Talk:Vietnam
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Page scope
Vietnam is the Country page for Vietnam. Its cannabis material rests mainly on Marie Alexandrine Martin's chapter of 1975, Tran Huy Thai's paper of 2011, a herbarium sheet of 1938 from Phú Quốc, the Sa Pa fibre population recorded in 2023, and the Law on Drug Prevention and Control with the Penal Code. Its accessions are listed on the page.
Data verification
Record source conflicts, dating problems and sources not used here. Keep narrative content on the article.
Discussion
Infobox fields
- Legal status. "Illegal" with 2021, on the Law on Drug Prevention and Control No. 73/2021/QH14 (passed 30 March 2021, in force 1 January 2022), the framework statute that produces the current status and that replaced Law No. 23/2000/QH10. The year follows the dedicated drug-control statute rather than the Penal Code. Dated to first prohibition instead, the field would read 2000.
Sources
- Martin 1975 covers Cambodia, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam; its content is set out on Ethnobotanical Aspects of Cannabis in Southeast Asia (1975), and the page's Martin statements are taken from it. Crévost and Lemarié are quoted through Martin and carry no reference of their own, as on Laos. Martin calls the chapter's social-attitudes material "predominantly from Cambodia", so it is not extended to Vietnam.
- Turner, Bonnin and Michaud 2015 (Frontier Livelihoods, chapter on Hmong textile trades) is paywalled and has not been read; nothing on the page is drawn from it beyond its title.
- The Muller sheet. GBIF codes the 1938 sheet from Phú Quốc (MNHN P06781059) to Cambodia; the page files it under Vietnam, where Phú Quốc lies.
- Tran Huy Thai 2011. The paper is in Vietnamese with an English summary. The printed page dates the issue December 2011 (Tạp chí Sinh học 33(4): 54–56); the journal's site, under its later name Academia Journal of Biology, and Crossref give 9 May 2012. The English summary reads "30 constituents were identified"; the Vietnamese text gives 37 compounds, and its table has 36 rows numbered 1 and 3 to 37. In the table humulene and cis-α-bisabolene both stand at 6.01 per cent.
- Prices. Martin gives prices for the Lao and Cambodian trade in 1973. No price series, production estimate or seizure series for Vietnamese cannabis has been found.
Source discrepancies
- When the Hmong brought textile hemp. Two readings of Crévost and Lemarié give different centuries.
- Martin (1975, p. 73), citing their Catalogue des produits de l'Indochine in the Bulletin économique de l'Indochine (1919–1921, p. 116): "According to the authors, the meo, from China, would have imported textile hemp north of the Annamese chain in the seventeenth century."
- Cambodia, citing the Catalogue des produits de l'Indochine, tome II (1919, pp. 117–119): imported from China "in the course of the last century".
- The catalogue's French text has not been compared with either. The page gives Martin's date, attributed to her report, as Laos does.
Open questions
- Article 251 after 2025. The Penal Code as enacted puts dealing in 5 kg or more of cannabis resin, or 75 kg or more of plant material, in a tier of twenty years, life or death. On 25 June 2025 the National Assembly removed capital punishment for eight offences, with effect from 1 July 2025. The Death Penalty Information Center's list names illegal drug transport (Article 250), not dealing under Article 251. Whether Article 251 kept its capital tier needs the consolidated amended Code, which has not been found; a news paraphrase should not settle it.
- The Sa Pa fibre crop. The 2021 Law prohibits cultivating narcotic plants without qualifying the crop's purpose, and Article 247 turns on plant counts and prior sanction, not on use for fibre. The Sa Pa accession (ZOM-VIE-SAP-1120230001) gives the cultivation at Tả Phìn as "Legal cultivation permitted". No instrument authorising an upland fibre exception has been found.
- Herbarium sheets. The Tonkin sheets labelled as textile plants that Martin reports in the Paris herbarium have not been traced to individual specimens.
- Religious and cultural use is a section stub. The ritual and funerary use of hemp cloth among the Hmong and the Dao is the obvious ground; Turner, Bonnin and Michaud's chapter is the place to start. Vietnamese practice should not be inferred from the Cambodian or Lao material.
Statements removed and why
- Theses in the article's voice: "two cannabis traditions that belong to different landscapes and different histories", "The country's names for the plant record both traditions", "The cannabis record divides along the same grain", "The fibre crop is Hmong", "That textile economy is still working", "That is the pattern of a working textile crop rather than a remnant" and "The gap between them is the record".
- That Martin found cultivation "concentrated" at Châu Đốc: Martin says it "was important" there.
- "The wiki's one living Vietnamese accession", "the colonial botanical record begins to reach the wiki", "Two Vietnamese accessions are documented here" and the conservation summary built on them: statements about the wiki's holdings.
- That the upland fibre crop is "selected for stem": not in the Sa Pa accession, which was also generalised to the whole crop.
- "The standing scholarly treatment" (Turner, Bonnin and Michaud) and "The one chemical description of Vietnamese material located for this article" (Tran Huy Thai): rankings, the second resting on the page's own search.
- That Martin found Lao cultivation greater "along the river and closer to Vietnam": her sentence is in the Cambodian paragraph.
- That the crop at Châu Đốc was grown for smoking, and that the buyers of the Vietnamese resin preparation were mostly foreign: Martin says neither. She says cultivation "is important in Chaudec" and that the preparation "is smoked mostly by foreigners".
- That humulene was among the oil's four largest components: Tran Huy Thai names the major constituents, and in his table humulene ties with cis-α-bisabolene.
- The paragraphs on Article 251 after 2025 and on the fibre crop's legal position: open questions, now under Open questions.