Küçük Menderes Valley
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| Küçük Menderes Valley | |
|---|---|
| HistoricalGrown here in the past; no recent record either way | |
| Geography | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province/State | İzmir |
| Coordinates | 38.16, 27.85 |
| Landscape | |
| Area | 3,970 km² |
| Terrain | Approximately the districts of İzmir Province in the Küçük Menderes basin: Ödemiş, Tire, Bayındır, Kiraz, Beydağ, Torbalı and Selçuk |
| Growing history | |
| Grown | until 1995[1] |
| Documentation | |
| Appellations | 0 |
| Accessions | 0 |
| Conservation | |
| Populations | none documented yet |
Küçük Menderes Valley is a historical landrace cannabis growing area in İzmir Province, Turkey, mapped on the districts of the basin of the Küçük Menderes river. The Küçük Menderes is one of the watersheds of the Aegean region where hemp was traditionally grown.[2]: 4 The valley towns of Ödemiş and Tire grew hemp, and in 1939 they produced about 1,000 tonnes of it a year between them.[3]: 1233
The tract
Mehmet Taştemir's list of the hemp-growing zones of Anatolia, drawn from agronomy handbooks, has a western zone round İzmir, Ödemiş, Tire and Burdur, where the crop was grown mostly for its fibre and seed.[4]: 4 In 1995 Turhan Baytop wrote that hemp was sown in western Anatolia at Ödemiş, Tire, Burdur and Kütahya.[1]
History
Throughout the 18th century hemp made up about a quarter of the crops of Ödemiş.[2]: 8 At a meeting on the Ottoman ban on sowing held in 1886, it was said that farmers of İzmir and its surroundings, who had sold esrar leaves to merchants carrying them to Egypt, India and China, had lost that income to Greece.[5]: 80–81
Akpınar and Nizamoğlu describe Ödemiş as producing hemp in quantity, but give its output in 1929 as 2,700 kilograms; the kaza of Tire produced 300,000 kilograms that year.[3]: 1230–1231 In 1932 a Soviet commission studied Tire, Ödemiş and Bayındır as sites for a sack factory and for growing enough hemp to supply it.[3]: 1231 The German specialist Tobler, brought in by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1935, was sent with his team to Ödemiş, Tire, Kastamonu, Antalya and Mersin to study flax and hemp growing.[3]: 1232 The ministry's publication of 1939 put the hemp of Tire and Ödemiş at 1,000 tonnes a year, against 3,000 tonnes in Kastamonu.[3]: 1233
Accessions
No accessions documented yet.
Recent news
No news items are recorded for this growing area yet.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Baytop, Turhan (1995). "Esrar". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Türkçe). Vol. 11. İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı. pp. 431–432. Retrieved 19 October 2026.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Clarke, Robert C. (2023). "Anatolian hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation, processing, and production: history and recent observations". Agrociencia Uruguay. 27. e1166. doi:10.31285/AGRO.27.1166.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Akpınar, Deniz; Nizamoğlu, Ahmet (2019). "Osmanlı'dan Cumhuriyet'e Kenevir Üretimi" [Hemp production from the Ottomans to the Republic]. Turkish Studies – Social Sciences (in Türkçe). 14 (4): 1223–1236. doi:10.29228/TurkishStudies.23448.
- ↑ Taştemir, Mehmet (2003). "Karadeniz Bölgesinde Kendir-Keten Üretimi ve Kullanım Alanları (XV. Yüzyıl Sonu - XVII. Yüzyıl İlk Yarısı)" [Hemp and flax production and uses in the Black Sea region (late 15th to first half of the 17th century)]. Türk Kültürü İncelemeleri Dergisi (in Türkçe) (8): 1–24. doi:10.24058/tki.108.
- ↑ Gezer, Onur (2016). Osmanlılarda Keyif Verici Bir Madde: Esrarın Hikayesi [A pleasure-giving substance among the Ottomans: the story of esrar] (MA thesis) (in Türkçe). Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.