Talk:Bursa
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Bursa treats the country around Bursa as a historical cannabis-growing area, for esrar in the 19th century and for hemp fibre into the 1930s. It does not cover the city of Bursa as a place.
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Discussion
Why the area is mapped
- Baytop (1995), summarising Mongeri (1864): the İzmit, Bursa and Mosul areas led in the amount and quality of esrar hemp, and makers came to them at the end of May.
- Gezer (2016, pp. 81–82): a document arguing for growing esrar for export around Gemlik, İnegöl and Kirmastı; Cuinet's figure of 71,100 kg of hemp a year in Bursa.
- Clarke (2023, p. 4): Zhukovsky found a drug type at Bursa in 1925. Akpınar and Nizamoğlu (2019, pp. 1230–1233): land fit for hemp in İzmir and Bursa, Tobler's study of Bursa in 1937, small-scale hemp in Bursa in 1939.
- Bouquet (1951) is not evidence of growing on its own: "the hashish of Brusa" is a trade name in his text, and the growing vilayets are unnamed.
Growing status
- The status is Historical.
- First grown: 1864, the year of Mongeri's study, which Baytop places in the 1860s. Last grown: 1939, the year of the Ministry of Agriculture publication that lists small-scale hemp in Bursa. These are the earliest and latest years in which a source describes the crop as grown, not the years it began or ended: Mongeri writes in 1864 of growing in the 1860s, and the 1939 publication describes small-scale production in the present tense.
How the border is drawn
- The border is Bursa Province in OpenStreetMap (administrative relation 223463), simplified, about 12,500 km²; the figure includes the coastal water inside the province's administrative boundary. Gemlik, İnegöl and Mustafakemalpaşa (Kirmastı) all lie in it. The sources give Bursa and these three places; the province is the smallest modern unit that holds them all.
- The İzmit area, which Baytop names with Bursa, is outside the border.
- The map point (40.19, 29.06) is the city of Bursa.
Sources
- Gezer (2016) was read in chapter 4 in full; Baytop (1995), Akpınar and Nizamoğlu (2019) and Clarke (2023) were read in full; Bouquet (1951) was read in its passages on Turkey, the Balkans, Egypt and North Africa.
- Cuinet's La Turquie d'Asie, vol. IV (1894), p. 16, could not be read; the 71,100 kg figure is given as Gezer cites it. Gezer's summary does not settle whether Cuinet's figure is for fibre hemp or for the drug, or for which kazas.
- Mongeri's article in the Gazette Médicale d'Orient (1864) was not read. The description of the making of esrar is Baytop's summary of it, and the article keeps it at Baytop's scale, for the leading areas together.
- Gezer also cites files of 1900–1901 on cannabis grown secretly among the gardens of the Cedid nahiye of Pazarköy kaza, and on a kaymakam of Pazarköy who tolerated it for money. Gezer does not say which Pazarköy this was. A kaza of that name in the Bursa sancak is the town now called Orhangazi, but that identification is not in the source, so the article does not use the files.
- The document on Gemlik, İnegöl and Kirmastı is undated in Gezer's account. It comes after the inquiries of 1886–1887 and before a file of 1308 AH (1891) in his narrative.