South Chuy hemp
More actions
| Kind of name | Registered cultivar |
|---|---|
| Also called | South Chuya |
| Language | Russian |
| Refers to | A variety of hemp grown for fibre in the Kirghiz SSR |
| Country | Kyrgyzstan |
|---|---|
| Places | Chu Valley |
| First recorded | 1950[1]: 108 |
| Registered | Zoned for the state and collective farms of the Kirghiz SSR, by 1957[2]: 101 |
South Chuy hemp (Russian: Южная чуйская, Yuzhnaya Chuyskaya) is a Soviet variety of hemp grown for fibre in the Chu Valley of the Kirghiz SSR, now Kyrgyzstan. The Chuy Experimental Station bred it, and it was zoned for the republic's state and collective farms.[2]: 101 In the Institute of Hemp's grouping by seed weight it was one of the large-seeded southern varieties.[1]: 108 In 1964 the government of the Kirghiz SSR decided to stop growing it from 1965.[3]: 25–26 The criminal code of the RSFSR punished the sowing of South Chuy hemp from 1965, and the hemp was also named in the codes of the Kazakh SSR, from 1987, and the Kirghiz SSR.[4][5][6]
The bast-fibre state farms
The bast-fibre state farms of the Kirghiz SSR were set up in Frunze oblast in 1930–1932, at the same time as the Atbashi irrigation system was built. Their land lay in the middle of the oblast, on the grey soils of the Chu Valley. There were four of them: Nizhne-Chuysky, the largest, Dzhangi-Dzher, Dzhangi-Pakhta and Vasilyevsky. The valley's frost-free season lasts 129 to 188 days, and its warmth from April to September was enough for southern hemp and kenaf. Rainfall averaged 332 millimetres a year and fell mostly in spring, so industrial crops could be grown in the valley only under irrigation.[2]: 88
The farms sowed hemp at the same time as the early spring cereals. On the heavy soils of the valley the main sowing came at the end of March and the beginning of April, at 50 kilograms of seed a hectare for hemp grown for both fibre and seed and 60 to 70 kilograms for zelenets, hemp grown for fibre alone. Until 1952 the farms grew their hemp for both fibre and seed.[2]: 101
The plant
South Chuy hemp had a long growing season of 165 to 170 days. It gave good fibre, shed little seed and resisted the hemp flea beetle. It withstood spring frosts down to −6 °C, so it could be sown early.[2]: 101 In seed-weight trials of the Institute of Hemp it fell in the large-seeded group, with South Krasnodar hemp and the variety Ferralonia.[1]: 108 In trials of seed shattering it was among the varieties that shed least, with Novgorod-Seversk and Proskurov hemp, and its seed was held firmly to the receptacle.[7]: 121
End of the crop
In the account of Askar Djakishev, quoted by A. T. Akmatova, hashish use was widespread among young people and the pupils of schools, technical colleges and vocational schools in the Kirghiz SSR, and crimes by people under the influence of the drug were rising. On 9 July 1964 the republic's Council of Ministers resolved to end the growing of South Chuy hemp from 1965 and to convert the bast-fibre mills to other work. The Presidium of the republic's Supreme Soviet made the sowing of South Chuy hemp a crime.[3]: 25–26
Law
Article 225 of the RSFSR criminal code of 1960 named only opium poppy and Indian hemp.[8] A decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 3 July 1965 added a second part to the article: the sowing of South Manchurian or South Chuy hemp was punished with up to three years' imprisonment.[4] In 1987 the list grew to five names, adding South Arkhon and South Krasnodar hemp.[9][5] Article 236 of the Kirghiz SSR criminal code listed South Chuy hemp in its edition of 1997.[6]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Arinshtein, A. I. (1950). "К вопросу о масличности семян сортов конопли при различных условиях выращивания". In Tollochko, Ya. M. (ed.). Лубяные культуры: конопля, кенаф, канатник, рами, джут, бамия (in русский). Moscow: Сельхозгиз. pp. 108–114 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Lukashevich, E. S. (1957). "Выращивание конопли и кенафа в совхозах Киргизской ССР". Выращивание высоких урожаев конопли, кенафа и джута: сборник статей. Передовой опыт в сельском хозяйстве (in русский). Moscow: Сельхозгиз. pp. 88–104 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Akmatova, A.T. (2024). "Правовая политика Советской Киргизии в сфере социальной безопасности (на опыте борьбы с распространением наркомании)". Вестник Ошского государственного университета. Право (in русский) (1(4)): 18–31. doi:10.52754/16948661_2024_1(4)_4.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 О внесении изменений и дополнений в Уголовный кодекс РСФСР(Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР), 3 July 1965, para. 6.RSFSR.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Уголовный кодекс Казахской ССР, 22 July 1959, arts. 212-1 and 213, as worded by the Ukaz of 30 July 1987.Kazakh SSR.Retrieved 12 October 2026.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Уголовный кодекс Киргизской ССР, 29 December 1960, arts. 236 and 236-1, edition of 1 October 1997.Kirghiz SSR.Retrieved 13 October 2026.
- ↑ Arinshtein, A. I. (1950). "Осыпаемость семян у разных сортов конопли". In Tollochko, Ya. M. (ed.). Лубяные культуры: конопля, кенаф, канатник, рами, джут, бамия (in русский). Moscow: Сельхозгиз. pp. 115–121 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ Уголовный кодекс РСФСР, 27 October 1960, art. 225, original wording.RSFSR.
- ↑ Babayan, E. A. (1990). "The legal regulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics". Bulletin on Narcotics. 42 (1): 73–81.