Minusinsk Basin
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| Minusinsk Basin | |
|---|---|
| ActiveGrown here in 2000 or later | |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 53.76, 92.11 |
| Country | Russia |
| Provinces/States | Krasnoyarsk Krai,Khakassia |
| Elevation | 200–700 m |
| Area | 52,000 km² |
| Primary Rivers | Yenisei,Abakan,Tuba |
| Primary Mountains | Western Sayan,Kuznetsk Alatau,Eastern Sayan |
| Growing history | |
| Earlier names | Minusinsk krai, Minusinsk okrug |
| Conservation | |
| Populations | none documented yet |
The Minusinsk Basin (Минусинская котловина) is a cannabis growing region in the south of Krasnoyarsk Krai and in Khakassia, Russia, on the upper Yenisei between the Western Sayan, the Abakan Range and the spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau and the Eastern Sayan.[1] In the 19th century the Khakas grew hemp and flax for thread, cloth and vegetable oil; in 1877 the Sagai steppe duma had 24 desyatinas (about 26 hectares) under hemp.[2] Wild hemp grows near dwellings, on fields and in the steppe.[3][4]: 28, 200 In the four years to 2013 about 1,400 hectares of wild hemp were found each year in Ust-Abakansky and Bogradsky districts of Khakassia, about 80 per cent of the area found in the republic, and in 2026 the Minusinsk police issued orders to destroy wild hemp on 51.8 hectares.[5][6]
Geography
The Minusinsk basin, also called the Khakas–Minusinsk basin, is the southern part of the large intermontane Minusinsk depression. Its floor is a rolling plain cut by river valleys, between 200–300 and 700 metres above sea level. The main rivers are the Yenisei and its tributaries the Abakan, the Oya and the Tuba, and the basin holds many fresh and salt lakes. The climate is sharply continental and dry in places: 240–270 mm of precipitation falls a year in the centre of the basin and up to 450–500 mm at its edges, almost two-thirds of it in summer, and the growing season lasts about 150–160 days. Stony and feather-grass steppes on chestnut soils and southern chernozems cover the lowest ground in the centre, among them the Abakan, Koibal and Uibat steppes; towards the edges forb and meadow steppes alternate with groves of birch, Siberian larch and sometimes pine. The basin is one of the main farming districts in the mountains of southern Siberia, and all its arable soils have been ploughed.[1]
A regional newspaper put the basin's area at 19,000 km², about 210 kilometres long and 100 wide, in 2024.[7] The region takes in the districts of the basin on both sides of the border between Krasnoyarsk Krai and Khakassia, cut to the land below 700 metres. To the north lies the Krasnoyarsk Krai growing region, and across the Western Sayan to the south the Central Tuvan Basin growing area.
Hemp as a crop
In the 19th century the Khakas planted hemp and flax on manured ground where haystacks had stood, and used them for thread, cloth and vegetable oil. In 1877 the Sagai steppe duma had 591 desyatinas under spring rye, 569 under oats, 470 under barley and 196.5 under wheat, with 24 desyatinas of hemp and 9 of flax.[2] The Sagai duma lay in the valley of the Abakan, in the foothills of the Sayan and the Kuznetsk Alatau. Cattle-keeping farmers in the forest-steppe of the Sagai and part of the Kyzyl administrations wore homespun hemp and flax clothing along with sheepskin coats, and herders and hunters in the taiga of the western Sagai and Kyzyl lands wore homespun hemp robes.[8]
Mordvin settlers came to the south of the Yenisei governorate from the last quarter of the 19th century, and most of them settled in the Minusinsk okrug. The settlers grew rye, barley, peas, millet, flax and hemp, and they introduced flax- and hemp-oil pressing to the area. In 1897 Idrinskaya volost had villages of Mordvins, and in 1904 and 1911 settlers from Mordovia founded the villages of Nikolaevka and Cheremshanka in Kuraginskaya volost.[9]: 83
Wild and weedy hemp
Hemp grew near dwellings and in the steppe in many parts of the Minusinsk okrug in the years before 1886, when a sheet of it collected there by Klemens and Pisarev was given to Moscow University; it flowered in July.[3] In June 1914 Henrik Printz found hemp among the weeds of the small fields at Askiz, scattered along the edges of fields, by roads and near settlements, on the Abakan steppe and along the road between Minusinsk and Ust-Abakansk.[4]: 28, 200 A sheet he gathered between Askiz and Abakansk that month is held by the Natural History Museum of the University of Oslo.[10]
In the Pribaitak meadow steppe, a narrow belt across Krasnoturansky, Idrinsky and Kuraginsky districts, hemp is frequent round Krasnoturansk, Idrinskoye, Turan and Kuragino and on the shore of the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir. It grows on steppe and degraded meadows, in birch and pine woods, by roads and on waste ground, and is abundant, in places forming thickets.[11]: 68, 153 In the Shushensky Bor national park, in Shushensky District, hemp is an alien plant spreading over disturbed ground.[12] Hemp grew on the banks of the Minusinskaya channel of the Yenisei at Minusinsk in 2020–2023,[13] and it is an invasive plant in every part of Abakan whose flora was surveyed.[14] In 2013 weedy hemp was one of the commonest weeds in the spring wheat and maize of a farm in Beysky District of Khakassia.[15]
In 2012 herbicide spraying destroyed 1,051 hectares of wild hemp in Khakassia. In 2013 municipalities, the police and other agencies found 265 patches covering 1,950 hectares. Ust-Abakansky and Bogradsky districts had had the largest areas of wild hemp in the previous four years: about 1,400 hectares a year were found there, about 80 per cent of the area found in the republic.[5] In 2019 the police ordered the head of the Belyi Yar village council, in Altaisky District, to destroy a patch of wild hemp.[16] In January–October 2020, 641 patches of wild hemp covering more than 532 hectares were destroyed in the republic, and Yevgeny Lysykh, head of the drug-control department of the republic's police, said that users mostly gathered hemp from small patches inside villages and towns, on their own or abandoned homesteads and on waste ground.[17] In the first seven months of 2021, 487 patches covering more than 453 hectares were found, with the greatest area in Ust-Abakansky and Bogradsky districts and in Abakan.[18] In July 2026 the police ordered the local administration of the aal of Domozhakov, in Ust-Abakansky District, to destroy a patch of wild hemp.[19]
On the Krasnoyarsk side, the largest area of weedy hemp that the krai office of the federal agricultural inspectorate, Rosselkhoznadzor, found in the seven districts of the south of the krai in 2018 was in Minusinsky District, 69.6 hectares.[20] In August 2018 inspectors found 31.8 hectares of farmland in the district overgrown with elm, poplar, wormwood, nettle and hemp, and the owner was fined.[21] In the first stage of Operation Mak the Minusinsk police found 29 patches of wild hemp covering 39.9 hectares in 2025, and 21 patches in 2026, when they issued orders to destroy the plants on 51.8 hectares.[6] In June 2026 Rosselkhoznadzor found 1.2 hectares of hemp in Idrinsko-Krasnoturansky okrug.[22]
Growing Areas
No growing areas documented yet.
Accessions
No accessions documented yet.
Recent news
No news items are recorded for this growing region yet.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kirillov, M.V. "Минусинская котловина". Большая советская энциклопедия (in русский) (3rd ed.). Moscow: Советская энциклопедия. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Земледелие традиционное" (PDF). Национальная библиотека имени Н. Г. Доможакова (in русский). Retrieved 26 October 2026.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Specimen MW0062812: Cannabis sativa L." Moscow Digital Herbarium. Moscow State University. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Printz, Henrik (1921). The Vegetation of the Siberian-Mongolian Frontiers (the Sayansk Region). Contributiones ad floram Asiae interioris pertinentes. Vol. 3. Trondhjem: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab – via Nasjonalbiblioteket.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Доклад о наркоситуации за 2013 год" (in русский). Правительство Республики Хакасия. 2 March 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "В Минусинском округе обнаружили порядка 52 га дикорастущей конопли". Среда 24 (in русский). 9 July 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
- ↑ Petrov, Ivan (27 February 2024). "Минусинская котловина – природная аномалия и колыбель древнейших цивилизаций Сибири". Наш Красноярский край (in русский). Retrieved 26 October 2026.
- ↑ "Хакасы". Сибирь: этносы и культуры (Народы Сибири в XIX в.) (PDF) (in русский). Vol. 1. Moscow; Ulan-Ude: Институт этнологии и антропологии им. Н. Н. Миклухо-Маклая РАН; Восточно-Сибирская государственная академия культуры и искусств; Бурятский научный центр. 1995. p. 137.
- ↑ Barantseva, N.A. (2022). "Адаптация мордовских переселенцев на юге Енисейской губернии (последняя четверть XIX – первая треть XX вв.)". Проблемы социально-экономического развития Сибири (in русский) (3 (49)): 82–88. doi:10.18324/2224-1833-2022-3-82-88.
- ↑ "Occurrence 1701816772: Cannabis sativa L." GBIF. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
- ↑ Antipova, E.M.; Enulenko, O.V. (2014). Флора Сыдинской предгорной и Прибайтакской луговой степей (PDF) (in русский). Krasnoyarsk: Красноярский государственный педагогический университет им. В. П. Астафьева. ISBN 978-5-85981-870-9.
- ↑ Andichekova, A.I.; Lagunova, E.G. (2018). "Географический анализ синантропной флоры национального парка «Шушенский бор» в пределах Минусинской котловины Шушенского лесостепного округа". Форум молодых ученых (in русский) (12-1 (28)): 343–346.
- ↑ Golovanenko, A.A. (2023). "Флора побережья протоки Минусинской". Вестник Хакасского государственного университета им. Н. Ф. Катанова (in русский) (4 (46)): 10–16.
- ↑ Chebotareva, O.P.; Antipova, E.M. (2021). "Инвазионные виды во флоре г. Абакана". Вестник Бурятского государственного университета. Биология, география (in русский) (4): 36–44. doi:10.18101/2587-7143-2021-4-36-44.
- ↑ Gradoboeva, N.A.; Elizaryev, V.V.; Vlasova, N.V. (2014). "Защита сельскохозяйственных культур от сорняков, вредителей и болезней препаратами фирмы «Август»". Вестник Хакасского государственного университета им. Н. Ф. Катанова (in русский) (9): 126–130.
- ↑ "Выехав на семейный скандал в селе Белый Яр, участковый изъял у гражданина марихуану и гашишное масло". МВД по Республике Хакасия (in русский). Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
- ↑ "Антинаркотическая комиссия Хакасии подвела итоги 2020 года" (in русский). Правительство Республики Хакасия. 10 March 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
- ↑ "В Хакасии обсудили меры профилактики и борьбы с наркоманией" (in русский). Правительство Республики Хакасия. 2 September 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
- ↑ "Более 200 граммов марихуаны изъято у жителя Хакасии". Абакан 24 (in русский). 1 July 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
- ↑ "Минусинский район зарос коноплей". Среда 24 (in русский). 2 November 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
- ↑ "В Минусинском районе оштрафован собственник сельхозугодий". Среда 24 (in русский). 27 February 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
- ↑ "В ходе операции «Мак» специалисты Россельхознадзора выявили в Красноярском крае более 734 га дикорастущей конопли на сельскохозяйственных землях" (in русский). Управление Россельхознадзора по Красноярскому краю. 1 July 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2026.