Taşköprü
More actions
| Taşköprü | |
|---|---|
| ActiveRecorded as grown here since 2000 | |
| Hierarchy | |
| Growing Region | Black Sea Region (Turkey) |
| Geography | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province/State | Kastamonu |
| District | Taşköprü District |
| Coordinates | 41.51, 34.21 |
| Landscape | |
| Area | 1,760 km² |
| Terrain | Approximately Taşköprü district |
| Growing history | |
| Earlier names | Taşköprü kaza, Kastamonu sancak and vilayet |
| Documentation | |
| Appellations | 0 |
| Accessions | 0 |
| Conservation | |
| Populations | none documented yet |
Taşköprü is a landrace cannabis growing area in the Black Sea Region of Turkey, mapped on Taşköprü district of Kastamonu Province. The crop there is hemp, called kendir in Turkish and grown chiefly for its fibre. In the Ottoman tax registers of 1486 and 1560 the kaza of Taşköprü produced nearly all the hemp recorded for the kazas of Kastamonu, İnebolu, Sinop and Taşköprü.[1]: 7 In 1933, 75 of its villages grew hemp every year.[2]: 505–506 After a gap of some years, hemp was harvested again in the village of Yazıhamit in 2020.[3]
The tract
Mehmet Taştemir names especially the fertile land around the Gökırmak river and where its valleys join it as the hemp and flax land of the Kastamonu country. Hemp and flax were sown at Taşköprü, Kastamonu, İnebolu and Sinop, though İnebolu and Sinop grew mostly flax.[1]: 5 Kastamonu hemp and rope were sold to Istanbul and Europe according to the provincial yearbook (salname) of 1871, and the villages of the central kaza, Taşköprü and Daday were among the places where most hemp was sown.[4]: 1228 The yearbook of 1310 AH puts the most intensive hemp growing in the central kaza, Taşköprü and Tosya.[2]: 502
The Kastamonu yearbook of 1933 counted 60 villages of the central kaza and 75 of Taşköprü that grew hemp continuously, about ten villages between Daday and Kastamonu that grew it from time to time, and a few villages of Tosya.[2]: 505–506 In the same years hemp was grown on the land watered by the Karasu, İğdir, Suçıkıgı and Başköy streams, in the central, Taşköprü and Daday kazas.[4]: 1232
History
Ottoman registers
The tax registers (tahrir) list a tithe on hemp and flax in the kazas of Kastamonu, İnebolu, Sinop and Taşköprü. Taştemir's reading of the registers of 1486 and 1560 puts most of the flax in Sinop (with Kastamonu second in 1486; neither hemp nor flax is recorded at Kastamonu in 1560) and most of the hemp in Taşköprü: about 93 per cent of the hemp of the four kazas in 1486 and about 98 per cent in 1560.[1]: 6–7 An order to the judge of Taşköprü, cited by Taştemir, concerns men of the village of Kırankir who said they belonged to the state hemp households (mîrî kendir hâneleri) and that their hemp had been bought for the state at 19, 14 and 12 akçe a batman for the best, middling and lowest grades.[1]: 6 The hemp the state bought in Kastamonu and the country around it was gathered at the landing of İnebolu and shipped from there for the Imperial Dockyard (Tersâne-i Âmire).[1]: 23
Yearbooks, the Republic and the factory
Hemp grown at Taşköprü and hemp cloth woven there were sent to Europe, according to the Kastamonu yearbooks of 1307 and 1310 AH.[2]: 502 In the early years of the Republic, Taşköprü had between 150 and 300 rope looms worked by about 1,500 people, and the fibre was still stripped from the stalk by hand.[2]: 503 In 1937 money was sent for hemp retting ponds to be built at Sulukese and Gölveren in Taşköprü, to be fitted with cranes and presses so that growers would not have to stand in the water.[2]: 508 When İsmet İnönü visited the ponds at Gölveren in 1938, the president of the chamber of commerce, Mehmet Rıza Saltuk, told him: "Taşköprü bir kendir memleketidir" ("Taşköprü is a hemp country"). Saltuk asked for stripping and combing factories at Taşköprü, Gölveren, Şekerköprü and near Daday.[4]: 1233
The state hemp factory at Taşköprü was built by Sümerbank. Akpınar and Nizamoğlu write that its foundation was laid in 1942, describe a foundation ceremony at Taşköprü on 2 June 1945 and date its completion to 1947.[4]: 1233–1234 Başer and Bozoğlu date the factory, built for retting and stripping, to 1946.[5]: 129 Robert C. Clarke writes that a retting and processing plant opened at Taşköprü in 1946 and a twine factory in 1949, which later turned to spinning imported jute and worked until 2004.[6]: 9
Since 2020
About 20 decares of hemp sown at Yazıhamit were harvested in October 2020. The mayor of Taşköprü said that the town had begun again to sow the hemp it had lost 17 years before.[3] In May 2022 the company Anadolu Kenevir Endüstri, which planned a fibre factory at Taşköprü, had contracts with 46 farmers for 750 dönüm in 22 villages; its general manager said that about 1,000 decares of trial sowings were being made that year and that 10,000 decares were planned for the next.[7]
Cultivation
In Kastamonu and Samsun provinces the plants are harvested for fibre in mid-August; for fibre and seed together, the crop is left until early October, and the female plants are dried and threshed for their seed.[6]: 7 According to the Kastamonu yearbook of 1933, the province's hemp was strong, white and glossy, and about half of each year's crop was made into rope locally, 15 per cent was stored and 35 per cent exported.[2]: 506
Accessions
No accessions documented yet.
Recent news
No news items are recorded for this growing area yet.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Taştemir, Mehmet (2003). "Karadeniz Bölgesinde Kendir-Keten Üretimi ve Kullanım Alanları (XV. Yüzyıl Sonu - XVII. Yüzyıl İlk Yarısı)" [Hemp and flax production and uses in the Black Sea region (late 15th to first half of the 17th century)]. Türk Kültürü İncelemeleri Dergisi (in Türkçe) (8): 1–24. doi:10.24058/tki.108.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Bayram, Ebru (December 2024). "Cumhuriyet'in İlk Yıllarında Batı Karadeniz'de Dokumacılık (1923-1938)" [Weaving in the Western Black Sea in the early years of the Republic (1923–1938)]. Tarih ve Gelecek Dergisi (in Türkçe). 10 (4): 495–514. doi:10.21551/jhf.1596237.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Taşköprü'de 17 yıl sonra ekilen kenevirin hasadı başladı" [Harvest begins of the hemp sown in Taşköprü after 17 years]. TRT Haber (in Türkçe). 13 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2026.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Akpınar, Deniz; Nizamoğlu, Ahmet (2019). "Osmanlı'dan Cumhuriyet'e Kenevir Üretimi" [Hemp production from the Ottomans to the Republic]. Turkish Studies – Social Sciences (in Türkçe). 14 (4): 1223–1236. doi:10.29228/TurkishStudies.23448.
- ↑ Başer, Uğur; Bozoğlu, Mehmet (2020). "Türkiye'nin Kenevir Politikası ve Piyasasına Bir Bakış" [An overview of Turkey's hemp policy and market]. Tarım Ekonomisi Araştırmaları Dergisi (in Türkçe). 6 (2): 127–135.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Clarke, Robert C. (2023). "Anatolian hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation, processing, and production: history and recent observations". Agrociencia Uruguay. 27. e1166. doi:10.31285/AGRO.27.1166.
- ↑ "Kastamonu'da tekstil sektörü için kenevir üretimine başlanıyor" [Hemp production for the textile sector begins in Kastamonu]. Cumhuriyet (in Türkçe). 2 May 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2026.