Gulkand

Gulkand, a conserve of rose petals and sugar, was also made with ganja or bhang in western and central India. The Indian Hemp Drugs Commission listed gulkhand from Bombay in 1894 among the hemp sweetmeats like majum.^[1]^: 158

In Poona, A. H. Plunkett told the commission, ordinary gulkhand ("a confection of roses and sugarcandy") was mixed with ganja-infused ghee (a sixteenth of a ser of ghee to a ser of the conserve) and eaten. The ghee was made by boiling washed ganja for 12 hours in water with ghee and straining it; the same base went into majum, yakuti and shrikhand.^[2]^: 30 In Berar the essence of ganja, made as for majum, was mixed with sugar and rose flowers or seranti flower.^[3]^: 108

In the town and island of Bombay, the collector J. M. Campbell reported in 1893 that majum, yakuti and gulkand owed their "intoxicating qualities" to bhang or garda (the droppings of ganja) and were eaten chiefly by Hindus from northern India.^[4]^: 95

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Indian Hemp Drugs Commission (1894). Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1893–94. Vol. I: Report. Simla: Government Central Printing Office. ch. VIII, "Extent of use and the manner and forms in which the hemp drugs are consumed", paras. 415–429, pp. 154–158 – via Internet Archive.
↑ Indian Hemp Drugs Commission (1894). "Evidence of Mr. A. H. Plunkett, City Magistrate, Poona". Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1893–94. Vol. VII: Evidence of Witnesses from Bombay, Sind, Berar, Ajmere, Coorg, Baluchistan, and Burma. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India. Bombay witness no. 19, pp. 28–34 – via Internet Archive.
↑ Indian Hemp Drugs Commission (1894). "Memorandum on hemp drugs in Berar". Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1893–94. Vol. III: Appendices, Miscellaneous. Simla: Government Central Printing Office. pp. 107–109 – via Internet Archive.
↑ Indian Hemp Drugs Commission (1894). "Memorandum on hemp drugs in Bombay, by the Hon'ble T. D. Mackenzie, Commissioner of Customs, Salt, Opium and Abkari". Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1893–94. Vol. III: Appendices, Miscellaneous. Simla: Government Central Printing Office. pp. 88–102 – via Internet Archive.

[IHDC1894-I-ch8-Forms-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Indian Hemp Drugs Commission (1894). Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1893–94. Vol. I: Report. Simla: Government Central Printing Office. ch. VIII, "Extent of use and the manner and forms in which the hemp drugs are consumed", paras. 415–429, pp. 154–158 – via Internet Archive.

[IHDC1894-VII-Plunkett-2] Indian Hemp Drugs Commission (1894). "Evidence of Mr. A. H. Plunkett, City Magistrate, Poona". Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1893–94. Vol. VII: Evidence of Witnesses from Bombay, Sind, Berar, Ajmere, Coorg, Baluchistan, and Burma. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India. Bombay witness no. 19, pp. 28–34 – via Internet Archive.

[IHDC1894-III-Berar-Consumption-3] Indian Hemp Drugs Commission (1894). "Memorandum on hemp drugs in Berar". Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1893–94. Vol. III: Appendices, Miscellaneous. Simla: Government Central Printing Office. pp. 107–109 – via Internet Archive.

[IHDC1894-III-Bombay-4] Indian Hemp Drugs Commission (1894). "Memorandum on hemp drugs in Bombay, by the Hon'ble T. D. Mackenzie, Commissioner of Customs, Salt, Opium and Abkari". Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1893–94. Vol. III: Appendices, Miscellaneous. Simla: Government Central Printing Office. pp. 88–102 – via Internet Archive.

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See also

References