Talk:Leaf morphology
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Leaf morphology covers the foliage leaf of Cannabis: its parts, how it changes along the plant, how leaflet shape differs between lineages and with growing conditions, the leaf characters scored in descriptor lists, leaf-shape mutants, and the leaf distortion caused by pests, pathogens and herbicides. Leaf hairs and glands are treated at Trichome biology, short stature at Dwarf and semidwarf Cannabis and the "sativa" and "indica" labels at Sativa vs Indica.
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Discussion
Sources
The leaf descriptions of Cannabis, Humulus and the family Cannabaceae are cited from the Flora of China (vol. 5), the Flora of North America (vol. 3) and the Flora of Pakistan as served by eFloras on 11 October 2026. The journal papers cited are in the publishers' or PubMed Central texts, and their details match their Crossref records. The page also cites the UPOV test guidelines TG/276/2 (2025) and version 4 of the USDA hemp handbook (2025). The FS-tp2 patent is cited from its Google Patents page. Serkov and Klimova (2016) write in Russian and Mishchenko (2011) in Ukrainian; the English renderings in the article are paraphrases. Mishchenko's paper is cited with the year printed on its first page (2011); the online posting that carries its DOI is dated 2016.
Where the sources disagree
- Timing of short days in the White Widow study. Hesami and colleagues (2023) put the change to short days after leaf 12 in the text and from leaf 13 in a figure caption, and give the long day as 16 h of light in the Methods and 18 h in the Results. The article gives the switch as after the twelfth node, from the text, and does not state the day length.
- Serration in var. indica. McPartland and Small (2020) describe the central leaflets of var. indica as finely serrate in their comparison table and as having moderately coarse serrations in the variety description. The article does not state serration for either variety.
- Compound leaf in the Flora of China key. The key to genera calls the leaves of Cannabis pinnately compound; the genus and species descriptions call them palmately compound. The article follows the descriptions.
- Which leaf surface carries which hairs. The floras place the cystolith hairs on the upper surface. Of the recent papers on leaf trichomes, one finds the claw-shaped cystolith hairs only on the upper surface, one finds sessile glandular and cystolithic trichomes denser on the lower surface in CBD-dominant plants, and one finds non-glandular hair density on the two surfaces to differ between two hemp cultivars. The article gives the flora descriptions only.
Not used
- Forum posts, social-media posts and seed-retail pages on named lines with webbed or fern-like leaves, including their origin stories and inheritance ratios. The article describes these lines only through the peer-reviewed review of Hesami and colleagues (2022) and the FS-tp2 patent.
- Hillig (2005), Anderson (1980), Small and Cronquist (1976), Dayanandan and Kaufman (1976) and Livingston and colleagues (2020): their full texts were not obtained, and nothing is taken from them through other authors' summaries.
- Abstracts only: Hesami and colleagues (2024, Botany Letters) on the expression of TCP4, YAB and AGO5 in simple and compound leaves, and Vengala and colleagues (2026) on leaf phenotypes after EMS mutagenesis of hemp.
- Zhatov (1971), Migal (1991) and Migal and Rukhlenko (2007) were not obtained; what the article says of the Soviet and Ukrainian inbreeding and mutagenesis work comes from the two reviews it cites and is attributed to them.
- Mishchenko's list of chemically induced forms includes plants with "three-leaved stem nodes" (трилистими стебловими вузлами). The phrase can mean three leaves at a node or leaves of three leaflets, so it is not used.
- No description of a single-leafleted (unifoliate) mutant was found in the sources read; the article treats single-leaflet leaves only as part of the normal series at the base and top of the plant.
- The venation of the leaflet: the floras read do not describe it beyond a single word in one transcription, and no other source describing it was found.
- Babaei and colleagues (2024) and Petit and colleagues (2020) were checked for leaf measurements; they report none beyond leaflet counts used to define growth stages. The leaf values behind Chen and colleagues (2022) are in a supplementary table that was not obtained, so only the direction of the difference is given.
Images reserved in the article
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File:Cannabis-leaf-shape-variants-diagram.jpg(Leaf-shape mutants), a diagram to be drawn of five forms in a row: an ordinary palmate leaf of seven serrated leaflets; a webbed leaf whose leaflets are joined into one blade; a leaf of three hairless leaflets with reduced serration; a palmate leaf whose leaflets each bear many narrow secondary lobes along both sides of the veins; and a stem node with three leaves arising together.