Talk:Malanje

Talk

Discussion for: Malanje • View • Links • Related changes

Use this page for verification notes, disputes, and action items. Keep narrative content on the article.

Page scope

Malanje treats Malanje Province, in north-central Angola, as a cannabis growing area: the fields reported there from 2011 to 2026, Welwitsch's collection at Pungo Andongo, the herbarium sheet of 1903 and the healers' survey of Malanje municipality. Angola's law on cannabis, the national figures and the history of the names liamba and diamba are treated at Angola. The city of Malanje is a separate subject; a page on it would take the title Malanje (city).

Data verification

Record source conflicts, dating problems and sources not used here. Keep narrative content on the article.

Discussion

Why Malanje is a growing area

• Voz da América (29 June 2011), reporting a police burning in Malanje city, says that liamba is grown across almost the whole province and names Malanje, Calandula, Caculama, Cacuso and Kambundi-Katembo as the places of its growers. Voz da América (15 December 2015) names Malanje, Cacuso, Calandula, Luquembo, Quirima and Kambundi-Katembo as the main growing areas. Voz da América (6 August 2020) counts Cahombo among the places with high levels of production.
• Fields destroyed or put out of use are reported at Cacuso (2015), in Kiwaba Nzoji (2021), in Quela (2025) and in Xandel and Kambundi-Katembo (June 2026, two fields, one of 15 ha and one given as 17 ha).
• Earlier evidence: Welwitsch's specimen no. 6275c from Pungo Andongo (Hiern 1900, p. 994), and the LISC sheet LISC055471 gathered by J. J. Almeida at Malanje in 1903 and labelled Malange (Cultivada).
• The status is Active: the reports describe cannabis grown in the province from 2011 to 2026. The destruction of fields does not change it, since no source says that growing has ended.

Extent and border

• The map border is approximate. It is drawn on Malanje Province as mapped in OpenStreetMap (about 86,800 km², in one part). The infobox area is rounded from it. Wikidata gives the province 97,602 km²; the difference is not explained by the sources read, and the drawn border is the one used.
• The province is the unit the sources point to: the 2011 report says the plant is grown across almost the whole province, and the places named since lie in at least nine of its municipalities, from Cacuso and Pungo Andongo in the west to Quela, Kiwaba Nzoji and Cahombo in the north and east. No source read maps the fields, so the border could not follow them more closely.
• The province was not divided in Angola's administrative reform of 2024, which split Moxico and Cuando Cubango. The municipality of Xandel named in the reports of 2026 appears in Wikidata as Xandele, a commune of Malanje.
• The point in the infobox is the centre of the provincial border, not a field.

Sources

• Voz da América (2011, 2015, 2020). All three are by Isaías Soares and were read in full. In each, the sentence naming the growing places is in the reporter's voice, after the words of a police officer; the page attributes it to the report, not to the police. The 2011 figures (15 people detained for growing cannabis, 113,116 plants of narcotics seized) are those of the head of the narcotics department for an unstated period; the photo caption spells his name differently from the text, so the page does not name him.
• Novo Jornal (17 June and 1 July 2026). Read in full. The second report gives 17 ha only in its headline; the text says that another field was put out of use. Both reports spell the municipality Cambundi-Catembo; the page uses Kambundi-Katembo, the form of the 2011 and 2015 reports.
• Barroso et al. (2026). Read in full. Cannabis appears twice: in Table 1 (p. 7), as liamba, introduced, collected from cropland; and in Table 2 (p. 11), with its uses. The survey covers Malanje municipality only.
• Hiern (1900). Read on the Commons scan. For Pungo Andongo the entry gives only "In fl. and fr. No. 6275c."; the notes on cultivation are given for Golungo Alto and Huíla, and the remark that the plant is grown in all the interior districts is general (pp. 994–995).

Sources not used

• Reports of cannabis seized or burned without a field being destroyed are not used as evidence of growing: the burning of more than 200 kg by the SIC in Malanje (RNA, 24 November 2022) and the 125 kg found in raffia sacks in the report of 1 July 2026. The tonne seized in Kiwaba Nzoji in 2020 is cited for the report's remark on Cahombo.
• A Lusa report of June 2023 (VerAngola) names Malanje among the provinces where liamba use is most marked; it is about use, not growing.
• An ANGOP report of May 2013 on a burning at Quéssua, near Malanje city, and an ANGOP report on the SIC destroying a field could not be retrieved.
• Livingstone's Missionary Travels (1857), which passes through Cassange, has no passage on cannabis at Cassange; its cannabis passages concern the Zambezi and places further east.