Property:Has research summary
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Research:2026-01-15/Journal article/unraveling-the-confusion-of-flowering-types-and-terminology-in-cannabis-sativa +
Perspective/review arguing that cannabis “flowering” terminology is inconsistent across research and industry, which leads to misclassification of photoperiodic behavior and reproductive structures. Proposes clearer categories for female reproductive development (pistillate flowering) and distinguishes multiple male flowering expressions, with descriptive examples and photos to standardize usage across controlled-environment and field contexts. +
Research:2026-05-08/Journal article/genetic-architecture-of-phenological-morphological-and-phytochemical-traits-in-cannabis-landraces +
Genome-wide association study of 145 Iranian Cannabis sativa landrace accessions, male and female, genotyped at roughly 233,000 common SNPs. The analysis resolves the collection into three genetically distinct subpopulations shaped by geography, climate and traditional cultivation, and identifies 91 genomic regions associated with 40 phenological, morphological and phytochemical traits, including 15 pleiotropic loci linked to flowering time, plant architecture, biomass accumulation and cannabinoid biosynthesis. The authors report high heritability for most traits and rapid linkage disequilibrium decay, and present the panel as a resource for high-resolution mapping and marker-assisted selection towards cultivars with tailored cannabinoid profiles. A population-scale genetic-architecture reference for the Iran gene pool, complementing the earlier Mostafaei Dehnavi et al. 2025 population-genomics study of Iranian Cannabis. +
Research:2026-05-12/Journal article/a-near-complete-haplotype-resolved-telomere-to-telomere-genome-assembly-of-cannabis-sativa-reveals-complex-hig +
Reports a near-complete haplotype-resolved telomere-to-telomere assembly of Cannabis sativa, characterising telomeric, subtelomeric and centromeric regions. The authors describe extensive higher-order repetitive structures and substantial structural variation between the two haplotypes. The assembly is offered as a resource for work on chromosome architecture and genome evolution. +
Research:2026-05-21/Journal article/integrating-temporal-morphophysiological-and-genomic-markers-for-precise-classification-of-flowering-time-in-c +
Classifies flowering time across 25 Iranian Cannabis landrace populations, 145 accessions in total, by integrating temporal morphophysiological measurement with genomic and environmental data. Machine-learning integration of 234,002 features separated autoflowering from photoperiod-sensitive material and identified validated markers at CsFTL3 and CsCFL1. The panel is the same Iranian landrace collection behind the record of Babaei and Torkamaneh's trait-architecture study, which this analysis extends to flowering time specifically. +
Research:2026-05-25/Journal article/cannabinoids-and-terpenoids-in-hemp-inflorescence-and-leaves-of-three-varieties-in-yunnan-china +
Profiles cannabinoids by liquid chromatography and terpenoids by headspace SPME gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the inflorescence and leaves of three registered Yunnan hemp cultivars, Yunma 7, Yunma 8 and Yunma 10. The series showed an inverse relationship between THC and CBDA together with cultivar-specific terpene profiles, all three remaining below the 0.3 per cent THC threshold. The material is registered industrial cultivars rather than landraces, so it documents regional cultivar chemistry rather than traditional germplasm. +
Research:2026-05-25/Journal article/chemical-characterization-and-biological-potential-of-the-essential-oils-from-the-flowers-of-two-cannabis-sati +
Characterises the essential oils of two Cannabis sativa cultivars grown at Komga in the Eastern Cape by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and assays their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The cultivars are Lifter and Cherrywine, commercial material rather than indigenous Eastern Cape landraces, so the study documents chemistry at a South African growing locality rather than of a traditional variety. +
Presents phased sex-chromosome assemblies for Cannabis sativa and Humulus lupulus and dates the origin of their shared XY pair to roughly 36 million years ago, before the two genera diverged. The Y chromosome is heavily degenerated and carries no clear sex-determining gene. The authors instead attribute female inflorescence fate to an X-linked homologue of aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, placing the ethylene pathway at the centre of the mechanism. The finding bears directly on the treatment of sex determination and dioecy in Cannabis. +
Research:2026-06-01/Journal article/exploring-indigenous-knowledge-on-cultivation-uses-and-morphological-differences-of-cannabis-landraces-in-sout +
Reports an ethnobotanical survey of 95 Cannabis growers across four South African provinces, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape, Mpumalanga and Limpopo, carried out between November 2023 and November 2024. Ninety-seven per cent of growers recognised distinct landraces and 25 colloquial names were recorded, among them Swazi, Local and Insangu. Field observation of height, leaf traits, scent and flower colour grouped the named landraces into two clusters irrespective of where they were collected or what they were called locally. Thirty-eight per cent of participants reported selling mainly to recreational users and one per cent reported traditional ritual use. The authors conclude that growers' naming does not reliably track morphological or genetic diversity and that morphology alone cannot capture it. The record documents vernacular landrace nomenclature for the South African material covered elsewhere in this corpus. +
Research:2026-06-02/Journal article/entrepreneurial-leadership-and-cannabis-entrepreneurship-in-south-africa-insights-from-the-cannabis-master-pla +
Combines interviews with 16 Cannabis entrepreneurs and small-enterprise performance data from the Vhembe District of Limpopo to examine who can take part in South Africa's National Cannabis Master Plan. The authors describe what they call a cannabis divide, in which licensing fees of R25,000 and infrastructure costs above R6 million place formal participation beyond rural growers. It documents the exclusion of established cultivators from a legal framework and complements the other South African policy records in this corpus. +
Research:2026-06-12/Preprint/cannabinoid-based-classification-of-ghanaian-cannabis-for-regulatory-and-commercial-applications +
Quantifies THC, CBD and CBN by HPLC-DAD in 12 farm samples from two Ghanaian production regions together with seized material. Most farm-grown samples exceeded the 0.3 per cent THC threshold proposed for industrial hemp. The authors also report that composition tracked plant type more closely than geographic origin. The work is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Its threshold finding bears on which existing growers a hemp category would admit. +
Research:2026-06-13/Journal article/ethnopharmacological-uses-of-cannabis-in-the-arabic-islamic-golden-age-from-the-ixth-to-the-xvith-century-ce +
Surveys the documented uses of Cannabis in Arabic medical manuscripts and treatises from the ninth to the sixteenth century. The authors record applications across endocrine, nervous, respiratory, digestive and dermatological complaints, drawn from seeds, leaves, roots and inflorescences. These uses are set against the cultural and religious framing of the plant in the period. The record extends historical coverage into the Arabic pharmacopoeia, a tradition not otherwise represented in this corpus. +
Research:2026-06-16/Journal article/opinions-of-illicit-cannabis-growers-on-the-industrial-legalization-of-cannabis-in-ghana-an-exploratory-qualit +
Reports interviews with 14 unlicensed Cannabis growers in Hohoe Municipality on Ghana's move towards industrial legalisation. Participants raised licensing costs, police harassment and the case for decentralised and subsidised licensing. The study records cultivator perspectives on a legalisation process while it was under way. +
Research:2026-06-18/Journal article/seed-compositional-profiling-of-21-industrial-hemp-varieties-and-comparative-proteomic-analysis-of-wild-and-cu +
Profiles seed composition across 21 industrial hemp varieties and compares the seed proteomes of wild, cultivated dual-purpose and fibre-type Cannabis sativa genotypes. Between 240 and 648 proteins were differentially expressed depending on the comparison, most of them downregulated in cultivated material relative to wild. The result gives molecular evidence of proteomic divergence associated with domestication. +
Research:2026-06-19/Preprint/sex-chromosome-aware-gwas-reveals-xy-linked-agronomic-architecture-and-breeding-targets-in-cannabis +
Reports a sex-chromosome-aware genome-wide association study in Cannabis, adding the X and Y chromosomes to the panel of 145 Iranian landrace accessions. Sixteen genome-wide significant markers were identified, among them X-linked loci for stem biomass and growth rate and Y-linked loci for male morphology and male-specific flowering time. The work is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. It analyses the same landrace collection as the other records from this programme. +
Research:2026-06-28/Journal article/value-capture-in-the-emerging-medical-cannabis-global-value-chain-insights-from-south-africa +
Analyses the legal medical Cannabis global value chain in South Africa through 34 semi-structured interviews conducted between 2021 and 2024 with cultivators, brokers, consultants and civil society. Cultivators reported regulatory complexity, intensifying competition, imbalances in bargaining power and quality conventions requiring both artisanal sensory character and pharmaceutical rigour. The author argues that barriers to entry and the capital cost of upgrading push suppliers towards commoditisation and price volatility. The conclusion is that medical Cannabis export is unlikely to serve as inclusive development for small-scale growers in the Global South without substantial policy support. +
Research:2026-06-30/Journal article/cannabis-sativa-religion-and-society-historical-medicinal-legal-and-sacramental-perspectives +
Traces the origins and cultural diffusion of Cannabis sativa, its introduction to Southern Africa and its historical medicinal use, alongside the history of its criminalisation and its place in several religious traditions. The article takes sacramental and legal framings together and complements the Southern African historical records already in this corpus. +
Research:2026-07-01/Journal article/screening-diverse-cannabis-sativa-germplasm-for-resistance-to-golovinomyces-ambrosiae +
Screens between 70 and 98 Cannabis sativa entries for resistance to Golovinomyces ambrosiae, the cause of powdery mildew, over two growing seasons. The panel combines accessions from the USDA-ARS germplasm repository with breeding lines and commercial cultivars spanning different geographic origins. Several entries showed consistently low disease severity across both years. The authors present the data as broadening the public phenotypic record available to users of germplasm collections. +
Research:2026-07-18/Journal article/terroir-driven-phenolic-chemotypes-and-antioxidant-antimicrobial-activities-of-beldia-cannabis-sativa-l-seed-e +
Compares the phenolic composition of defatted seed extracts from the Moroccan Beldia landrace collected at three localities in the Rif: Ketama, Taounate and Ouazzane. HPLC-DAD profiling separated the localities, with Ouazzane samples highest in total phenolics and flavonoids, Ketama samples showing the strongest DPPH radical scavenging and Taounate samples shifted towards vanillic acid against a general dominance of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. The authors attribute the variation to Moroccan terroir. The study concerns seed chemistry rather than resin, so it does not speak to hashish composition. Its three localities correspond to documented Rif growing areas and it sits alongside the other Moroccan terroir records in this corpus. +