Kurgan Oblast (growing region)
More actions
| Kurgan Oblast | |
|---|---|
| ActiveGrown here in 2000 or later | |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 55.45, 64.81 |
| Country | Russia |
| Provinces/States | Kurgan Oblast |
| Area | 71,600 km² |
| Primary Rivers | Tobol |
| Growing history | |
| Conservation | |
| Populations | none documented yet |
The Kurgan Oblast growing region covers Kurgan Oblast, in the south-west of the West Siberian Plain in Russia, on the middle course of the Tobol.[1] Farms in the oblast have sown industrial hemp since 2019, on 5.5 hectares in that year, 115.7 hectares in four districts in 2020 and about 400 hectares in 2024.[2][3][4] Wild hemp grows at the edges of villages, on private plots, on abandoned farms and on arable land left unworked; in 2024 the police and the administration of Shadrinsk okrug mowed a field of about 30 hectares with tractors.[5][6]
Geography
The oblast was formed from part of Chelyabinsk Oblast in February 1943 and covers about 71,000 km². Its surface is almost flat, rising slightly to the west and south-west, with many shallow hollows, low ridges up to 20 metres high and broad river valleys. The Tobol, the Iset and their tributaries run through the western half, and about 2,000 lakes lie mostly in the east and south-west. Birch groves alternate with open grassland; forest covers about 18 per cent of the land, from 30 to 40 per cent in the north down to 5 to 8 per cent in the south. The climate is sharply continental, with summer droughts recurring and about 400 mm of precipitation a year, falling from north-west to south-east. Leached chernozems cover more than 45 per cent of the oblast and solonetz soils about a fifth. In the early 1970s farmland took up 63 per cent of the land, 3.1 million hectares of it ploughland, and farms raised grain and livestock.[1] The administrative centre is Kurgan, and the other towns include Shadrinsk.[1]
To the west lies the Southern Urals growing region, and to the north-east the Ishim steppe, a plain between the Tobol and the Irtysh that the oblast shares with Tyumen and Omsk oblasts and northern Kazakhstan.[7]
Hemp as a crop
In the 1890s hemp was grown throughout Perm Governorate, though only in small amounts for home use. The governorate's southern uezds, Shadrinsk among them, were its granary.[8] Tobolsk Governorate, to the east, had a steppe belt in its Kurgan, Ishim and Tyukalinsk uezds, where peasant crafts included spinning flax, hemp poskon (the fibre of the male plants) and wool, and weaving linen and cloth.[9] Hemp is one of the field crops of Asian origin in the cultivated flora of the Southern Trans-Urals, which takes in Kurgan Oblast and the neighbouring districts of Russia and Kazakhstan.[10]
In February 2019 the oblast government signed a memorandum with the company PromRusKon for a large hemp-processing works in Dalmatovsky District. At the signing, Yuri Mikheev, first deputy director of the oblast's agriculture department, said that hemp had been grown in the Trans-Urals for centuries, to supply the navy with hemp fibre and to make hemp oil in large quantities.[11] By the end of that year the company had not carried out the project.[2]
Farms sowed 5.5 hectares of industrial hemp in 2019. For 2020 the agriculture department expected more than 100 hectares in Makushinsky and Ketovsky districts, for hemp oil and fibre.[2] In 2020 farmers sowed 115.7 hectares in the Makushinsky, Ketovsky, Tselinny and Yurgamyshsky districts. According to the oblast government, the farmers grow registered varieties and hybrids whose content of the active substance is 0.01 to 1 per cent, and the farmers planned to sow about the same area in 2021.[3] In 2021 Sergei Belopukhov, head of the hemp project Roslenkonoplya, named Kurgan Oblast among the regions where most hemp projects were run by small farms with up to 100 hectares under the crop.[12] In 2024 the oblast had about 400 hectares of industrial hemp, which put it among the eight Russian provinces with the largest areas under the crop.[4]
Landrace Bureau sells an autoflowering line, Kurgan Bashkortostan, that it says was collected from feral fields in Kurgan Oblast along the border with Kazakhstan.[13]
Weedy and wild hemp
In the flora of the Southern Trans-Urals, Cannabis ruderalis is an introduced plant that keeps to disturbed ground.[14] Surveys by the oblast's branch of the Russian Agricultural Centre noted it only occasionally in spring wheat.[15] In 2010 the oblast's drug-control service judged the oblast's climate generally unfavourable to drug-yielding plants. It found wild hemp mostly at the edges of villages, on private plots and on abandoned farms.[5] The agriculture department of Petukhovo okrug lists hemp among the weeds that overgrow abandoned arable land.[16]
During Operation Mak in July 2024 a local police officer found hemp growing in one of the oblast's okrugs. With the administration of Shadrinsk okrug, the police mowed the field, about 30 hectares, with farm machinery.[6] In Operation Mak of 20–24 July 2026 police officers surveyed Petukhovo and Chastoozerye okrugs and destroyed patches of wild hemp covering 1,377 m².[17]
Growing Areas
No growing areas documented yet.
Accessions
No accessions documented yet.
Recent news
No news items are recorded for this growing region yet.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Курганская область". Большая советская энциклопедия (in русский) (3rd ed.). Moscow: Советская энциклопедия. Retrieved 24 October 2026.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "В Курганской области резко вырастет площадь полей с коноплей". URA.RU (in русский). 7 May 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2026.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Курганские власти раскрыли планы региона по выращиванию конопли". URA.RU (in русский). 24 March 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2026.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Площади под технической коноплёй в России продолжают расти". OleoScope (in русский). 12 February 2025. Retrieved 24 October 2026.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "В Зауралье стартовала оперативно-профилактическая операция «Мак»" (in русский). ЕАН. 17 May 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2026.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "В Курганской области тракторами выкашивают поля конопли. Видео". URA.RU (in русский). 18 July 2024. Retrieved 24 October 2026.
- ↑ "Ишимская степь". Большая советская энциклопедия (in русский) (3rd ed.). Moscow: Советская энциклопедия. Retrieved 22 October 2026.
- ↑ "Пермская губерния". Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона (in русский). Vol. XXIII. St Petersburg: Brockhaus–Efron. 1898. pp. 329–335 – via Wikisource.
- ↑ "Тобольская губерния". Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона (in русский). Vol. XXXIII. St Petersburg: Brockhaus–Efron. 1901. pp. 375–384 – via Wikisource.
- ↑ Naumenko, N.I. (2019). "Культивируемые виды растений в составе флоры Южного Зауралья". Вестник Удмуртского университета. Серия «Биология. Науки о Земле» (in русский). 29 (2): 190–198. doi:10.35634/2412-9518-2019-29-2-190-198.
- ↑ "Курганское правительство раскрыло секрет о масштабном проекте по выращиванию конопли". URA.RU (in русский). 25 February 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2026.
- ↑ "Плюсы и проблемы выращивания и переработки технической конопли в России". Международный сельскохозяйственный журнал (in русский). Retrieved 24 October 2026.
- ↑ "Kurgan Bashkortostan". Landrace Bureau. Archived from the original on 15 June 2025. Retrieved 21 October 2026.
- ↑ Naumenko, N.I. (2005). "Адвентивный компонент флоры Южного Зауралья". Вестник Удмуртского университета. Серия «Биология. Науки о Земле» (in русский) (1): 3–16.
- ↑ Luneva, N.N.; Tarunin, M.V. (2009). "Видовой состав сорных растений в посевах пшеницы яровой в Курганской области (Южное Зауралье)". Вестник защиты растений (in русский) (4): 22–32.
- ↑ "Отдел сельского хозяйства". Администрация Петуховского муниципального округа (in русский). Retrieved 24 October 2026.
- ↑ Tishchenko, Ekaterina (27 July 2026). "В Курганской области ликвидировали очаги дикорастущей конопли". Область 45 (in русский). РМК. Retrieved 24 October 2026.