Fakir

Fakir, also spelled faqir, is a term for a religious ascetic associated with Sufism and with wider South Asian traditions of renunciation. The word means “poor person”, expressing poverty as a spiritual discipline. In South Asia, the name has also been used by Hindu and Christian practitioners; its use crosses religious boundaries.^[1]^: 13–14

Bengali traditions

In Bengal, fakirs include devotional practitioners and singers associated with the teachings and songs of Lalon Shah. The names Fakir and Baul overlap: some practitioners use both, while others distinguish them.^[2]^{: 109, 117–119}

References

↑ Dobe, Timothy S. (2015). Hindu Christian Faqir: Modern Monks, Global Christianity, and Indian Sainthood (PDF). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199987696.
↑ Cantú, Keith (2019). "Islamic Esotericism in the Bengali Bāul Songs of Lālan Fakir". Correspondences. 7 (1): 109–165.

[Dobe2015-1] Dobe, Timothy S. (2015). Hindu Christian Faqir: Modern Monks, Global Christianity, and Indian Sainthood (PDF). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199987696.

[Cantu2019-2] Cantú, Keith (2019). "Islamic Esotericism in the Bengali Bāul Songs of Lālan Fakir". Correspondences. 7 (1): 109–165.

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