Research:2010-04-01/Report/afghanistan-cannabis-survey-2009
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The survey of cannabis cultivation in Afghanistan that the Ministry of Counter Narcotics and UNODC carried out in 2009, which its authors describe as the first systematic one in the country. It rests on interviews with village headmen and farmers between July and September 2009, focus groups on resin yield in over 45 villages, a yield observation study in January 2010 and the interpretation of 128 very high resolution satellite images. It estimates 10,000 to 24,000 ha of cannabis and 1,500 to 3,500 tonnes of resin, from which the report calls Afghanistan the world's largest producer of cannabis resin, and finds cultivation in 17 of the 34 provinces, its centre having moved from the north to the insecure south since 2005. The report describes the resin powder, garda, and its first, second and third grades, lists the local variety names farmers gave (Mazari the most common, at 58 per cent) and covers prices, the usher tax and farmers' reasons for growing or giving up cannabis. Small-scale cultivation, such as in kitchen gardens, was not covered. Bradford and Mansfield (2019) question the claim of world leadership and the survey's mixed methods.
CountryAfghanistan
Recorded terms
Terms from the report are recorded on the pages about them:
| Term | Meaning | Place | Year | Where in the report | Recorded on |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balkhi garda | the garda from the Northern region, with more resin and no cannabis leaves | Afghanistan | 2,009 | p. 22: "The garda from the Northern region (Balkhi garda) contains more resin without the mixture of cannabis leaves"; p. 23: "It is also known as Jooshi or Balkhi garda." | Charas |
| Balkhi hashish | another name for Jooshi hashish | Afghanistan | 2,009 | p. 25: "This product is called Jooshi hashish (charas)." … "Jooshi hashish is also known as Balkhi hashish or Sherak-i-Mazar (milk of Mazar)." | Charas |
| Jooshi garda | the first garda of the Northern region, processed in the traditional way | Afghanistan | 2,009 | p. 23: "The first garda in the Northern region processed in this traditional way is considered to be the best quality and to contain a high proportion of cannabis resin. It is also known as Jooshi or Balkhi garda." | Charas |
| Jooshi hashish | a greenish brown hashish made from Jooshi garda | Afghanistan | 2,009 | p. 25: "This product is called Jooshi hashish (charas)." … "Jooshi hashish is also known as Balkhi hashish or Sherak-i-Mazar (milk of Mazar)." | Charas |
| Sherak-i-Mazar | milk of Mazar; another name for Jooshi hashish | Afghanistan | 2,009 | p. 25: "This product is called Jooshi hashish (charas)." … "Jooshi hashish is also known as Balkhi hashish or Sherak-i-Mazar (milk of Mazar)." | Charas |
| charas | hashish made from garda | Afghanistan | 2,009 | p. 22: "Many cannabis farmers sell garda (resin) to traders but some also further process it into hashish, which is locally called “charas”." | Charas |
| first garda | the best quality, with the highest proportion of resin | Afghanistan | 2,009 | p. 22: "Based on the quantity and quality of resin, garda is categorized as first garda, second garda and third garda." … "The first garda is considered to be the best quality since it contains the highest proportion of resin." | Charas |
| garda | the powder obtained by threshing and sieving the harvested and dried cannabis plants | Afghanistan | 2,009 | p. 6, note 3: "Garda is the local term used in Afghanistan for the powder obtained by threshing and sieving the harvested and dried cannabis plants." | Charas |
| second garda | a garda grade below first garda | Afghanistan | 2,009 | p. 22: "Based on the quantity and quality of resin, garda is categorized as first garda, second garda and third garda." | Charas |
| third garda | a garda grade below second garda | Afghanistan | 2,009 | p. 22: "Based on the quantity and quality of resin, garda is categorized as first garda, second garda and third garda." | Charas |