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Landrace.wiki
The open database for landrace cannabis populations, their genetics and the traditional knowledge that sustains them.
Landrace.wiki is the comprehensive database for traditional cannabis genetics and their conservation status. Browse our collection of documented varieties, track conservation efforts, and contribute to preserving genetic diversity before it's lost forever.
Featured Accessions
We are witnessing the rapid disappearance of traditional cultivation knowledge and genetic diversity in cannabis. These landrace populations represent thousands of years of natural and human selection, containing unique genetic traits and chemical profiles. Systematic documentation and conservation efforts can serve as a bridge—preserving irreplaceable genetic heritage while supporting traditional communities and advancing our understanding of this remarkable plant.
Explore the Database
ZOM-IND-WEB-0620250031
The Upper Paren 'Lemon' Feral Selection 2025 is a feral landrace cannabis accession collected by Isabella and Éloïse of the Zomia Collective in West Bengal, India.
Bengal Presidency cannabis trade
Bengal Presidency cannabis trade refers to the licensed, excise-regulated commerce in cannabis preparations - ganja, bhang and charas - across the Bengal Presidency under East India Company and Crown rule, from the consolidation of Company authority in the late eighteenth century to Partition in 1947. From the 1790s the colonial state taxed cannabis through a licensing system inherited from Mughal-era *abkari* (excise) practice, and over the nineteenth century it confined licensed cultivation to a single small tract in northern Bengal, the Ganja Mahal around Naogaon, while the manufactured product was distributed and consumed across the Presidency and beyond.
The trade was built on a graduated excise duty levied at the point of issue from licensed warehouses, on a small body of wholesale dealers who carried the drug under transport permit, and on a network of licensed retail shops. It was examined in detail by the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission of 1893–94, which rejected prohibition and recommended that the Bengal model of confined cultivation, warehouse monopoly and high duty be extended to the other provinces of British India. Although it generated significant revenue, the cannabis trade was always far smaller than the opium trade that dominated colonial fiscal policy in Bengal. … read more →
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3 July 2026
| N 19:40 | Research:2025-01-01/Journal article/comparative-analysis-of-cannabis-legalization-in-south-africa-and-zimbabwe-trajectories-commonalities-and diffhist +1,557 Eloise Zomia talk contribs (Create ResearchItem record (South Africa batch 2026-07-03; citation-verified via Crossref)) | ||||
| 19:39 | Cannabis in South Africa diffhist +53 Eloise Zomia talk contribs (Fix bhat2013 citation: publisher DOI 10.5897/JMPR12.973 does not resolve; cite via Academic Journals URL (ref-audit 2026-07-03)) | ||||
| N 18:46 | Research:2008-01-01/Journal article/a-review-of-plants-used-in-divination-in-southern-africa-and-their-psychoactive-effects diffhist +1,313 Eloise Zomia talk contribs (Create ResearchItem record (South Africa batch 2026-07-03; citation-verified via Crossref)) | ||||
| N 18:46 | Research:2013-05-25/Journal article/plants-of-xhosa-people-in-the-transkei-region-of-eastern-cape-south-africa-with-major-pharmacological diffhist +1,945 Eloise Zomia talk contribs (Create ResearchItem record (South Africa batch 2026-07-03; citation-verified via Crossref)) | ||||
| N 18:38 | Research:2019-01-01/Journal article/turning-cannabis-into-cash-agrarian-change-and-lesothos-evolving-experience diffhist +1,277 Eloise Zomia talk contribs (Create ResearchItem record (South Africa batch 2026-07-03; citation-verified via Crossref)) | ||||
| N 18:38 | Research:2009-12-01/Journal article/using-a-political-ecology-framework-to-examine-extra-legal-livelihood-strategies-a-lesotho-based-case-study diffhist +1,417 Eloise Zomia talk contribs (Create ResearchItem record (South Africa batch 2026-07-03; citation-verified via Crossref)) | ||||
| N 18:38 | Research:2006-09-30/Journal article/the-significance-of-the-use-of-ganja-as-a-religious-ritual-in-the-rastafari-movement diffhist +1,221 Eloise Zomia talk contribs (Create ResearchItem record (South Africa batch 2026-07-03; citation-verified via Crossref)) | ||||
| N 18:38 | Research:2012-12-30/Journal article/the-rastafari-movement-in-south-africa-before-and-after-apartheid diffhist +1,275 Eloise Zomia talk contribs (Create ResearchItem record (South Africa batch 2026-07-03; citation-verified via Crossref)) | ||||
| N 18:38 | Research:2017-03-29/Journal article/cannabis-and-tobacco-in-precolonial-and-colonial-africa diffhist +1,361 Eloise Zomia talk contribs (Create ResearchItem record (South Africa batch 2026-07-03; citation-verified via Crossref)) | ||||
| N 18:38 | Research:1996-11-01/Journal article/from-rituals-of-rapture-to-dependence-the-political-economy-of-khoikhoi-narcotic-consumption-c-1487-1870 diffhist +1,709 Eloise Zomia talk contribs (Create ResearchItem record (South Africa batch 2026-07-03; citation-verified via Crossref)) | ||||