Northern Mongolia
More actions
| Northern Mongolia | |
|---|---|
| ActiveCannabis last recorded here in 2018 | |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 48.56, 105.47 |
| Country | Mongolia |
| Provinces/States | Selenge Province,Darkhan-Uul Province,Orkhon Province,Bulgan Province,Töv Province,Ulaanbaatar,Khövsgöl Province |
| Area | 178,000 km² |
| Growing history | |
| Dated accessions | 1974–2018 |
| Conservation | |
| Populations | none documented yet |
Northern Mongolia is a cannabis growing region in Mongolia that covers the provinces on the Selenga and its tributaries the Orkhon and the Tuul, from the Russian frontier south to Ulaanbaatar. Wild hemp, which Mongolian officials call зэрлэг олс (zerleg ols), grows there. A national programme against drugs adopted in 2000 described it as fairly widespread in Orkhon, Selenge and Darkhan-Uul.[1] In 2014 a Mongolian newspaper wrote that, by officials' account, wild hemp grew commonly in the borderlands where Buryatia, in Russia, meets Selenge and the other northern provinces.[2]
Geography
The region is drawn on whole administrative units: the provinces (aimags) of Selenge, Darkhan-Uul, Orkhon, Bulgan and Töv, the capital, Ulaanbaatar, and the Ikh-Uul and Tarialan districts (sums) of Khövsgöl Province, on the upper Selenga. It covers about 178,000 km². To the north it follows the frontier with Russia; across it lies the Transbaikal growing region, which takes in the lower Selenga in Buryatia. The region takes in the valleys of the Selenga, the Orkhon, the Kharaa and the Tuul, the cities of Darkhan and Erdenet, and the steppe of Töv around the capital.
Wild stands
O. V. Zhurba gathered hemp on the bank of the Tuul near Songino, on the western edge of Ulaanbaatar, in August 1974.[3] On 23 August 1980 I. A. Gubanov gathered it on dry slopes on the right bank of the Orkhon, 6 km above the settlement of Orkhon and 30 km south of the town of Bulgan. His label begins Северная Монголия ("Northern Mongolia").[4] On 28 June 2007 a party of seven botanists, among them R. V. Kamelin and Sh. Dariymaa, collected it on the floodplain of the left bank of the Selenga in Ikh-Uul district, at 1,002 m.[5] Seed gathered in Baruunburen district of Selenge in September 2018 was grown in a growth chamber at the Institut Botànic de Barcelona, where plants from it are kept as vouchers.[6]
Hemp, recorded as Cannabis ruderalis, is also a weed of wheat. It made up 1.2 per cent of the weeds counted in wheat fields at the Nart-1 centre in Bornuur district of Töv,[7] and it is one of the 19 weed species of the wheat fields of Tsagaannuur district in Selenge.[8] The annotated checklist of the native flora of Mongolia published in 2022 counts Cannabis sativa among the country's non-native plants.[9]
Gathering and destruction
The programme of 2000 counted the easy access to wild hemp in Orkhon, Selenge and Darkhan-Uul among the causes of drug crime in Mongolia.[1] A research report of 2016 described court cases in which people had gathered cannabis-type plants growing in Darkhan-Uul, Selenge and Töv, dried them, used them and sold them or gave them to others.[10] In October 2014 the police detained three men who had picked about 10 kg of the plant in Töv; two of them came from Darkhan-Uul. The police said that they had studied where the plant grows in Mongolia and had all its growing places under watch.[11]
In March 2014 a Mongolian news site reported that cannabis grew in parts of Selenge, Darkhan-Uul and Töv, and that the police had asked their ministry to destroy "the wild hemp around Selenge, where it grows most in our country".[12] The police proposed to destroy the stands of the northern region at the same time as Russia destroyed its own across the border.[2] The police had begun destroying the wild plant in 2013 with their own means. In 2014, with money from the justice ministry and with the help of the emergency agency, the border troops and the inspection agency, they destroyed it again in Darkhan-Uul, Selenge and Orkhon, this time with machinery rather than by hand.[13]
A police criminology report on a survey made in 2017 states that from 2013 to 2017 the police spent 360.2 million tögrög destroying wild hemp on 1,497.8 hectares, counted with repeats, in the provinces where its range had been established: Töv, Darkhan-Uul, Selenge, Orkhon, Bulgan, Khentii, Dornod and Khövsgöl. No destruction took place in 2016, when the money was not settled.[14] In 2022 the wild plant was destroyed on 1,924.36 hectares in 11 provinces and the capital.[15]
Growing Areas
No growing areas documented yet.
Accessions
| Accession ID | Name | Collected | Locality | Area |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gubanov 3857 (1980) | Gubanov 3857 herbarium specimen, Orkhon river south of Bulgan (1980) | Right bank of the Orkhon, 6 km above the settlement of Orkhon, 30 km south of Bulgan | ||
| IBB-MNG-SEL-0920180001 | 2018 IBB Mongolia 9 Baruunburen Reproduction | |||
| Kamelin 437 (2007) | Kamelin 437 herbarium specimen, Selenga floodplain, Ikh-Uul, Khövsgöl (2007) | Floodplain on the left bank of the Selenga, 7 km above the mouth of the Dzulegtiyn Gol | ||
| Zhurba 1855 (1974) | Zhurba 1855 herbarium specimen, Tuul bank near Songino, Ulaanbaatar (1974) | Bank of the Tuul near Songino |
Recent news
No news items are recorded for this growing region yet.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Хар тамхи, мансууралтай тэмцэх үндэсний хөтөлбөр(Засгийн газрын 2000 оны 34 дүгээр тогтоолын 1 дүгээр хавсралт), 2000.Mongolia.Retrieved 20 October 2026.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Энхтуяа, Э. (11 March 2014). "Мансуурагчид хойд хил рүү "довтлох уу?"". Өдрийн шуудан (in монгол). Retrieved 12 October 2026 – via iKon.mn.
- ↑ "Specimen MW0175120: Cannabis sativa L." Moscow Digital Herbarium. Moscow State University. Retrieved 12 October 2026.
- ↑ "Specimen MW0175108: Cannabis sativa L." Moscow Digital Herbarium. Moscow State University. Retrieved 20 October 2026.
- ↑ "Specimen 1100011370: Cannabis sativa L." ALTB Herbarium. Altai State University. Retrieved 20 October 2026.
- ↑ "Occurrence 5797306385: Cannabis sativa L." GBIF. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 12 October 2026.
- ↑ Azzaya, T.; Otgonsuren, M. (2014). "Result of application of herbicides for controlling the weeds in wheat field". Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 13 (2): 80–83. doi:10.5564/mjas.v13i2.522.
- ↑ Azzaya, T.; Otgonsuren, M. (2018). "The herbicide effect for controlling the weeds in wheat field". Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 23 (1): 26–29. doi:10.5564/mjas.v23i01.1017.
- ↑ Baasanmunkh, S.; Urgamal, M.; Oyuntsetseg, B.; et al. (2022). "Flora of Mongolia: annotated checklist of native vascular plants". PhytoKeys. 192: 63–169. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.192.79702.
- ↑ Хар тамхи, мансууруулах, сэтгэцэд нөлөөлөх бодистой холбоотой гэмт хэргийн нөхцөл байдал: судалгааны ажлын тайлан (Report) (in монгол). 2016.
- ↑ "Канабис дахин илэрлээ". police.gov.mn (in монгол). Цагдаагийн ерөнхий газар. 8 October 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2026.
- ↑ "Мансууруулах өвсний устгалд яагаад мөнгө зарцуулахгүй байна вэ?". 24 цаг (in монгол). 12 March 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2026.
- ↑ Заяа, Б. (25 July 2014). "Б.Батзориг: Зэрлэг олсны ургамал түүх нь хар тамхины хэргийн 50 хувийг эзэлдэг". Зууны мэдээ (in монгол). Retrieved 12 October 2026 – via iKon.mn.
- ↑ Хүүхэд, өсвөр насныхны мансууруулах эм, сэтгэцэд нөлөөт бодист автах эрсдэл, түүнээс урьдчилан сэргийлэх арга хэмжээ: криминологи судалгааны тайлан (PDF) (Report) (in монгол). Retrieved 20 October 2026.
- ↑ Гэмт хэргээс урьдчилан сэргийлэх ажлын 2022 оны үйл ажиллагааны төлөвлөгөөний биелэлт (PDF) (Report) (in монгол). Ulaanbaatar. 8 December 2022. p. 15.