Talk:Manipur Hills
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Manipur Hills is a Growing Area in the Indo-Burman Range growing region. It treats cannabis grown in the hill districts of Manipur: where the sources place it, how it is grown and sold, and the drives against it. The state as an administrative unit belongs at Manipur, and the Ukhrul district of 1983–2016 has its own appellation page at Ukhrul (appellation).
Data verification
Check the main page for the sources behind each statement. Discuss the area's extent, its sites and the news items that belong to it here.
Discussion
Why the area is on the map
- Sources that place cannabis cultivation in Manipur's hill districts:
- Raman, Economic and Political Weekly (16 August 2014): a case study of a village in Ukhrul District, where ganja cultivation "for decades has been the mainstay of livelihood for many families". Only the opening of the paper is free to read; the village, the sample and the page numbers are not given there.
- Raman, Ganja Cultivation and Hill Economy (2016): the publisher's description calls ganja cultivation a significant economic activity in Ukhrul District "for quite a few decades".
- Eastern Mirror (27 January 2014): 23 acres of ganja and 22 of poppy destroyed in the interior of Ukhrul District.
- The Federal (12 October 2020): cannabis "cultivated mainly" in Churachandpur, Tengnoupal, Ukhrul, Kamjong, Kangpokpi, Chandel and Imphal East districts.
- ANI, in The News Mill (17 February 2025): about 6,000 plants on three hectares between the Saikulphai and Vangai ranges of Pherzawl District. NE India Broadcast carried the same report the same day.
- People's Archive of Rural India (Sitlhou, 2024): a Kangpokpi farmer who grew ganja in the early 1990s.
- No cultivation report was found for Senapati, Tamenglong or Noney districts.
How the border is drawn
- The border is a proxy: the ten hill districts of Manipur (Ukhrul, Kamjong, Senapati, Kangpokpi, Tamenglong, Noney, Churachandpur, Pherzawl, Chandel and Tengnoupal), from their OpenStreetMap administrative relations. These are the five hill districts of 1983–2016, each divided in two in December 2016. The outline measures about 20,200 km²; hills cover 90 per cent of the state's 22,327 km².
- The Imphal valley districts are left out, so the outline is drawn in two parts, north and south of the valley. The Federal lists Imphal East among the districts where cannabis is mainly grown, and a seed seller describes household plots in the valley, but no report names a site there.
- The sources name cultivation in seven of the ten districts. The other three are included because the area is drawn on the hills as a whole, as the state divides them.
Growing status
The status is Active: the Ukhrul study and destruction reports date from 2014, The Federal from 2020 and the Pherzawl operation from 2025. No source read says that growing in the hills has ended.
Where the sources disagree
- Police figures. The Federal cites a Manipur Police report of 19.51 acres of cannabis destroyed in 2019 alone. A police official quoted by IANS in April 2023 put the total for 2017–2022 at about 20 acres. Both are given on the page; neither source names the districts.
- The district list. The Federal gives no source for its list of seven districts, which includes the valley district of Imphal East.
- Curing.' The Federals account of the traditional curing method (semi-drying the buds, binding them in cloth for a day, then curing them) matches the wording of a seed seller's catalogue entry for a Manipur line. The page attributes it to The Federal.
- The 2014 figures. The Narcotics Control Bureau's 23 acres for Manipur in 2014 equals the Ukhrul operation reported by Eastern Mirror in January 2014; no source says the two are the same, and the page gives them separately.
Sources not used
- The full text of Raman's 2014 paper (paywalled) and of his 2016 book (not seen).
- A seed seller's 2023 blog post on ganja in Nagaland and Manipur, and forum and strain pages for an "Ukhrul" line, could not be reached.
- Imphal Review of Arts and Politics (September 2020), on a police meeting with 16 Kangpokpi village chiefs about poppy and cannabis: covered by the statewide figures on the page.
- Reports that name only poppy, or that treat poppy and ganja together without separating them, are not used for cannabis.