Souss
More actions
| Souss | |
|---|---|
| Sous | |
| HistoricalCannabis last recorded here in 1924 | |
| Geography | |
| Country | Morocco |
| Province/State | Taroudant Province, Chtouka Aït Baha Province |
| Coordinates | 30.47, -8.88 |
| Landscape | |
| Area | 18,500 km² |
| Terrain | Valley of the Oued Souss and the foothills of the High Atlas, the Anti-Atlas and the Siroua round it; approximately Taroudant and Chtouka Aït Baha provinces, less bare ground at the Anti-Atlas edge |
| Growing history | |
| Grown | 1902[2]–1924[1] |
| Documentation | |
| Appellations | 0 |
| Accessions | 0 |
| Conservation | |
| Populations | none documented yet |
Souss is a historical landrace cannabis growing area in south-western Morocco, in the valley of the Oued Souss and on the foothills round it. The name covers the mountains of the western High Atlas, the Anti-Atlas and the Siroua and the plain between them.[3] Early in the twentieth century kif was grown there in many small plots, hidden in the vegetable gardens and maize fields of small farmers.[1]: 128–129
Kif plots in the early twentieth century
Lucien Raynaud, a physician who served at Mogador from 1900 to 1903,[1]: 128 wrote in 1902 that there were many plantations of Indian hemp in Morocco, notably in the Souss and at Marrakesh, grown mainly to make kif. He noted that in the Souss the bowls of kif pipes were made of white agate.[2]: 108–109 In a study of kif in the Marrakesh region published in 1919, Dr Guichard named the kif of the Haouara and the Haskoura in the Souss among the kinds much sought after in Marrakesh.[4]: 103
Jamal Bellakhdar, citing Guichard and Alfred Dardanne's study of Indian hemp published in 1924, lists the Haouara of Ouled Taïma among the growers of resin hemp. In his account many scattered micro-plots of hemp were seen in the Souss at the same period, at Ouled Berhil, at Aït Baha among the Chtouka, at Tazarte and Aoulouz in the valley of the Oued Souss, and at Askaoun on the Jbel Siroua, usually hidden in the vegetable gardens and maize plots of small farmers.[1]: 128–129 People from the Souss interviewed by Kenza Afsahi told her that the region had been self-sufficient in kif, which was smoked in pipes they called tiny. Growing was limited to small squares among peppers, aubergines and maize on the land of poor farmers at Tazarete, Ouled Berhil, Chtouka and Houara, and on the heights of Askaoune-Aoulouz, and the small farmers sold their crop for a few coins in the markets.[5]: 103
Soussi kif
Writing on data for 1956, Ahmed Benabud reported general cultivation "even by the best families" in the southern Atlas region and the Moroccan Sahara of kif varieties he called zerouali, soussi, gnaoui, haouzi (sadda, teloeut) and makhlif.[6] Pierre-Arnaud Chouvy counts soussi among the geographically named kif cultigens still grown in Morocco in the first half of the twentieth century, of which only the ktami of Ketama has possibly reached the present.[7]
Accessions
No accessions documented yet.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Bellakhdar, Jamal (2017). "Les voies suivies par le chanvre dans sa conquête du Maghreb" (PDF). Hespéris-Tamuda (in français). LII (2): 117–150. ISSN 0018-1005. Retrieved 22 October 2026.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Raynaud, Lucien (1902). Étude sur l'hygiène et la médecine au Maroc, suivie d'une notice sur la climatologie des principales villes de l'empire (in français). Alger: S. Léon. Retrieved 22 October 2026.
- ↑ Boumalk, Abdallah (2019). "Sous (Maroc)". Encyclopédie berbère (in français). Vol. 43. pp. 7554–7579. doi:10.4000/14u3k. Retrieved 22 October 2026.
- ↑ Guichard (15 April 1919). "Étude sur le kif dans la région de Marrakech". France-Maroc (in français). 3 (4). Rabat: 101–104. Retrieved 22 October 2026.
- ↑ Afsahi, Kenza (2017). "La construction socio-économique du cannabis au Maroc : le kif comme produit traditionnel, produit manufacturé et produit de contrebande". Tempo Social (in français). 29 (2): 99–114. doi:10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2017.125668.
- ↑ Benabud, Ahmed (1957). "Psycho-pathological aspects of the cannabis situation in Monaco [sic]: statistical data for 1956". Bulletin on Narcotics (4): 1–16.
- ↑ Chouvy, Pierre-Arnaud (2022). "Moroccan hashish as an example of a cannabis terroir product". GeoJournal. 88 (4): 3833–3850. doi:10.1007/s10708-022-10791-5.