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| <!-- INTRODUCTION SECTION --> | | <!-- INTRODUCTION --> |
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| [[File:Cannabis-field-flowering.jpg|frameless|link=]] | | [[File:Cannabis-field-flowering.jpg|800px|link=]] |
| <div class="lw-hero__caption">Cannabis field at peak flowering, showing characteristic morphology and growth patterns</div> | | <div class="lw-hero__caption">Cannabis field at peak flowering, showing characteristic morphology and growth patterns</div> |
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| <p>'''Cannabis botany''' examines the plant biology of ''Cannabis sativa'' L., covering morphology, physiology, reproductive biology, chemical ecology, and environmental adaptation. As one of humanity's oldest cultivated plants, cannabis exhibits remarkable diversity in growth patterns, chemical profiles, and ecological adaptations across traditional growing regions.</p> | | <p>'''Cannabis botany''' examines the plant biology of ''Cannabis sativa'' L., covering morphology, physiology, reproductive biology, chemical ecology, and environmental adaptation. As one of humanity's oldest cultivated plants, cannabis exhibits remarkable diversity in growth patterns, chemical profiles, and ecological adaptations across traditional growing regions.</p> |
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| <p>Cannabis is a dioecious annual herb in the family Cannabaceae, characterized by palmate leaves with serrated leaflets, pistillate and staminate flowers on separate plants, and dense resinous trichomes producing cannabinoids and terpenes. The species shows extraordinary morphological variation—from compact highland varieties adapted to short growing seasons to tall tropical cultivars flowering under equatorial photoperiods. Understanding this botanical diversity is essential for conservation, as traditional landrace populations face threats from enforcement, hybridization, and climate change.</p> | | <p>Cannabis is a dioecious annual herb in the family Cannabaceae, characterized by palmate leaves with serrated leaflets, pistillate and staminate flowers on separate plants, and dense resinous trichomes producing cannabinoids and terpenes. The species shows extraordinary morphological variation—from compact highland varieties adapted to short growing seasons to tall tropical cultivars flowering under equatorial photoperiods.</p> |
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| <p>Key botanical themes include: photoperiod response and flowering triggers, trichome development and cannabinoid biosynthesis, root architecture and nutrient uptake, pollination ecology and seed development, and phenotypic plasticity across environments. Modern cannabis botany integrates classical morphological description with molecular genetics, phytochemistry, and population biology to document and preserve genetic diversity.</p> | | <p>Key botanical themes include photoperiod response and flowering triggers, trichome development and cannabinoid biosynthesis, root architecture and nutrient uptake, pollination ecology and seed development, and phenotypic plasticity across environments. Modern cannabis botany integrates classical morphological description with molecular genetics, phytochemistry, and population biology to document and preserve genetic diversity.</p> |
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| [[File:Cannabis-trichome-macro.jpg|frameless|link=]]
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| <div class="featured-img-caption">Capitate-stalked trichomes producing cannabinoid-rich resin</div> | | <div class="featured-article__content"> |
| | <p>'''Glandular trichomes''' are the primary site of cannabinoid and terpene biosynthesis in cannabis. These specialized epidermal structures occur in three main types: bulbous trichomes (10-15 μm), capitate-sessile trichomes (25-30 μm), and capitate-stalked trichomes (50-500 μm). The largest capitate-stalked trichomes feature a multicellular stalk topped by a secretory head composed of disc cells that synthesize and accumulate cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids in a subcuticular storage cavity.</p> |
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| | <p>Trichome density varies dramatically between landrace populations, correlating with environmental pressures such as UV radiation, herbivory, and water stress. Highland varieties from regions like the Hindu Kush often display exceptionally dense trichome coverage, while lowland tropical varieties may show sparser but larger trichomes. The chemical profile of trichome secretions also varies regionally—some populations produce predominantly THC, others CBD, while many landrace varieties maintain balanced cannabinoid ratios reflecting their traditional uses.</p> |
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| | <p>([[Cannabis trichomes|Full article...]])</p> |
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| <p>'''Glandular trichomes''' are the primary site of cannabinoid and terpene biosynthesis in cannabis. These specialized epidermal structures occur in three main types: bulbous trichomes (10-15 μm), capitate-sessile trichomes (25-30 μm), and capitate-stalked trichomes (50-500 μm). The largest capitate-stalked trichomes feature a multicellular stalk topped by a secretory head composed of disc cells that synthesize and accumulate cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids in a subcuticular storage cavity.</p> | | <div class="featured-img"> |
| | [[File:Cannabis-trichome-macro.jpg|200px|link=]] |
| | <div class="featured-img__caption">Capitate-stalked trichomes producing cannabinoid-rich resin</div> |
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| <p>Trichome density varies dramatically between landrace populations, correlating with environmental pressures such as UV radiation, herbivory, and water stress. Highland varieties from regions like the Hindu Kush often display exceptionally dense trichome coverage, while lowland tropical varieties may show sparser but larger trichomes. The chemical profile of trichome secretions also varies regionally—some populations produce predominantly THC, others CBD, while many landrace varieties maintain balanced cannabinoid ratios reflecting their traditional uses. ([[Cannabis trichomes|Full article...]])</p>
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| <li>...that cannabis plants can produce over '''200 different terpene compounds''', creating distinct regional "chemotypes" that traditional farmers recognize by scent?</li> | | <li>...that cannabis plants can produce over '''200 different terpene compounds''', creating distinct regional "chemotypes" that traditional farmers recognize by scent?</li> |
| <li>...that some highland landrace varieties complete their entire lifecycle in as little as '''75 days''', while tropical sativas may require '''20+ weeks''' of flowering?</li> | | <li>...that some highland landrace varieties complete their entire lifecycle in as little as '''75 days''', while tropical sativas may require '''20+ weeks''' of flowering?</li> |
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| [[File:Cannabis-leaf-morphology.jpg|frameless|link=]] | | [[File:Cannabis-leaf-morphology.jpg|800px|link=]] |
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| <div class="lw-hero__caption">Leaf morphology variation across landrace populations, showing differences in leaflet number, serration depth, and overall form</div> | | <div class="lw-hero__caption">Leaf morphology variation across landrace populations, showing differences in leaflet number, serration depth, and overall form</div> |
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| <dt>Research Methods</dt> | | <dt>Research Methods</dt> |
| <dd>[[Field observation]] · [[Morphometric analysis]] · [[Chemical profiling]] · [[Genetic analysis]] · [[Herbarium specimens]] · [[Living collections]] · [[Documentation standards]]</dd> | | <dd>[[Field observation]] · [[Morphometric analysis]] · [[Chemical profiling]] · [[Genetic analysis]] · [[Documentation standards]]</dd> |
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| <div class="lw-kicker">Help improve botany articles:</div> | | <div class="lw-kicker">Help improve botany articles</div> |
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| <li>'''Map distributions''': Record geographic ranges of landrace varieties</li> | | <li>'''Map distributions''': Record geographic ranges of landrace varieties</li> |
| <li>'''Expand stubs''': [[Leaf serration]], [[Pistillate flowers]], [[Pollen viability]]</li> | | <li>'''Expand stubs''': [[Leaf serration]], [[Pistillate flowers]], [[Pollen viability]]</li> |
| <li>'''Create missing pages''': [[Trichome density]], [[Photoperiod ecotypes]], [[Seed morphology]]</li>
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| <div class="category-list"> | | <div class="category-list"> |
| [[Category:Plant morphology|Morphology]] · [[Category:Plant physiology|Physiology]] · [[Category:Reproductive biology|Reproduction]] · [[Category:Phytochemistry|Phytochemistry]] · [[Category:Cannabis anatomy|Anatomy]] · [[Category:Trichomes|Trichomes]] · [[Category:Flowering|Flowering]] · [[Category:Leaf structures|Leaves]] · [[Category:Root systems|Roots]] · [[Category:Environmental adaptation|Adaptation]] · [[Category:Regional varieties|Regional types]] · [[Category:Field methods|Field methods]] · [[Category:Botanical glossary|Glossary]] | | [[Category:Plant morphology|Morphology]] |
| | [[Category:Plant physiology|Physiology]] |
| | [[Category:Reproductive biology|Reproduction]] |
| | [[Category:Phytochemistry|Phytochemistry]] |
| | [[Category:Cannabis anatomy|Anatomy]] |
| | [[Category:Trichomes|Trichomes]] |
| | [[Category:Flowering|Flowering]] |
| | [[Category:Leaf structures|Leaves]] |
| | [[Category:Root systems|Roots]] |
| | [[Category:Environmental adaptation|Adaptation]] |
| | [[Category:Regional varieties|Regional types]] |
| | [[Category:Field methods|Field methods]] |
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