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| <div class="conservation-wrapper"> | | <div class="lw-portal__title">Portal:Conservation</div> |
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| <div class="conservation-header"> | | <div class="lw-portal__bar"> |
| <div class="conservation-eyebrow">Portal</div> | | <span><b>Browse:</b></span> |
| <h1 class="conservation-title">Conservation</h1> | | <span>[[Portal:Current Events|Current Events]]</span> |
| <p class="conservation-sub">Priority populations, threats and actions for conserving landrace cannabis in situ and ex situ.</p> | | <span>·</span> |
| <div class="conservation-nav"> | | <span>[[Portal:Genetics|Genetics]]</span> |
| [[Portal:Current_Events|Current events]] · [[Community Updates|Community updates]] · [[Portal:Research|Research]] · [[Portal:Conservation|Conservation]] | | <span>·</span> |
| | <span>[[Portal:Geography|Geography]]</span> |
| | <span>·</span> |
| | <span>[[Portal:History|History]]</span> |
| | <span>·</span> |
| | <span>[[Portal:Botany|Botany]]</span> |
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| <div class="conservation-status-legend"> | | |
| <span class="conservation-status-chip">Stable</span> | | <!-- INTRODUCTION --> |
| <span class="conservation-status-chip">Vulnerable</span> | | <div class="lw-box"> |
| <span class="conservation-status-chip">Endangered</span> | | <div class="lw-box__hd"> |
| <span class="conservation-status-chip">Critical</span> | | <div class="lw-box__title">Introduction</div> |
| | <div class="lw-box__link">[[Cannabis conservation]]</div> |
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| | [[File:Eradication-operation-impact.jpg|800px|link=]] |
| | <div class="lw-hero__caption">Destroyed cannabis field following enforcement operation, illustrating direct threat to landrace populations and genetic diversity</div> |
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| | <p>'''Cannabis conservation''' addresses the urgent threats facing landrace populations worldwide, from systematic eradication campaigns to genetic pollution from hybrid varieties to habitat degradation and climate change. Global prohibition has driven industrial-scale enforcement operations that destroy traditional cultivation, criminalize farmers, suppress cultural knowledge, and cause irreversible loss of genetic diversity representing millennia of local adaptation.</p> |
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| | <p>Conservation status assessment uses IUCN-adapted categories ranging from Stable populations through Vulnerable, Endangered, and Critically Endangered to Extinct. Major threats include enforcement operations (aerial eradication, military campaigns, systematic crop destruction), genetic pollution (hybridization with introduced varieties causing genetic swamping), habitat loss (land conversion, development, agricultural expansion), climate change (shifting rainfall patterns, temperature extremes, phenological disruption), and legal pressure (prohibition enforcement, farmer criminalization, cultural suppression). Many traditional cultivation regions face multiple simultaneous threats—Himalayan populations suffer both intensive eradication and genetic contamination, while Moroccan Rif populations experience enforcement pressure alongside climate-driven drought.</p> |
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| | <p>Conservation requires integrated strategies combining ex-situ preservation (seed banking, living collections, tissue culture), in-situ conservation (on-farm preservation, protected areas, community-based initiatives), population monitoring, threat assessment, and recovery planning. Critical priorities include documenting endangered populations before extinction, establishing redundant preservation systems, supporting traditional farmers, monitoring genetic pollution, analyzing enforcement patterns, and advocating for policy reform that recognizes cannabis landraces as valuable crop genetic resources requiring protection rather than eradication.</p> |
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| | <!-- FEATURED ARTICLE --> |
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| | <div class="lw-box__title">Featured article</div> |
| | <div class="lw-box__link">[[Special:Random/Category:Conservation|Show another]]</div> |
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| | <p>'''Genetic pollution''' from hybridization with modern cannabis varieties represents one of the most insidious threats to landrace integrity, capable of completely overwhelming local populations within a few generations. Unlike eradication which destroys plants but leaves surviving populations genetically intact, genetic pollution irreversibly transforms landrace gene pools through introgression of hybrid alleles. Pollen from introduced high-THC varieties can travel kilometers on wind, reaching isolated mountain fields and contaminating populations that have maintained genetic continuity for centuries.</p> |
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| | <p>The process begins subtly—a few hybrid seeds introduced to a region, farmers unknowingly growing contaminated plants, pollen spreading to neighboring traditional fields. Within 3-5 generations of continuous gene flow, landrace characteristics (local adaptation, traditional flowering times, regional morphology, balanced cannabinoid profiles) erode as hybrid genetics dominate. The threat intensifies as enforcement pressure drives farmers to abandon traditional varieties for faster-flowering, higher-yielding hybrids that complete growth before eradication campaigns. Regions like the Western Himalayas now face catastrophic genetic pollution, with truly pure landrace populations restricted to increasingly isolated high-altitude areas. Detection requires molecular analysis—plants may appear morphologically similar while carrying substantial hybrid ancestry. Conservation responses include establishing isolation zones, monitoring gene flow with DNA markers, prioritizing collection from remote populations, and supporting farmers in maintaining traditional varieties despite economic pressure to adopt hybrids.</p> |
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| | <p>([[Genetic pollution|Full article...]])</p> |
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| | [[File:Genetic-pollution-diagram.jpg|200px|link=]] |
| | <div class="featured-img__caption">Diagram showing gene flow from hybrid varieties into landrace populations through pollen contamination</div> |
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| <div class="conservation-card"> | | <!-- DID YOU KNOW --> |
| <h2>Priority regions & populations</h2> | | <div class="lw-box"> |
| <p class="conservation-card-sub">Places and populations where loss would significantly damage the global landrace genepool.</p> | | <div class="lw-box__hd"> |
| <ul class="conservation-list"> | | <div class="lw-box__title">Did you know...</div> |
| <li>'''[Region / population name]''' – status: ''Vulnerable / Endangered / Critical''; link to the relevant [[Growing Region]], [[Appellation]] and representative [[Accession]] pages.</li> | | <div class="lw-box__link">Conservation facts</div> |
| <li>'''[Region / population name]''' – short note on why it is a priority (e.g. rapid replacement by hybrids, enforcement pressure, climate impacts).</li> | | </div> |
| <li>'''[Region / population name]''' – note any distinct chemotype / morphology / cultural use that makes this population hard to replace.</li> | | <div class="lw-box__bd"> |
| | <ul> |
| | <li>...that between 2020-2026, enforcement operations destroyed an estimated '''hundreds of thousands of tons''' of cannabis globally, with many operations specifically targeting traditional landrace cultivation zones?</li> |
| | <li>...that '''pollen from hybrid varieties''' can travel 5-10 kilometers on wind, making genetic isolation nearly impossible in accessible cultivation regions?</li> |
| | <li>...that some traditional cultivation regions have moved from '''Stable to Critically Endangered status''' within just 5-10 years due to combined eradication and genetic pollution?</li> |
| | <li>...that '''minimum viable population size''' for long-term genetic diversity maintenance is typically 500-1000 breeding individuals, but many landrace populations now number in the dozens?</li> |
| | <li>...that '''seed banking''' can preserve genetic diversity for decades or centuries, but requires proper storage conditions (-20°C, low humidity) and periodic viability testing?</li> |
| | <li>...that the '''Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961)''' forced global prohibition that directly caused extinction of countless traditional varieties through systematic eradication?</li> |
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| | <div class="lw-box__title">Selected picture</div> |
| | <div class="lw-box__link">[[Special:Random/Category:Conservation images|Show another]]</div> |
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| | [[File:Conservation-status-map.jpg|800px|link=]] |
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| | <div class="lw-hero__caption">Global conservation status map showing landrace populations color-coded by threat level: green (Stable), yellow (Vulnerable), orange (Endangered), red (Critical), gray (Extinct/Unknown)</div> |
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| <div class="conservation-card"> | | </div> |
| <h2>Threats & pressures</h2> | | |
| <p class="conservation-card-sub">Drivers of erosion: legal, economic, agronomic and ecological.</p> | | <!-- RIGHT COLUMN --> |
| <ul class="conservation-list"> | | <div> |
| <li>'''Hybrid replacement''' – summary of where modern cultivars are displacing farmer-maintained landraces; link to affected regions or fields.</li> | | |
| <li>'''Eradication & enforcement''' – cases where raids, eradication campaigns or surveillance are pushing traditional growers out; cross-link with [[Portal:Current_Events]].</li> | | <!-- MAJOR TOPICS --> |
| <li>'''Environmental change''' – climate shifts, pests, disease or land-use change that directly threaten known populations.</li> | | <div class="lw-box"> |
| | <div class="lw-box__hd"> |
| | <div class="lw-box__title">Major topics</div> |
| | <div class="lw-box__link">Cannabis conservation science</div> |
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| | <dl> |
| | <dt>Conservation Status System</dt> |
| | <dd>[[Conservation status categories]] · [[Stable (LC)]] · [[Vulnerable (VU)]] · [[Endangered (EN)]] · [[Critically Endangered (CR)]] · [[Extinct (EX)]] · [[Data Deficient (DD)]] · [[Status assessment]] · [[Assessment criteria]] · [[Status changes]]</dd> |
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| | <dt>Threat Categories</dt> |
| | <dd>[[Eradication programs]] · [[Enforcement operations]] · [[Military operations]] · [[Aerial eradication]] · [[Genetic pollution]] · [[Hybridization threat]] · [[Habitat loss]] · [[Climate change impacts]] · [[Legal pressure]] · [[Over-collection]] · [[Threat severity]]</dd> |
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| | <dt>Eradication Tracking & Analysis</dt> |
| | <dd>[[Eradication operations]] · [[Named campaigns]] · [[Operation types]] · [[Helicopter operations]] · [[Ground operations]] · [[Geographic patterns]] · [[Enforcement hotspots]] · [[Temporal patterns]] · [[Impact assessment]] · [[Biomass destroyed]]</dd> |
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| | <dt>Genetic Threats</dt> |
| | <dd>[[Gene flow from hybrids]] · [[Genetic swamping]] · [[Introgression]] · [[Population bottlenecks]] · [[Genetic drift effects]] · [[Inbreeding]] · [[Loss of diversity]] · [[Isolation breakdown]] · [[Genetic monitoring]]</dd> |
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| | <dt>Habitat & Environmental Threats</dt> |
| | <dd>[[Habitat degradation]] · [[Soil degradation]] · [[Erosion]] · [[Water depletion]] · [[Deforestation]] · [[Cultivation pressure]] · [[Access disruption]] · [[Environmental change]] · [[Pollution impacts]]</dd> |
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| | <dt>Population Assessment</dt> |
| | <dd>[[Population size estimation]] · [[Census methods]] · [[Breeding population size]] · [[Effective population size]] · [[Distribution assessment]] · [[Habitat quality]] · [[Population viability]] · [[Minimum viable population]] · [[Extinction risk]]</dd> |
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| | <dt>Conservation Methods - Ex Situ</dt> |
| | <dd>[[Seed banking]] · [[Seed collection]] · [[Seed storage]] · [[Cryopreservation]] · [[Living collections]] · [[Botanical gardens]] · [[Tissue culture]] · [[In vitro conservation]] · [[Documentation collections]]</dd> |
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| | <dt>Conservation Methods - In Situ</dt> |
| | <dd>[[On-farm conservation]] · [[Farmer participation]] · [[Protected areas]] · [[Genetic reserves]] · [[Community-based conservation]] · [[Community seed banks]] · [[Wild population conservation]] · [[Traditional cultivation support]]</dd> |
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| | <dt>Sampling & Collection</dt> |
| | <dd>[[Sampling theory]] · [[Sample size requirements]] · [[Genetic representation]] · [[Collection methods]] · [[Seed collection protocols]] · [[Core collections]] · [[Ethical considerations]] · [[Community consent]] · [[Benefit sharing]]</dd> |
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| | <dt>Preservation Strategies</dt> |
| | <dd>[[Conservation prioritization]] · [[Hotspot identification]] · [[Critical populations]] · [[Integrated conservation]] · [[Regional coordination]] · [[Long-term planning]] · [[Sustainability]] · [[Capacity building]]</dd> |
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| | <dt>Recovery & Restoration</dt> |
| | <dd>[[Population restoration]] · [[Reintroduction]] · [[Population augmentation]] · [[Genetic rescue]] · [[Habitat restoration]] · [[Knowledge restoration]] · [[Traditional knowledge revival]] · [[Social restoration]]</dd> |
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| | <dt>International Enforcement</dt> |
| | <dd>[[Regional enforcement patterns]] · [[South Asian enforcement]] · [[Southeast Asian enforcement]] · [[Central Asian enforcement]] · [[Agency analysis]] · [[Military involvement]] · [[International cooperation]] · [[Enforcement trends]]</dd> |
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| | <dt>Conservation Monitoring</dt> |
| | <dd>[[Monitoring programs]] · [[Population monitoring]] · [[Status monitoring]] · [[Threat monitoring]] · [[Indicator species]] · [[Remote sensing]] · [[Satellite monitoring]] · [[Reporting systems]]</dd> |
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| | <dt>Legal & Policy</dt> |
| | <dd>[[International treaties]] · [[Single Convention impacts]] · [[National policies]] · [[Prohibition laws]] · [[Indigenous rights]] · [[Traditional cultivation rights]] · [[Legal reform]] · [[Policy change]]</dd> |
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| | <dt>Conservation Science</dt> |
| | <dd>[[Conservation biology]] · [[Extinction risk]] · [[Conservation genetics applications]] · [[Risk assessment]] · [[Vulnerability assessment]] · [[Conservation economics]] · [[Conservation social science]]</dd> |
| | </dl> |
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| | </div> |
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| | <!-- THINGS YOU CAN DO --> |
| | <div class="lw-box"> |
| | <div class="lw-box__hd"> |
| | <div class="lw-box__title">Things you can do</div> |
| | <div class="lw-box__link">Contribute</div> |
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| | <div class="lw-kicker">Help improve conservation efforts</div> |
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| | <ul class="lw-list"> |
| | <li>'''Report threats''': Document eradication operations, genetic pollution, habitat loss</li> |
| | <li>'''Assess status''': Contribute to population assessments and status updates</li> |
| | <li>'''Monitor populations''': Track status changes in known cultivation zones</li> |
| | <li>'''Support farmers''': Assist traditional cultivators in maintaining varieties</li> |
| | <li>'''Collect seeds''': Responsibly collect and preserve endangered populations</li> |
| | <li>'''Expand stubs''': [[Genetic monitoring]], [[Population augmentation]], [[Recovery planning]]</li> |
| </ul> | | </ul> |
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| <div class="conservation-card"> | | <!-- RELATED PORTALS --> |
| <h2>Actions & projects</h2> | | <div class="lw-box"> |
| <p class="conservation-card-sub">Concrete steps being taken to document, maintain and return material.</p> | | <div class="lw-box__hd"> |
| <ul class="conservation-list"> | | <div class="lw-box__title">Related portals</div> |
| <li>'''In situ work''' – farmer support, seed selection, grow-back projects and agreements to keep male plants; link to project or field pages.</li> | | <div class="lw-box__link">Browse</div> |
| <li>'''Ex situ conservation''' – seed bank holdings, backups and distribution schemes for specific [[Accession]] IDs; indicate where material is stored.</li> | | </div> |
| <li>'''Return & sharing''' – efforts to return documented material to local growers or to share across farmer networks under fair terms.</li> | | <div class="lw-box__bd"> |
| </ul> | | |
| | <div class="portal-grid"> |
| | <div>[[Portal:Current Events|Current Events]]</div> |
| | <div>[[Portal:Genetics|Genetics]]</div> |
| | <div>[[Portal:Geography|Geography]]</div> |
| | <div>[[Portal:History|History]]</div> |
| | <div>[[Portal:Cultivation|Cultivation]]</div> |
| | <div>[[Portal:Culture|Culture]]</div> |
| | </div> |
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| | </div> |
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| | <!-- CATEGORIES --> |
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| | <div class="lw-box__hd"> |
| | <div class="lw-box__title">Categories</div> |
| | <div class="lw-box__link">Browse topics</div> |
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| | <div class="lw-box__bd"> |
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| | <div class="category-list"> |
| | [[Category:Conservation|Conservation]] |
| | [[Category:Conservation status|Status]] |
| | [[Category:Threats|Threats]] |
| | [[Category:Eradication|Eradication]] |
| | [[Category:Conservation methods|Methods]] |
| | [[Category:Population assessment|Assessment]] |
| | [[Category:Conservation genetics|Genetics]] |
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| <div class="conservation-note">
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| <strong>How to use this portal</strong>
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| <ul>
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| <li>Use this page to surface populations and regions that need attention, not to list every accession. Prioritise cases where loss is plausible within a few generations.</li>
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| <li>Keep entries brief and link out to the canonical pages: [[Growing Region]], [[Appellation]], [[Field]] and [[Accession]] records with conservation-related properties.</li>
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| <li>When a status changes (e.g. from ''Endangered'' to ''Vulnerable''), update both the underlying pages and the summary here; archive older notes to subpages such as <code>Portal:Conservation/Archive_2025</code>.</li>
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