Research:2026-08-15/Journal article/the-expansion-of-cannabis-cultivation-and-the-problem-of-natural-resource-degradation-in-the-south-central-rif
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The expansion of cannabis cultivation and the problem of natural resource degradation in the south-central Rif: the Taounate circle
Géomatique et Gestion des Territoires
Studies the spread of cannabis cultivation in the Taounate circle of the south-central Rif since the 1990s, using a questionnaire of 200 farmers, bibliographic work and mapping. The authors say cannabis drew farmers in for its rent value and high returns, especially after the hybrid varieties Khardala and Tritika arrived. They report cannabis taking land from cereals and pulses, a decline in livestock keeping, loss of forest cover, more erodible soils and greater pressure on water, alongside better incomes for cannabis growers and sharper conflict over land and water. Taounate lies outside the historic kif core, so the paper documents an expansion zone.