Gümüşhacıköy
More actions
| Gümüşhacıköy | |
|---|---|
| ActiveGrown here in 2000 or later | |
| Hierarchy | |
| Growing Region | Black Sea Region (Turkey) |
| Geography | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province/State | Amasya |
| District | Gümüşhacıköy District |
| Coordinates | 40.87, 35.21 |
| Landscape | |
| Area | 680 km² |
| Terrain | Approximately Gümüşhacıköy district |
| Growing history | |
| Earlier names | Gümüşhacıköy kaza |
| Documentation | |
| Appellations | 0 |
| Accessions | 0 |
| Conservation | |
| Populations | none documented yet |
Gümüşhacıköy is a landrace cannabis growing area in the Black Sea Region of Turkey, mapped on Gümüşhacıköy district of Amasya Province. The crop is hemp, called kendir, grown for its fibre and for its seed (çetene), which was sold for bird feed.[1]: 119 In 1939 the kaza produced about 500 tonnes of hemp a year.[2]: 1233 Hemp was sown in the district under contract in 2025.[3]
The tract
In 1995 hemp was sown in the Black Sea region above all at Amasya, Çorum, Gümüşhacıköy, Merzifon, Ordu, Samsun and Taşköprü.[4] Robert C. Clarke writes that hemp has been grown in the Gümüşhacıköy region for centuries.[5]: 9 A crop handbook of 1969 by R. Savaş, cited by Nuran Taşlıgil and Güven Şahin, rated the hemp seed produced at Gümüşhacıköy the best in the world.[6]: 471
A way of harvesting for seed is named after the district. In the "Gümüşhacıköy method" (Gümüşhacıköy usulü) the male plants are left standing until the females ripen and both are cut together; the fibre from such a crop is of low quality.[6]: 458
History
The cooperative and the factory
The Gümüşhacıköy Rope, Twine and Cord Small Trades Cooperative (S.S. Gümüşhacıköy İp Sicim Urgan Küçük Sanat Kooperatifi) was founded on 23 July 1970. It marketed the hemp and hemp goods that farmers in and around Gümüşhacıköy made by hand: kırnap cloth, halters, cord for tying sacks, rope and hawser. Hemp and its seed were among the chief sources of income for the district's farmers.[1]: 119
In 1974 the cooperative bought 85 decares of land on the road from Gümüşhacıköy to Merzifon for a hemp mill, with ten retting ponds. Its machines, for 1,000 tonnes a year, were bought from the Italian firm Bolelli, and the mill opened at the end of 1984 with 118 workers, spinning yarn for carpet weft and warp. It also bought stalks from farmers, retted them in its own ponds and stripped the fibre by machine, and it exported 28 tonnes of hemp to an Italian firm.[1]: 119–121 The mill closed in 1986 and was leased for 20 years to Gümüşsan A.Ş., which later closed it and turned the land into an orchard.[1]: 121
Since 2000
Clarke, citing a visit by Justin Tiret, writes that nearly 2,500 hectares of hemp were reportedly grown in the Gümüşhacıköy region in 2000 for rope and seed, and that within a few years of the visit growing had all but ceased.[5]: 9 The national statistics give Amasya Province 17 hectares of hemp in 2000 and 19 tonnes of fibre.[6]: 469, 471 At a workshop on fibre crops held in Samsun in May 2017, the chairman of the cooperative, Ümit Yetişir, said that no hemp was being produced and no seed could be found.[7]: 128
With a grant from the Central Black Sea Development Agency (OKA) and a purchase guarantee from a textile firm, the cooperative's mill began spinning hemp yarn again in 2023.[8] About 6,500 decares of hemp were sown under contract in Amasya Province in 2024. In 2025 the area fell to about 850 decares after problems with one of the contracting firms: 500 decares at the state farm of Gökhöyük and the rest sown under contract by two firms in Gümüşhacıköy and the neighbouring district of Hamamözü.[3]
Accessions
No accessions documented yet.
Recent news
No news items are recorded for this growing area yet.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Yetişir, Ümit (2017). "Gümüşhacıköy Kendir Fabrikası "S.S. Gümüşhacıköy İp Sicim Urgan Küçük Sanat Kooperatifi"" [The Gümüşhacıköy hemp factory of the Gümüşhacıköy Rope, Twine and Cord Small Trades Cooperative]. In Ayan, Ali Kemal; Arslanoğlu, Ş. Funda; Aytaç, Selim; Şahin, Hasan Alp (eds.). Karadeniz'in Lif Bitkileri Çalıştayı: Keten, Kenevir, Isırgan [Workshop on the fibre plants of the Black Sea: flax, hemp, nettle] (PDF) (in Türkçe). Samsun. pp. 119–122. Retrieved 22 October 2026.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ Akpınar, Deniz; Nizamoğlu, Ahmet (2019). "Osmanlı'dan Cumhuriyet'e Kenevir Üretimi" [Hemp production from the Ottomans to the Republic]. Turkish Studies – Social Sciences (in Türkçe). 14 (4): 1223–1236. doi:10.29228/TurkishStudies.23448.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Amasyalı üretici kenevirden vazgeçti! Ekim alanları hızla düştü" [Amasya's growers give up on hemp: the sown area falls fast]. Gazete Vatan (in Türkçe). İHA. 23 October 2025. Retrieved 22 October 2026.
- ↑ Baytop, Turhan (1995). "Esrar". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Türkçe). Vol. 11. İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı. pp. 431–432. Retrieved 19 October 2026.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Clarke, Robert C. (2023). "Anatolian hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation, processing, and production: history and recent observations". Agrociencia Uruguay. 27. e1166. doi:10.31285/AGRO.27.1166.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Taşlıgil, Nuran; Şahin, Güven (2019). "Developments and restoration of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation in Turkish agriculture". 1st Istanbul International Geography Congress Proceedings Book (in Türkçe). İstanbul: Istanbul University Press. pp. 456–478. doi:10.26650/pb/ps12.2019.002.045.
- ↑ Ayan, Ali Kemal; Arslanoğlu, Ş. Funda; Aytaç, Selim; Şahin, Hasan Alp, eds. (2017). Karadeniz'in Lif Bitkileri Çalıştayı: Keten, Kenevir, Isırgan [Workshop on the fibre plants of the Black Sea: flax, hemp, nettle] (PDF) (in Türkçe). Samsun. Retrieved 22 October 2026.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ "1986'da kapanan fabrika yıllar sonra geri döndü" [The factory closed in 1986 returns after many years]. Ekonomist (in Türkçe). Anadolu Ajansı. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2026.