File:Cannabis-domestication-study-estimates.svg

Where and when published studies place the domestication of cannabis, in two panels.

The map marks the broad region each study names with a dashed shaded area: East Asia (Ren et al. 2021), Europe (McPartland, Guy and Hegman 2018), and South Asia and Central Asia (McPartland and Small 2020). The areas are drawn for landrace.wiki to show the regions named; none of the studies gives a boundary.

The timeline gives the dates the studies state, in years before present:

• about 12,000 for the split of the ancestors of hemp and drug types from the group Ren and colleagues call Basal cannabis, with a 95% confidence interval of 6,458 to 15,728 years (Ren et al. 2021);
• about 4,000 for the formation of hemp and drug types (Ren et al. 2021, whose main text gives no interval for this date);
• 7,000 to 5,000 for the beginning of cultivation in Europe: Rull's (2022) dating of the pollen and archaeological estimates of McPartland and colleagues;
• no date from McPartland and Small (2020).

Own work, drawn for Portal:History. Land outline from Natural Earth, 1:50m land (public domain).

• Ren, G.; Zhang, X.; Li, Y.; Ridout, K.; Serrano-Serrano, M.L.; Yang, Y.; Liu, A.; Ravikanth, G.; Nawaz, M.A.; Mumtaz, A.S.; Salamin, N.; Fumagalli, L. (2021). "Large-scale whole-genome resequencing unravels the domestication history of Cannabis sativa". Science Advances. 7 (29) eabg2286. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abg2286.
• McPartland, John M.; Guy, Geoffrey W.; Hegman, William (2018). "Cannabis is indigenous to Europe and cultivation began during the Copper or Bronze age: a probabilistic synthesis of fossil pollen studies". Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 27 (4): 635–648. doi:10.1007/s00334-018-0678-7.
• Rull, Valentí (2022). "Origin, early expansion, domestication and anthropogenic diffusion of Cannabis, with emphasis on Europe and the Iberian Peninsula". Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics. 55 125670. doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125670.
• McPartland, J.M.; Small, E. (2020). "A classification of endangered high-THC cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. indica) domesticates and their wild relatives". PhytoKeys. 144: 81–112. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.144.46700.