Kyaukse
More actions
| Kyaukse | |
|---|---|
| HistoricalGrown here in the past; no recent record either way | |
| Hierarchy | |
| Growing Region | Dry Zone |
| Geography | |
| Country | Myanmar |
| Province/State | Mandalay Region |
| District | Kyaukse District |
| Coordinates | 21.61, 96.13 |
| Landscape | |
| Area | 3,200 km² |
| Terrain | Plains of the Dry Zone south of Mandalay; approximately Kyaukse District |
| Growing history | |
| Grown | from 1888[1] |
| Documentation | |
| Appellations | 0 |
| Accessions | 0 |
| Conservation | |
| Populations | none documented yet |
Kyaukse is a historical cannabis growing area in Kyaukse District, Mandalay Region, Myanmar, in the Dry Zone. Three officials who gave evidence to the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission of 1893–94 reported ganja grown in Kyaukse district after the British had prohibited it. The Commission named Kyaukse among the districts of Burma where secret cultivation was perhaps most prevalent.[2]
Setting
The district lies at the eastern edge of the Dry Zone. The eastern part of Kyaukse Township, with parts of Madaya and Singu, receives more than 35 inches (890 mm) of rain a year, the wettest band of the zone.[3]
Cultivation under the prohibition
British Burma prohibited the sale and cultivation of ganja in 1873. After the annexation of Upper Burma the excise law was extended there in 1888.[4][5]
Major B. A. N. Parrott, Officiating Commissioner of the Southern Division, had seen plants in the Thayetmyo and Kyaukse districts. He thought he saw a little growing in Kyaukse district in 1888–89 and believed it was grown to make ganja.[1] J. E. Bridges, Commissioner of the Eastern Division, wrote that in a recent case in Kyaukse district a policeman from Ingon had been convicted of cultivating ganja and the sergeant of his police station of abetting the offence.[6] Major Peile, the Inspector-General of Police, told the Commission of a seizure of cultivated ganja at Kyaukse; in that case, he thought, "they were growing it round the police station itself".[7]
The Commission concluded that a few plants were still grown in secret in Burma and that prosecutions sometimes followed, but that the practice was on the whole kept in check in the settled districts. Of those districts it named Thayetmyo, Meiktila, Kyaukse and Mandalay as perhaps the ones where the cultivation was most prevalent.[2]
Accessions
No accessions documented yet.
Recent news
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See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Indian Hemp Drugs Commission (1894). "Evidence of Major B. A. N. Parrott, Officiating Commissioner, Southern Division". Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1893–94. Vol. VII: Evidence of Witnesses from Bombay, Sind, Berar, Ajmere, Coorg, Baluchistan, and Burma. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India. Burma witness no. 4, p. 380 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Indian Hemp Drugs Commission (1894). Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1893–94. Vol. I: Report. Simla: Government Central Printing Office. ch. IV, "Extent of cultivation, and its tendency to increase or decrease", paras. 136–138, pp. 52–54 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ Khin Thein Oo (2016). "Spatial Analysis of Rainfall Variation in Dry Zone of Myanmar". Yadanabon University Research Journal. 7 (1) – via Myanmar Education Research and Learning Portal.
- ↑ Indian Hemp Drugs Commission (1894). Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1893–94. Vol. I: Report. Simla: Government Central Printing Office. ch. XVI, "Provincial systems examined", paras. 692–695, pp. 338–342 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ Indian Hemp Drugs Commission (1894). "Evidence of Mr. K. G. Burne, Deputy Commissioner, Mandalay". Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1893–94. Vol. VII: Evidence of Witnesses from Bombay, Sind, Berar, Ajmere, Coorg, Baluchistan, and Burma. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India. Burma witness no. 7, pp. 381–382 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ Indian Hemp Drugs Commission (1894). "Evidence of Mr. J. E. Bridges, Commissioner of the Eastern Division". Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1893–94. Vol. VII: Evidence of Witnesses from Bombay, Sind, Berar, Ajmere, Coorg, Baluchistan, and Burma. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India. Burma witness no. 3, pp. 377–380 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ Indian Hemp Drugs Commission (1894). "Evidence of Major Peile, Inspector-General of Police". Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1893–94. Vol. VII: Evidence of Witnesses from Bombay, Sind, Berar, Ajmere, Coorg, Baluchistan, and Burma. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India. Burma witness no. 20, p. 392 – via Internet Archive.