Talk:Bhangolu
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Page scope
The page treats bhangolu, the seed of cultivated hemp parched and eaten with parched grain in Kulu, as it appears in Alexander Anderson's report of 1880. It also covers the hemp seed eaten with parched grain in the gazetteer of 1897 and the place of the seed among the uses of hemp in Kulu that the same two sources describe. The leaf preparations and the hand-rubbed resin have their own pages, Bhang and Charas.
Data verification
Record source conflicts, dating problems and sources not used here. Keep narrative content on the article.
Discussion
Sources
- Anderson's evidence (Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, vol. V, Punjab witness no. 10, pp. 377–380) is cited from the page images of the Wellcome Collection copy, the scan behind archive.org b32222920_0005. His numbered answers are on pp. 377–379. The report he attached, headed "Memo. as to the restrictions on cultivation of hemp for production of bhang and charas" and answering Financial Commissioner's Circular No. 13 of 1880, is on pp. 379–380. The report carries no signature or date of its own; its date rests on that heading and on Anderson's answer 7 ("a report submitted by me in 1880 when Assistant Commissioner of Kulu"). The bhangolu passage is on p. 379 and the sentence on the seed as "a mere accident" on p. 380.
- The gazetteer of 1897 (Diack, published 1899) is cited from the page images of the copy held by the Archaeological Survey of India and digitised by the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. The cited passages are on pp. 2–3 (the six waziris and the boundaries of Rupi), p. 3 (kothis), p. 32 (food), p. 34 (the infusion drunk at fairs in Waziri Rupi) and p. 84 (hemp on the Jalori ridge). The scan repeats pp. 32 and 33.
- The word does not occur in the OCR text of the commission's report (vol. I). Its para. 111 takes its figure for the hemp area of Kulu, "about 200 acres", from Anderson's report; that is the report's 204 acres of spontaneous growth, not its 72 acres under cultivation.
Where the sources disagree
- Whether the seed is a drug. Anderson calls bhangolu the only part of the cultivated plant used in Kulu "as a drug" and reports it said to warm the body and to affect the eyes "as does charas". The commission, writing of the seed separated from the Bengal ganja crop, says that "the seeds are not narcotic, and they are sometimes eaten" (vol. I, para. 225, p. 87). The two passages concern different crops and places; the article reports Anderson's account as his.
Not used
- Rathore and colleagues (2018), on the uses of wild hemp in the Manikaran valley, say in their abstract that the seeds flavour foods such as siddu and aaksalu. The paper is not used because it concerns wild rather than cultivated hemp and a different use. Nothing connects it to the food of 1880.
- No dictionary or source read gives the word's derivation, so the article gives none.
Open items
- Anderson's Seoraj and Seorajis read as a spelling of Saraj, the southern tahsil of the gazetteer of 1897, but neither source read sets the two names side by side. The article therefore keeps his spelling and does not equate them. A source giving both forms would settle it.
- No later use of the word was found in the commission's report and evidence volumes, the gazetteer of 1897 or a web search.