Talk:Black Sea Region (Turkey)
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Black Sea Region (Turkey) treats the hemp-growing country of northern Turkey, from Kastamonu to Rize and inland along the Yeşilırmak and Kızılırmak, as one growing region, from the Ottoman dockyard levies to the hemp grown under licence today. Its growing areas are Taşköprü and Vezirköprü.
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Why the region is mapped
- Taştemir (2003) describes the growing areas from Kastamonu to Rize that supplied the Imperial Dockyard, with the Samsun kazas held as ocaklık. Akpınar and Nizamoğlu (2019), Bayram (2024) and Clarke (2023) carry hemp in the same provinces into the 20th and 21st centuries.
- No source gives the region a name of its own. Turkey's Black Sea geographic region (Karadeniz Bölgesi) holds the documented tracts, so it gives the title and the border.
Growing status
- The status is Active: Clarke (2023) reports hemp at Gümüşhacıköy and Vezirköprü in 2000 and in Samsun and Kastamonu provinces since 2015; Aydoğan and co-authors (2020) report licensed growing at Vezirköprü in 2018–19; TRT Haber and Cumhuriyet report hemp at Taşköprü in 2020 and 2022.
How the border is drawn
- The border is the union of the 18 provinces of the Black Sea geographic region in OpenStreetMap (administrative relations 223448 Artvin, 223542 Rize, 223447 Trabzon, 223449 Giresun, 223450 Ordu, 223451 Samsun, 223457 Sinop, 223456 Kastamonu, 223458 Bartın, 223459 Zonguldak, 223455 Karabük, 223460 Düzce, 223461 Bolu, 223453 Çorum, 223452 Amasya, 223424 Tokat, 223541 Gümüşhane, 223446 Bayburt), simplified, about 140,000 km². The geographic region's own edge does not follow province lines; the provinces stand in for it.
- The sources used here document hemp in 16 of the 18 provinces; Artvin and Gümüşhane appear only in Clarke's list of traditional hemp provinces left out of the 1990 licence (p. 13). Düzce and Bayburt carry no growing evidence in them; they are drawn because they belong to the same geographic region. Yozgat, named in some lists with Tokat and Çorum, lies in Central Anatolia and is outside the border.
- The map point (41.0, 35.5) lies between Samsun and Kastamonu.
Sources
- Taştemir (2003), Akpınar and Nizamoğlu (2019), Bayram (2024) and Clarke (2023) were read in full; Aydoğan and co-authors (2020) in the parts on Vezirköprü; Başer and Bozoğlu (2020), Bloomberg HT (2021) and the 1990 regulation as cited on Turkey.
- Taştemir's figures for the Samsun ocaklık (5,612 households, about 5,100 kantar) come from İdris Bostan's study of the dockyard, which he cites; the count for 1643 is given in his note without a separate source.
- Clarke's statements sourced to an unreferenced conversation (hemp depots at Kastamonu, Taşköprü and Germeç; British estimates for Samsun in 1841) are not used.
- Bayram's list of Zonguldak, Karabük, Bolu and Bartın as hemp-growing places cites a local history (Erdoğdu 2021) that was not seen.
Candidate growing areas
- The sources name further tracts that could be mapped as growing areas: the dockyard kazas of Samsun (Çarşamba, Terme, Ünye, with Fatsa in Ordu); Kastamonu's central district and Daday, which with Taşköprü make up the Kastamonu hemp country; Tosya (yearbook of 1310 AH; a few villages in 1933); and Gümüşhacıköy in Amasya (about 500 tonnes in 1939; about 2,500 hectares in 2000).