South Krasnodar hemp
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| Kind of name | Registered cultivar |
|---|---|
| Also called | Yuzhnaya Krasnodarskaya Juzhnaja Krasnodarskaja Yuzhnaia Krasnodarskaia |
| Language | Russian |
| Refers to | A variety of southern hemp grown for fibre and seed |
| Country | Russia |
|---|---|
| Places | Krasnodar Krai |
| First recorded | 1950[1]: 108 |
| Registered | Zoned on the Kuban from 1949[2] |
South Krasnodar hemp (Russian: Южная краснодарская, Yuzhnaya Krasnodarskaya) is a Soviet variety of southern hemp, a tall hemp grown for fibre. It was bred by Vasily Alekseyevich Nevinnykh (1900–1982), who first organised the breeding of southern hemp in the North Caucasus. Zoned on the Kuban, in Krasnodar Krai, from 1949, it was grown in Russia on up to 60,000 hectares.[2] It was also sown in Ukraine in the 1950s.[3]: 24, 28 Several later fibre cultivars descend from it.[4] In 1987 Soviet criminal law added it to the list of hemps whose sowing or growing was a crime.[5]
Origin
Nevinnykh led the breeding of southern hemp in the North Caucasus until 1981 and bred 12 varieties of hemp. The work began at the North Caucasus Experimental Station of Bast Crops and moved in 1956 to the Krasnodar agricultural research institute, now the Lukyanenko National Grain Centre.[2] Etienne de Meijer wrote in a 1995 survey of fibre cultivars that South Krasnodar hemp was originally selected from Italian hemp; he took the ancestries of former Soviet cultivars partly from unpublished notes by K. Hillig.[4] Trials of Italian hemp in Russia go back to 1842.[2]
The plant
In seed-weight trials of the Institute of Hemp, South Krasnodar hemp fell in the large-seeded group, with the other southern varieties.[1]: 108 Its seed shattered moderately, less than wild, northern and Mozdok hemp and more than South Chuy hemp.[6]: 121 It ripened 16 to 17 days later than South Cherkassy hemp, which was selected from it.[7]: 67
Cultivation in Ukraine
The collective farm Bolshevik, in the Shostka district of Sumy Oblast, was one of the leading hemp farms of the Polesia districts of Ukraine.[3]: 24 In 1954 two of its brigades sowed South Krasnodar hemp on 28 hectares on 14 May, earlier than in the two years before, and South Cherkassy hemp on 10 hectares on 16 May. The early sowings gave the highest fibre yields, 12 quintals a hectare and more, despite frosts down to −2 to −3 °C and hail. The farm grew both varieties for fibre as zelenets, a crop grown for fibre alone.[3]: 28
The Institute of Bast Crops recommended South Krasnodar hemp, with South Pavlograd hemp, for zelenets in the southern districts of Sumy Oblast and in all the forest-steppe provinces of Ukraine.[8]: 101
Varieties bred from it
- South Cherkassy (Южная черкасская), selected after the Second World War by the Cherkasy hemp seed station with researchers of the Institute of Bast Crops, by acclimatisation and mass selection from South Krasnodar hemp. It spread through the collective farms of the Cherkasy, Poltava, Sumy and Chernihiv oblasts.[7]: 67
- YuS-6 (Южносозревающая 6), bred by crossing South Krasnodar with northern hemp, followed by family-group selection for fibre content.[9]: 59 In de Meijer's survey, JUS-6 was selected from a cross of South Krasnodar with dwarf northern Russian hemp, and JUS 9 is the offspring of a cross between the same two.[4]
- Dneprovskaya 4, selected from South Krasnodar hemp. Through it South Krasnodar stands in the ancestry of the cultivars Zolotonosha 11 and Secuieni 1, and through JUS 9 in that of Fédora 19.[4]
Law
A decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet of 22 June 1987 added South Arkhon and South Krasnodar hemp to the hemps whose sowing or growing was punished with up to five years' imprisonment.[5] The RSFSR criminal code took the same list by a decree of 29 June 1987.[10][11] The other names on the list were Indian hemp, South Manchurian, South Chuy and South Arkhon hemp.[11]
Seed lots
The Vavilov Institute holds a lot under the name, 618_106, with Russia as its country of origin.[12] The Institute of Bast Crops at Hlukhiv holds lot UF0600243, acquired in 1994 and recorded as an advanced cultivar from Russia.[13]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Arinshtein, A. I. (1950). "К вопросу о масличности семян сортов конопли при различных условиях выращивания". In Tollochko, Ya. M. (ed.). Лубяные культуры: конопля, кенаф, канатник, рами, джут, бамия (in русский). Moscow: Сельхозгиз. pp. 108–114 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Лаборатория селекции и семеноводства конопли". ФГБНУ «НЦЗ им. П. П. Лукьяненко» (in русский). Archived from the original on 15 November 2019.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Demkin, A. P. (1957). "Высокие урожаи конопли в колхозе «Большевик»". Выращивание высоких урожаев конопли, кенафа и джута: сборник статей. Передовой опыт в сельском хозяйстве (in русский). Moscow: Сельхозгиз. pp. 24–31 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 de Meijer, E. P. M. (1995). "Fibre hemp cultivars: a survey of origin, ancestry, availability and brief agronomic characteristics". Journal of the International Hemp Association. 2 (2): 66–73.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Babayan, E. A. (1990). "The legal regulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics". Bulletin on Narcotics. 42 (1): 73–81.
- ↑ Arinshtein, A. I. (1950). "Осыпаемость семян у разных сортов конопли". In Tollochko, Ya. M. (ed.). Лубяные культуры: конопля, кенаф, канатник, рами, джут, бамия (in русский). Moscow: Сельхозгиз. pp. 115–121 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lesik, B. V.; Shkvar, Ya. Ya. (1957). "Район высоких урожаев конопли (из опыта черкасских коноплеводов)". Выращивание высоких урожаев конопли, кенафа и джута: сборник статей. Передовой опыт в сельском хозяйстве (in русский). Moscow: Сельхозгиз. pp. 65–81 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ Rudnikov, V. N.; Litvin, S. A. (1958). "Рациональный подбор зеленцовых сортов конопли — важный резерв увеличения производства волокна". Возделывание и первичная обработка конопли: сборник статей. Передовой опыт в сельском хозяйстве (in русский). Moscow: Сельхозгиз. pp. 89–101 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ Virovets, V. G. (1974). "Влияние репродукции семян на рост и развитие конопли". Биология, возделывание и первичная обработка конопли и кенафа (in русский). Vol. 35. Glukhov: Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт лубяных культур. pp. 58–65 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ Sumachev, A.V. (2018). "Уголовная политика России в сфере борьбы с незаконным оборотом наркотиков (с 70-х годов – до наших дней)". Вестник Югорского государственного университета (in русский) (2 (49)): 24–30. doi:10.17816/byusu20180224-30.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Уголовный кодекс РСФСР, 27 October 1960, arts. 225 and 225.1, in the wording of 1987.RSFSR.Retrieved 12 October 2026.
- ↑ "618_106, Cannabis sativa L." Genesys. Global Crop Diversity Trust. Retrieved 24 October 2026.
- ↑ "UF0600243, Cannabis sativa L. var. culta". Genesys. Global Crop Diversity Trust. Retrieved 24 October 2026.