Talk:Malana Valley

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Page scope

Malana Valley covers the growing area of the catchment of the Malana torrent, from the Dudhan Glacier to its junction with the Parvati at Jari ("the Malana joins the north bank of the Parbati at Jari", Kangra gazetteer of 1917; a catchment of "about 158 Sq Km", Malana-II design document). The Parvati Valley and the Kullu Valley are sibling growing areas. The appellation has its own page, Malana (appellation); the village of Malana and the charas sold as Malana Cream are to have their own pages (Malana, Malana Cream). The collector's index lists "Malana Valley" as a unit of its own, although the Malana product page gives "Area: Parvati Valley".

Data verification

Quotations below: sources accessed 28 September 2026, except the colonial sources on archive.org (Kangra 1917, Lyall 1874, Harcourt 1871), quoted from the full text as accessed 31 August 2026, and the Associated Press report, the Malana-II design document, Dattamajumdar 2021 and Giroti and Talwar 2010, accessed 27 September 2026. Record source conflicts and decisions on scope here. Keep narrative content on the article.

Discussion

Source discrepancies

The article gives the union of what the sources say, each detail attributed. Where they conflict:

Height of the village. Rosser, as Axelby quotes him: Malana is "perched, at an altitude of just under 9000 feet above sea level" (Axelby 2015, p. 38, quoting Rosser 1956: 1); Axelby's own text: "At 9000 feet Malana is one of the highest Kullu villages" (p. 47). The 2023 foreword quotes the same Rosser line with an editorial bracket, "just under 9000 feet [approx. 2700 meters]". The resurvey: "at the elevation of about 9000 ft. above mean sea level" (AERC 2018, §2.1). The 2021 linguistic profile: "The height of the Malana village is approximately 10,000 ft above sea level" (Dattamajumdar 2021, abstract). The collection documentation: "Malana Village at 2600m", with the village lots at "Altitude: 2400-2800m". The accession pages: 2,494 m for the village fields (ZOM-IND-HIM-1020220023 and 0024). The article gives all five, side by side. Its lead converts the resurvey's figure as "about 9,000 ft (2,740 m)"; the conversion is the article's.
The fire. Axelby: "In November 2008 a devastating fire tore though the Sara Behr half of the village consuming the central temple and the Pujara's house" (2015, p. 54, n. 16). The resurvey gives two dates in two sections: "A fire accident in year 2007 left a large portion of main Malana village gutted and some portion of Jamlu Devta temple was damaged" (§4.5); "with the fire accident in 2007-08, some portion of Jamlu Devta temple was raised to the ground" (§5.2). The article reports Axelby's fire and the resurvey's fire as separate reports and does not say they are one event. See also "Leads not used" below: two reports of January 2008 date a fire to 5 January 2008.
The Cannabis Cup. Axelby 2015: "In 1995 a batch of Malana Cream entered into Amsterdam's prestigious Cannabis Cup was adjudged to be one of the two finest hashish smokes in the world" (p. 52), citing a thctalk.com forum thread and a therealseedcompany.com product page (n. 14). Axelby's 2023 foreword: "In 1994 a batch of 'cream' from Malana was entered into High Times Magazine's prestigious Cannabis Cup where it was judged to be one of the two finest hashish smokes in the world." The Associated Press (2016): the hash "won the High Times Cannabis Cup at least twice". The Tribune (2018): "adjudged as numero uno at Amsterdam". Junaid et al. (2019, p. 32): "Actually, in 1995, Malana Cream was declared one of the best hashish smokes at Cannabis Cup, Amsterdam", with no source given. The resurvey's "In 1955 a batch of Malana cream" (§2.8) sits inside a passage copied from Axelby (see below) and is not used. No primary Cannabis Cup record has been read; the article states each claim with its source.
Which half of the village lies east. Resurvey: "The upper portion called Dhara Behr on the West, and the lower portion called Sara Behr on the East" (§2.1). Axelby's 2023 foreword: "Dhara Behr on the east of the village, and Sara Behr on the west". Axelby 2015 names the two halves and the harchar between them but gives no orientation (p. 42). The article gives both orientations, attributed.
Rosser's census of 1952. Axelby 2015, p. 42: "His census of the 119 households in Malana recorded 116 families organized into eight patrilineal clans". The same article, p. 48, n. 12: "The 116 households of the 1952 survey had, by now, been revised down: Rosser (1956: 48) records a total of 112 households". The 2023 foreword: "Rosser's initial census of households in Malana recorded 116 families organized into eight patrilineal clans". The article gives 119 households and 116 families, notes the 116 households of n. 12 and gives 112 for 1956. Rosser's own texts have not been read.
Jamlu's arrival: three legends. (1) The district administration: "Jamlu was once crossing the Chandrakhani pass with a basketful of Gods, which he opened on top of the pass. A strong breeze dispersed all the Kullu Gods to their present locations". Young (1916) tells a similar story, set on "the Malana pass": "together they carried a casket containing the other gods of Kulu… At the top of the pass they opened the casket". Young also records that "tradition places his original abode at Hamta above Jagatsukh" and that "From Hamta Jamlu went to Jagatsukh and then crossed the pass to Malana". (2) The Kullu tradition in Axelby: Jamlu "reached the Hampta Pass which looks down into Kullu"; "as Jamlu crossed a swing bridge in a basket, the Kullu gods administered a collective kick to the basket which, with Jamlu in it, soared into the air and over the mountains, finally landing in the Malana glen" (2015, pp. 36–37). (3) The Malani legend in the resurvey: "Jamdagni Rishi came from a place named 'Batant' in Spiti valley and settled at Hamta near Naggar in Kullu district. He later came to Malana and defeated Danu" (§1.2). The article gives all three and does not combine them. The district text is about the dispersal of the other gods; it names the pass Chandrakhani, Young names "the Malana pass"; no source read says the two are one pass.
Jamlu's journeys. The resurvey: "'Jamlu Devta' of Malana does not visit any other place and remains at Malana, and this practice is continuing since the beginning" (§2.6.5). Luchesi (2006, p. 74) writes that the deities brought to Vashisht "are said to be obliged to visit at least once a year"; in n. 21 he adds: "There are some exceptions like devtā Jamlū from Malana." Young: Gaiphan comes each year to Barshaini, "where he meets his brother Jamlu. Both gods then proceed to a place two miles distant and bathe together." The Associated Press (2016): a statue of Jamlu was to be taken "on a pilgrimage across the daunting mountain of Rasol to bathe it in holy water in a temple in the neighboring valley". Axelby on the Dussehra: Jamlu "does not enter Kullu town but instead maintains a detached position on the far bank of the river Beas" (2015, p. 36); on the next page he writes of "Jamlu's refusal to attend the Dushera fair" (p. 37). The article reports each, attributed.
Jamlu's temple and image. Young: "Jamlu himself has no temple at Malana"; the one real temple "is not Jamlu's but Naroi's". The resurvey refers to "Jamlu Devta temple" (§4.5, §5.2) and states that "the temple epitomizes his presence, as there is no statue of the Devta" (§5.2). The Associated Press describes "a statue of the village god Jamlu". The article gives Young's statement and the resurvey's temple; the statue appears only in the AP sentence.
The council. Young: eight elders "drawn from the eight wards into which the community is divided", elected "at intervals of three or four years". The resurvey: eight Jatheres "elected from the four Wards of Jamlu Devta", two from each ward, "for a maximum term of three years"; and "For the past 25 years, the Quorum is without Goor and consists of 10 members" (§5.3). The article gives both.
Fines. Axelby found signs in 2013 warning of an "IRS 2500 fine" (p. 53); the resurvey gives "a fine of Rs.3,500 per offence" (§2.6.6). Different dates and different documents: the article keeps them apart.
Population and speakers. Gazetteer of 1897: "two or three hundred inhabitants". Young: 376 "at the time of the last census". Rosser: 119 or 116 households (1952), 112 (1956). Giroti and Talwar (2010): "a census size of 1,101 individuals". Census 2011: 365 households, 1,722 people (Axelby's foreword calls them "365 families"). Resurvey: 317 households, 1,969 people (2017). Speakers of Kanashi: "some 2,000 individuals" (Saxena and Borin 2022); 1,400 "According to archive http://ethnologue.com" (Dattamajumdar 2021). The Linguistic Survey gave another figure, not in the article: "The number of speakers has been estimated for the purpose of this Survey at 980" (1909, p. 442).
The block. The 2011 Census places Malana (012882) in the Naggar community development block; the district's list of gram panchayats files Malana under "Naggar (40 Gram Panchayats)"; the 28 Zomia accession pages store admin_4 = Bhuntar Block (the Real Seed Company and Coco Genes lines store no block); the zila parishad ward notice of May 2025 put the Malana panchayat in one ward with Jari, Kasol and Manikaran, under the Bhuntar block ("विकास खंड भुंतर"). That delimitation was cancelled on a court's direction; the re-delimitation of 18 February 2026 keeps Malana in the same ward without naming a block. Bhuntar Block stands, cited to the two notices. The district's panchayat page lists five blocks (Kullu, Naggar, Banjar, Anni, Nirmand); its development-blocks page lists six, including Bhuntar. No source read dates the Bhuntar block's formation (the state press release that would, no. 26036, could not be reached). The article keeps both sentences.
Harvest season. The collection documentation: "Regional Harvest: October to November". Axelby: the police arrive "in the run-up to the harvest season each September" (p. 56). The 2023 foreword, of the 1970s and 1980s: "During the harvesting season from July to October". The Zomia accession pages that record a window: September to December; the Real Seed Company line, late September to October. The article gives each.
Where Malana Cream comes from. The Associated Press: "a variety of oily hash produced in the village from higher-potency plants with hybrid seeds". IANS (2022): "derived by the locals from the cannabis grown illegally in the surrounding Parvati Valley". The Tribune (2021): "Charas produced at Banjar, Kullu, Manali, Anni and Nirmand areas in Kullu is known as Malana cream". The article reports all three.
Power station capacity. LNJ Bhilwara gives the Malana station as 86 MW; the Canadian Consulting Engineer award text says "85-MW" in its lead and "86-MW" in its feature list. The article uses 86 MW.

Recorded 28 September 2026.

Dependence between sources

The 2018 resurvey copies Axelby 2015 in places, so it is not an independent witness there. Side by side:
- Axelby, p. 54: "The commercial cultivation of cannabis was adopted by the people of Malana at some point in the late 1970s. The climate of the southern foothills of the Himalayas is well suited to growing cannabis and that produced in the Pin Parbati valley is of particularly high quality. Malani accounts tell of an Italian by the name of 'Glenu' who took up residence in the village and taught them how to make charas using the 'hand-rubbed' technique". Resurvey, §2.8: "The commercial cultivation of cannabis was adopted by the people of Malana at some point in the late 1970's. The climate of the southern foothills of the Himalayas is well suited for growing cannabis and the produce in the Pin Parvati valley is particularly of high quality. According to an anecdote, an Italian by the name of Glenu, who took up residence in the village, taught the Malanis how to make charas using the 'hand rubbed' technique".
- Axelby, p. 52: "In 1995 a batch of Malana Cream entered into Amsterdam's prestigious Cannabis Cup was adjudged to be one of the two finest hashish smokes in the world". Resurvey, §2.8: "In 1955 a batch of Malana cream entered into Amsterdam's prestigious cannabis cup, where it was adjudged to be one of the two finest hashish smokes in the world". The resurvey's n. 45 gives the same forum thread as Axelby's n. 14 (as "thetalk.com"); its nn. 43 and 44 follow Axelby's nn. 19 and 20, down to the Indian Express article number "706920".
- Axelby, p. 56: "Malana's cannabis economy is, of course, illegal. The police post on the road down from the village is supposed to prevent the sale and transportation of cannabis resin." Resurvey, §6.34: "Malana cannabis economy is, of course, illegal. The police post on the road down from the village is supposed to prevent the sale and transportation of cannabis resin." The resurvey's nn. 57 and 58 follow Axelby's nn. 22 and 23 (the NDPS Act sentence; "The invader driven off by a swarm of angry bees sent by Jamlu Devta").
- Also close: the resurvey's §2.6.1 sentence on the two behrs ("a complex social system that divides the village territorially into two areas of habitations: Dhara Behr and Sara Behr. The later is more conservative") tracks Axelby p. 42, though it cites Rosser 1955. Rosser 1955 has not been read, so whether both follow Rosser's own words is open.

The article cites the resurvey only for its own findings: its household census, its October 2017 field visit, the council and fines it recorded, its routes and its policy recommendation.

The Linguistic Survey's "isolated" passage is A. H. Diack's. On p. 442 the Survey writes: "According to Mr. Diack, 'the glen is a very deep and narrow one ... The village of Malana is thus very isolated, and to this isolation doubtless is due the preservation of the ancient and curious dialect spoken there'." The quotation opens at "the glen" and closes after "spoken there" (read in Språkbanken's Korp transcription of the DSAL scan). The article credits both this sentence and the "steeply precipitous" sentence to Diack. The sentence is not in Grierson's own voice.
Rosser is read through Axelby. Rosser's 1952 article and 1956 thesis have not been read. Every Rosser quotation on the article comes from Axelby 2015 or the 2023 foreword. Axelby 2015 notes: "To maintain consistency I have rendered Rosser's spelling of 'Kulu' to the contemporary 'Kullu'" (n. 5), so "Kullu tahsil" in the Administration section is Axelby's spelling. The foreword mixes "Kulu" and "Kullu", inside Rosser's quotations as well.
Young 1916. Read in the Tharah Kardu reproduction, which says: "Paper published in the Journal of the Panjab Historical Society, 4 (2), 1916 by George Malcolm Young. The text is reproduced here as it appeared in the journal except for the headings". The author toured Kulu as an official in March 1911; George Malcolm Young the historian was then at the Board of Education in London. The article therefore cites "G. M. Young" and links no page for him. Volume and issue rest on the reproduction's header; the journal's pagination has not been seen. Bracketed insertions such as "[1911?]" are the reproducer's and are not quoted.
Harcourt. The article cites the London edition of 1871 (pp. 64 and 291, from the 2026-08-31 full-text read). Axelby's foreword cites "Harcourt, A.F.P., 1874 ... Lahore: Government Civil Secretariat Press", a printing not read here; whether its pagination matches the London edition is unknown. The Linguistic Survey lists the 1871 London edition among its authorities.
Words given to the right speaker. The Press Trust of India report of June 2026 narrates O. P. Sharma's operations ("Sharma led around a dozen combat and destruction operations in ..."); it does not quote him. The article says "A Press Trust of India report ... stated". The Tribune's 2017 "drug mafia" report concerns "heroin, cocaine and smack"; the article says so.

Recorded 28 September 2026.

Name forms

The article keeps each source's spelling inside quotations and attributions and pairs only the names a source pairs. The collector's index writes "Weling (Wailing) Valley", "Mejigh (Magic) Valley", "Atolang (Atuding)" and "Waichin (Wechin) Valley". The resurvey's six sub-divisions are "Malana, Thosko, Nerong, Dhadon, Magic Valley and Bhelag" (§2.1). The Tribune's 2019 list of cultivation areas has "Bhelang, Thisco, Waichin, Magic, Neeramg" and "Malandar Thach". The PTI report of 2026 has "Magic, Vichin, Pinsu, Thicho, Malander". The accessions record a Tosco field. No source read equates Thosko, Thisco or Tosco, Nerong or Neeramg with Nirang, or Vichin with Waichin, so the article does not. Young's "Rashol" (the village that supplies brides) is kept as written. Dattamajumdar's "Rashol, a mountain pass" is linked to Rasol Pass; her full sentence reads "Malana valley is connected by Rashol, a mountain pass via Nagar, Parbati valley and Chanderkhani pass."

Recorded 28 September 2026.

Decisions on scope

admin_2 = Kullu District: [[Kullu]] is the town.
regional_complex = Hindu Kush-Himalayan: the complex that Portal:Geography lists; the eight appellations then filed under the valley, Pini included, already carried it.
The two Coco Genes lines now store this growing area and appear in the accessions table. No source read ties them to the Real Seed Company or Zomia Collective collections from Malana; see Talk:COC-IND-HIM-0100000004. That note is recorded here rather than on the article.
Jamlu, Kanashi language, Colin Rosser, Narcotics Control Bureau: each is to have a page, and each is linked at its first occurrence.
Block: Bhuntar, see Source discrepancies.
Pini (appellation): its growing area is the Parvati Valley, following the collector's index; the article no longer names Pini. The reasoning is on Talk:Parvati Valley.
Rasol Pass (rev 20502): Dattamajumdar names "Rashol, a mountain pass" in a sentence that does not place it on any track; the resurvey gives the Manikaran–Rasol–Malana track without the word "pass"; the article no longer puts the pass on that track.
Elevation range: the infobox gives the accession range, 2,494 to 3,132 m, not the valley's full relief.
area_extent: left empty. The sources give catchment areas, not a cultivated extent.
Wording: "collection documentation" for the collector's product pages stays family-wide.
Scope: the torrent's catchment; the Parvati page covers the rest of the basin.
Coordinates: 32.08, 77.28, the mean of the accession points (28 of the 29 accessions then in the valley carried a point). It is a map centre, not a named place.
Rainfall: minimum and maximum both 1,250 mm, the resurvey's single figure "as per the conservative estimates" (§2.7).
other_names = Malauna Valley: Lyall's form ("the Malauna valley", 1874).
Kullu Dussehra: to have a page of its own, and linked.
Malana Cream as its own section: it carries the {{Main}} hatnote, which is section-level only.
Named individuals: the article gives no office for the two residents whose property was frozen in 2020. It names Galeno, whom Axelby identifies with "Glenu" and as the author of a 1998 account, whose 2010 arrest the Indian Express reported.
Colonial and orientalist wording stays in quotation marks and is attributed: Harcourt's "curious people", Young's "had been giving trouble", the Survey's "ancient and curious dialect". Young's remark on the "dirtiest clan", the resurvey's "primitive, isolated" and the "hermit" label are not used in the article's voice.

Recorded 28 September 2026.

Accession data

The following discrepancies on the accession pages are recorded here and not yet corrected:

The five Nirang accessions (ZOM-IND-HIM-1020220028 to 0032) and Malana 0026 and 0027 store no elevation; 0026 ('Malndr') also has no coordinates and no conservation priority. The collection documentation gives the Malndr lot as "Altitude: 2600-3000m".
ZOM-IND-HIM-1020250004 stores admin_2 = Kulllu District (three l's), so it drops out of district queries (checked with action=ask, 28 September 2026).
ZOM-IND-HIM-1020250021 still stores regional_complex = Himalayas (protected page).
The accessions table links each Has locality value; Tosco, Nirang, Waichin, Wailing and Atolang are red links (no village page yet).
The collection documentation dates its Malana lots by several seasons ("Malana Village General Population (2012, 2014, 2022, 2023)"); the accession pages store the 2022 harvest only.
The Elevation column of the accessions table prints "m;1meter;1meters;3.28084ft;…" after each figure. Property:Has elevation was changed at rev 20343; the stored unit string had not changed on 28 September 2026.

Recorded 28 September 2026.

Leads not used

Two reports of January 2008 date a fire to 5 January 2008. The Tribune, 6 January 2008, datelined "Malana Barrage (Kullu), January 5": "Over 150 houses and six temples and 'bhandars' (temple stores) of Jamlu Devta ... were destroyed in a fire that broke out around 7.45 am today", with "over 900 villagers" homeless (tribuneindia.com/2008/20080106/main1.htm). Outlook (Namrata Joshi, "Jamlu's Fiery Curse", issue of 26 January 2008 per en.wikipedia; web copy outlookindia.com/society/jamlus-fiery-curse-news-236536): "The fire that swept through Malana on Jan 5 destroyed half the village houses and its four ancient wooden temples". Neither is yet on the article. Neither Axelby (November 2008) nor the resurvey (2007; 2007–08) cites them. If the article adds them, it should give their date beside the other two, not in place of them. The two reports also differ between themselves on the temples ("six temples and 'bhandars'" against "four ancient wooden temples").
The Linguistic Survey's speaker estimate, 980 (1909, p. 442), could join the speaker figures in the Language section.
en.wikipedia's Malana, Himachal Pradesh (rev 1376446538) was used for discovery only; its fire date led to the two reports above. Its sentence that Kanashi has no intelligibility with the Tibeto-Burman languages of Kinnaur carries a citation-needed tag there and is not used.

Recorded 28 September 2026.

Update, 28 September 2026

Added after the page was created. Further decisions that touch this article and are not listed under Decisions on scope above:

Jari: the article links Jari once, in the lead, where the torrent joins the Parvati; its page was created on 28 September (rev 20459).
Rasol: the village is a Locality. The article links Rasol once, in Geography, among the villages the resurvey places east of Malana; the page was created on 28 September (rev 20446).
The Zomia-GrowingRegions access date is 27 September 2026 for the whole Kullu family; the key first carried 31 August 2026. A check on 27 September found no record of the index's Malana Valley tags as of 31 August, so the earlier date did not cover the article's sentence on them. The article's citation carries access-date=27 September 2026.

One reading of the sources to correct:

The Terraces fields on the index: two readings on 27 September. One reading of that day reported that "Malana 'Terraces' Fields" carries no status tag on the collector's index. Other copies read on 27 and 28 September show "Malana 'Terraces' Fields [Eradications Ongoing]". The article follows those copies ("the Terraces fields at Malana"); the first reading should not be relied on.

Recorded 28 September 2026.

Sources not used and why

Language.' The Linguistic Surveys volume on the Pahari languages (vol. IX, part IV, p. 669) says: "Here, except in a few isolated spots such as Malana in Kulu, the language is Indo-Aryan, and belongs to the western Pahāṛī Group" (read in Språkbanken's Korp transcription of the DSAL scan, 28 September 2026). The year of that part was not confirmed, so it is not cited. Two works the Survey lists on p. 442 were not found. One is A. H. Diack's The Kulu Dialect of Hindi (Lahore, 1896), which "Contains a Kanashi vocabulary on pp. 102 and ff." The other is H. C. Fanshawe's note on the language spoken at Malana in Panjab Notes and Queries, vol. i. The Glottolog code kana1288 belongs to Kanasi, a language of Papua New Guinea; no Glottolog entry for Kanashi was found.
An exhibition essay. Virendra Bangroo and Krzysztof Stronski's Malana: Shangrila in the Himalayas (Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, undated) gives "According to the 1961 census, language speakers were 563." It also states that the village "is inhabited by Rajputs only besides two families of Lohars and Julahas". Young ("mainly of Kanets") and Rosser (109 Kanet households of 112, through Axelby) name the caste differently; the resurvey's "all families belong to rajput caste" is on the article. The essay is undated and is not used.
Other works not read or not used. Penelope Chetwode's Kulu: The End of the Habitable World (1972), which en.wikipedia cites for the "oldest democracy" claim and the tale of the Brahmin priest, is not used for any claim. H. A. Rose's glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab, C. G. Bruce's Kulu and Lahul (1914) and Hutchison and Vogel's History of the Panjab Hill States (1933) were not read. Berti (2006) never names Malana or Jamlu. The abstract of Sinclair and Diduck (2000), on the public hearings of 1998 for hydro projects in Kullu district, names no Malana project.
Axelby and Rigaud (2019). "The Hermit Village of Malana: An Update on Community Democracy and the Management of Change in the Himalayas" is a book chapter whose volume was not identified; its full text sits on two SOAS hosts that could not be reached. Its abstract mentions "a devastating fire that tore through the village in 2008". The chapter shares an author with Axelby 2015, so it is not counted as a separate witness to the fire's date.
Read in abstract only. Singh, Chauhan and Singh (2004), a tourism chapter whose abstract says "it examines how the remote tribal village of Malana was taken over by tourism"; Mahendru (2025), a socio-legal paper in a lower-tier journal. Neither is used.
Reputation and seizure reports not used. A Tribune report from Dharamsala of September 2019 ("Malana cream an attraction for foreigners") rests on unnamed sources: "Sources here said charas produced at Malana in Kullu, called Malana cream, is the world famous and many foreigners visited the state for it." Pieces in Homegrown (2021) and the Free Press Journal (2026) were read only through an extraction tool. The Times of India article of 26 August 2013 that Axelby cites (n. 21) sits at a retired address and was not found; thehawk.in refused the request for its 2026 report of a Delhi seizure. The Indian Express report of 2010 that the article cites for Galeno's arrest also gives an estimate that "total cannabis production this year was around 60,000 kg" without naming who made it; that figure is not used.
Hydropower figures not used. A Power Technology profile gives "Malana is a 109MW hydro power project" but 86 MW elsewhere on the same page. Annual generation is 350 GWh for LNJ Bhilwara and Power Technology against 370 GWh in the Canadian Consulting Engineer. Malana-II's commissioning is 2011 in Global Energy Monitor (citing the Central Electricity Authority) against 2012 in Power Technology; its owner is Greenko in the first against Everest Power in the second. The article describes Malana-II only from Everest Power's design document of 2007 and gives no annual generation, commissioning year or current owner.
The footbridge. The article follows the Tribune's bylined report: the footbridge between Malana and Pohal. A post embedded in the Tribune Web Desk report of the same flood names the sole footbridge to Baladhi village of the Manikaran valley: "कुल्लू जिला में भारी बारिश के कारण मणिकर्ण घाटी के बलाधी गांव के लिए एकमात्र पैदल पुल मलाणा खड्ड में बह गया". Whether the two name one bridge is not known.

Recorded 28 September 2026.

How the border is drawn

Where this border meets the Western Himalayas border or the border of a neighbouring growing area, the two share one line, drawn once.