiri General Population 2020, a cannabis landrace collected in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, in 2020. It is the seed The Real Seed Company (RSC) sells under the listing Kashmiri.

PopulationReproduction

CollectionSeeds

PreservationThe Real Seed Company

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Places

Featured growing regions and areas

Growing region

Garhjat

India

Hill districts of northern and western Odisha, among them the former Tributary States of Orissa, where ganja was grown in house plots in the 1890s and where police destroy cannabis fields today

Lu Thaw

Kayin State · Myanmar

Lu'an

Anhui · China

Madaya

Central Myanmar · Myanmar

Mae Chan

Northern Thailand · Thailand

All 48 growing regions · All 100 growing areas

A dried, cured cannabis flower with pale green and amber tones laid lengthways on a weathered tree-trunk cross-section, the wood split by a deep horizontal crack

Picture of the day

'Mango Passion' phenotype cured flower from Kirivong.

Kirivong (appellation) · Éloïse, 11 May 2022 · About this photograph

Featured article

Lalibela Cave is a cave site in Begemeder, Ethiopia, near Lake Tana. Two ceramic bowls of water pipes excavated there came from a level radiocarbon dated to 1320 ± 80 CE. Nikolaas J. van der Merwe tested their residues by thin-layer chromatography and concluded that cannabis was smoked around Lake Tana in the 13th or 14th century, before tobacco reached Africa from the Americas.

J. C. Dombrowski excavated the cave and described it in his doctoral thesis at Boston University (1971). The two bowls came from level 2, which has an associated radiocarbon date of 1320 ± 80 CE (laboratory number Y-2433); calibration on the bristlecone pine curve did not change the age significantly. The material culture of level 2 differs little from that of the region today. The workmen at the excavation recognised the bowls and how they worked. Each has an opening at the bottom for a vertical stem, which presumably led down into a water container.

Pipe B2 was well preserved and held a crust of residue up to 1 millimetre thick in places. It was identified as "an Awraja's pipe or the pipe of a 'big man'". Pipe A2 was broken and held only a little residue.

Van der Merwe used a standard thin-layer chromatography test of the kind hospitals and police used to detect cannabis, at the toxicology laboratory of Wilson Memorial Hospital in Johnson City, New York. Samples of under 100 milligrams were soaked in petroleum ether, spotted on silica gel plates, run in benzene and sprayed with fast blue B salt, which turns cannabis compounds orange-red. Fresh cannabis gave a main spot for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) at an Rf value of 0.53, with lesser spots for cannabinol and cannabidiol.

The Ethiopian residues gave none of these spots. …

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Research

Venue: Agriculture and Natural Resources

30 Sep 2026

Comparison of self-pollination and intercrossing for feminized seed production in Thai Hang Kra Rok cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) landrace

Compares selfing with intercrossing for producing feminized seed from two Thai landrace accessions of Hang Kra Rok cannabis, one from Bangkok and one from Sakon Nakhon. Female cuttings were treated with colloidal silver to induce male flowers, and the progeny were grown in a plant factory with artificial lighting. Both selfed lines and the Sakon Nakhon by Bangkok cross gave 100% female plants, while the reciprocal cross produced one hermaphrodite (5.6%). Dry inflorescence weight did not differ between treatments. The Bangkok selfed line had the highest THC content at 6.58%. The plants were grown under artificial light, so the chemistry is not field chemistry.

Source

29 Sep 2026 · Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy

Tracing the roots of illicit Cannabis: A machine learning-assisted ATR-FTIR proof-of-concept study for geographical origin classification

Source

26 Sep 2026 · Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa

Cross of Green: Substance and Value in South Africa's Shifting Cannabis Policy

Source

23 Sep 2026 · Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Standardized Curcuma longa–Cannabis sativa extract derived from a traditional Thai formulation for psoriasis: anti-inflammatory activity, keratinocyte modulation, and skin-targeted delivery

Source

20 Sep 2026 · Journal of Essential Oil Research

Dynamic changes in essential oil yield and terpenoid composition across growth stages in hemp cultivars