Research:2024-03-15/Journal article/business-as-usual-cannabis-legalisation-and-agrarian-change-in-zimbabwe

` records, ingested via `landrace-wiki-research-item-author` from the strongest leads in

[`Source_TalkingDrugs_Gomes-2026_global-south-extractive-cannabis.md`](Source_TalkingDrugs_Gomes-2026_global-south-extractive-cannabis.md).

- Staged drafts — NOT deployed.**

- Citation verification (Crossref canonical + Semantic Scholar abstracts).** Both DOIs verified; every field

below matches the canonical record. Two corrections vs the secondary source's transcription: - The Zimbabwe paper is by **Rusenga, Klantschnig, Carrier & Howell** — **not Duvall** (the TalkingDrugs

 piece merely cited it). Confirmed via Crossref.

- The Duvall "OpenEdition 17599" lead resolves to **EchoGéo `10.4000/echogeo.17599`** (2019).

- Dedup** — both **create-new** (0 hits on titles / authors / "Rusenga" / "canna-colony"). **Chris Duvall is

not yet on the wiki** — this is his first record.

- Place** — Zimbabwe paper is place-anchored → emits `country=Zimbabwe` + `Zimbabwe`

(Zimbabwe is not in `context/INDEX.md`; place-as-field, no `context/zimbabwe/` yet). The Duvall paper is

- continent-scale (Africa-wide)** → no geographic SMW (no single-country anchor; Africa is not a country in

the geo hierarchy), place stated in the summary.

- Source-URL notes** — Duvall/EchoGéo is open access (article + PDF both resolve 200). The Zimbabwe paper's

publisher page returns 403 to bots (Taylor & Francis paywall); the DOI is Crossref-verified, so the tandfonline URL is the correct human-facing source (no free PDF → `pdf` omitted).

- Date note** — Crossref gives the Duvall article year-only (2019); staged as `2019-01-01` per the corpus

year-only convention (e.g. the existing `Research:2024-01-01/Book chapter/…`). Pin the exact EchoGéo issue date if wanted.

- Further Duvall candidates found (NOT staged — report only, your call to ingest next):**

- *CANNABIS: Ethnobotany and Evolution*, Geographical Review 2014 (`10.1111/j.1931-0846.2014.12050.x`). - *Cannabis: A brief global historical biogeography*, Research Handbook on Drugs and Society 2026, book

 chapter (`10.4337/9781802209143.00013`).

- *Cannabis and Tobacco in Precolonial and Colonial Africa*, Oxford Research Encyclopedia 2017 (reference

 entry, `10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.44`).

- **Prolific-author near-identical-title hazard:** *Drug laws, bioprospecting and the agricultural heritage

 of Cannabis in Africa* exists as **both** a 2016 journal article (Space and Polity,
 `10.1080/13562576.2016.1138674`) **and** a 2017 book chapter (`10.4324/9781315204468-2`) — distinct works,
 do not conflate if ingesting.

- **Book (type not built):** *The African Roots of Marijuana* (Duke University Press, 2019) is a **monograph**

 → Book type, whose skill does not exist yet. Flag for the historical-source/Book pipeline; not forced here.

- Target page titles**

- `Research:2024-03-15/Journal article/business-as-usual-cannabis-legalisation-and-agrarian-change-in-zimbabwe` - `Research:2019-01-01/Journal article/a-brief-agricultural-history-of-cannabis-in-africa-from-prehistory-to-canna-colony`

- Deploy** — no batch script for research items; deploy each via `Form:ResearchItem` or a direct

authenticated API create at the canonical title (the `tools/` credential). Needs an explicit go.

---

1. Record 1 — Rusenga et al. 2024 (Zimbabwe, agrarian change)

Zimbabwe

Business as usual? Cannabis legalisation and agrarian change in Zimbabwe

Clemence Rusenga, Gernot Klantschnig, Neil Carrier, Simon Howell

The Journal of Peasant Studies· 2024

Examines Zimbabwe's legal cannabis sector since its 2018 opening to medicinal and industrial production, with unlicensed uses remaining criminalised, and the implications for agrarian change. The authors argue the formal sector is structured to favour those with substantial resources, marginalising small-scale farmers and illicit cultivators and raising the risk of corporate capture, though several factors undermine agribusiness production. They find that the prohibition of recreational cannabis and the sector's export focus together preserve illicit markets and sustain illicit livelihoods. An agrarian political-economy reference for cannabis commercialisation in Zimbabwe and the broader Global South pattern of export-oriented legal sectors marginalising traditional cultivators.