Talk:Kyaukse
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Kyaukse treats Kyaukse district, south of Mandalay, as a historical cannabis growing area of the Dry Zone: the illicit ganja that officials reported to the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission in 1893–94. The present district as an administrative unit belongs to Kyaukse District; the town has no page yet.
Data verification
Record source conflicts, dating problems and sources not used here. Keep narrative content on the article.
Discussion
Why the area is on the map
- Three witnesses in the Commission's Vol. VII place cultivation in Kyaukse district: J. E. Bridges, Commissioner of the Eastern Division (a policeman from Ingon convicted of cultivating ganja, p. 377); Major B. A. N. Parrott, Officiating Commissioner of the Southern Division (plants seen in Kyaukse district, a little in 1888–89, p. 380); and Major Peile, Inspector-General of Police (a seizure of cultivated ganja at Kyaukse, grown round the police station, p. 392).
- The Commission's report (Vol. I, para. 137) names Kyaukse among the four districts where the cultivation was perhaps most prevalent.
- Whether Bridges's case and Peile's are the same case is not settled by the evidence; both concern the police, and neither gives a date.
Growing status
The status is Historical. The evidence dates from 1888–89 to 1893–94; no later source read reports cannabis grown in Kyaukse, and none says that growing there ended. The first year, 1888, is Parrott's, and he gave it with a hedge ("in 1888-89, I think"). No last year is set: Bridges's case is "recent" but undated.
Ingon
Bridges's "Ingon" has not been identified with a present village or village tract. The town of Kyaukse is used for the map point.
How the border is drawn
- The border is Kyaukse District in OpenStreetMap (relation 5996512), about 3,200 km², the figure in the infobox. The district now holds Kyaukse, Sintgaing and Myittha townships; Tada-U Township, now a district of its own in OpenStreetMap, is not included.
- The witnesses speak of "Kyaukse district" in the 1890s. How far that district's boundary matches the present one has not been checked against a source; the present district is the nearest unit.
- The border is not drawn from accession or news points.
Sources
- Hemp Drugs Commission, 1894. Vol. VII read in the OCR text, with each Kyaukse passage checked line by line; Vol. I, paras. 136–138 and 692–695, read in the Wellcome Collection's OCR text.
- Khin Thein Oo's rainfall study of the Dry Zone (2016), read in full.
- Gazetteers. Scott and Hardiman's entry for Kyaukse district (Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States, Part II, vol. I, 1901), which covers its crops in detail, and the statistical B volume of the Burma Gazetteer for Kyaukse (1913) were searched in their OCR texts; neither mentions hemp, ganja or cannabis. They are not cited, and they say nothing about whether the growing of the 1890s went on.
- Not yet read. The Burma Gazetteer A volume for Kyaukse.