Talk:Antri
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The name
The sources speak of "Gwalior ganja" and of cultivation in "the Gwalior State". A page called Gwalior would be taken for the city or the district, so the area is named after Antri, the tahsil, village and railway station the sources name for the crop. Shivpuri (the Sipri of the sources) and Kolaras are inside the area.
Why the area is mapped
- Gopal Ram's memorandum (Hemp Drugs Commission report, vol. III, pp. 42–43): ganja sown as a kharif crop in the tahsils of Antri, Sipri and Kalaras; 250 bighas in Antri and 253 in Kolaras in the last season, Sipri estimated at about 300.
- The Commission's report (vol. I, paras. 143 and 146): 265 bighas in the Antri pargana, cultivation "extensive in Ujjain and Sipri"; about 400 acres in the State, of 540 acres of regular cultivation it could establish in Central India.
- Stoker's memorandum (vol. III, p. 29): Gwalior ganja despatched by rail from Antri.
- Witnesses of 1893–94 (vol. V): H. O. W. Robarts of Jhansi (witness 32) and Mahomed Hassein of Lucknow (witness 253).
- The Imperial Gazetteer of India (1908, vol. XII, p. 429): hemp grown in quantity round Gwalior city for ganja and bhang.
- Since 2000: Patrika, 14 February 2025: three ganja fields at Umargarha (Karakheda), Pichhore police station, Shivpuri district.
Growing status
Active: the 2025 Shivpuri report is of standing ganja fields. The colonial evidence runs from the Commission's inquiry of 1893–94 to the gazetteer of 1908. No source read for this page says when the State's licensed crop ended or how it relates to the fields raided today.
How the border is drawn
- The border is the union of two districts in OpenStreetMap, Gwalior (administrative relation 1973950) and Shivpuri (1973956), simplified: about 14,800 km² in one part.
- The two districts stand for the units the sources name. Mahomed Hassein places the Antri tahsil in "Pargana Gurd" and Gopal Ram places Kolaras in "district Narwar"; the Gwalior State's district table of 1902–03 lists Gwalior Gird and Narwar. The old tahsil boundaries were not found, so the present districts are used.
- Ashoknagar, Datia and Guna districts are left out. The map point (25.57, 77.91) is a central point of the border.
Source conflicts
- Where the seed came from. Gopal Ram writes that Ujjain and Khandwa seed was always sown in Antri, because Antri seed did not answer. Robarts had heard that Antri grew the plant almost entirely for seed and supplied nearly all the seed for ganja in the State. Mahomed Hassein says that the seed of self-grown plants of Ujjain and Malwa was gathered for sowing in Gwalior. The article gives all three.
- The figures. Gopal Ram gives 250 bighas for Antri, 253 for Kolaras and an estimate of about 300 for Sipri, whose return had not come in. The Commission repeats the three figures as reported and, from its own inquiry, gives 265 bighas for Antri.
- Satie Ram and Jagan Nath, contractors of Agra (vol. V, witness 250), name Jhansi with Antri and Sipri as places the ganja is grown; Robarts, the Jhansi excise officer, had never seen the plant growing in his district. The article follows Robarts.
After 1894
- I. C. and R. N. Chopra (Bulletin on Narcotics, 1957) list Madhya Bharat among six states where cultivation was still allowed in 1956, with 71 hectares, and name no district. No source read here places any of those hectares in Antri, so the article leaves the figure out.
- The Central India State Gazetteer Series (C. E. Luard, 1908) volume on Gwalior is the likeliest source for the tahsils after 1894. It could not be read for this page.
Since 2000, outside the border
Patrika (18 November 2024) reported 216 plants at Khanpur, under Piprai police station in Ashoknagar district, and wrote that ganja cultivation had been caught in the village many times in earlier years; ETV Bharat (28 February 2025) reported 29 plants at Jalalpur in the same district. Ashoknagar is outside the border.
Accessions
No accession on the wiki lies inside the border (checked 21 October 2026).
Sources
- Hemp Drugs Commission, 1894. Vol. I paras. 143, 146, 215, 290–291, 330–331 and 705; vol. III pp. 29 and 42–43; vol. V witnesses 32 and 253; all read on the page images. The OCR misprints Robarts's witness number (82 for 32), Mahomed Hassein's name and Gopal Ram's figures.
- Imperial Gazetteer of India (1908), Gwalior State, read on the Digital South Asia Library page image.
- District administration of Shivpuri, "History" page, read on 21 October 2026.