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<span>[[Portal:Conservation|Conservation]]</span>
<span>[[Portal:Conservation|Conservation]]</span>
<span>·</span>
<span>·</span>
<span>[[Portal:Research|Research]]</span>
<span>[[Portal:Cultivation|Cultivation]]</span>
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<div class="lw-box__title">Scope</div>
<div class="lw-box__title">Introduction</div>
<div class="lw-box__link">[[Help:Botany|Editing guide]]</div>
<div class="lw-box__link">[[Cannabis botany]]</div>
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[[File:Cannabis-field-flowering.jpg|frameless|800px|link=]]
<div class="lw-hero__caption">Diagnostic field photo set: leaves, inflorescences, stems, habitat, vouchers</div>
<div class="lw-hero__caption">Cannabis field at peak flowering, showing characteristic morphology and growth patterns</div>
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<p>The Botany portal documents plant identification, morphology, voucher specimens, ecology, phytochemistry, and field methods. Standards include diagnostic photography requirements and complete metadata protocols for scientific credibility.</p>
<p>'''Cannabis botany''' examines the plant biology of ''Cannabis sativa'' L., covering morphology, physiology, reproductive biology, chemical ecology, and environmental adaptation. As one of humanity's oldest cultivated plants, cannabis exhibits remarkable diversity in growth patterns, chemical profiles, and ecological adaptations across traditional growing regions.</p>


<p><b>Key areas:</b> Species documentation, regional floras, herbarium vouchers, field photography standards, morphological terminology, and identification workflows.</p>
<p>Cannabis is a dioecious annual herb in the family Cannabaceae, characterized by palmate leaves with serrated leaflets, pistillate and staminate flowers on separate plants, and dense resinous trichomes producing cannabinoids and terpenes. The species shows extraordinary morphological variation—from compact highland varieties adapted to short growing seasons to tall tropical cultivars flowering under equatorial photoperiods. Understanding this botanical diversity is essential for conservation, as traditional landrace populations face threats from enforcement, hybridization, and climate change.</p>
 
<p>Key botanical themes include: photoperiod response and flowering triggers, trichome development and cannabinoid biosynthesis, root architecture and nutrient uptake, pollination ecology and seed development, and phenotypic plasticity across environments. Modern cannabis botany integrates classical morphological description with molecular genetics, phytochemistry, and population biology to document and preserve genetic diversity.</p>
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<div class="lw-box__title">Featured article</div>
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<div class="lw-box__link">[[Special:Random/Category:Botany|Show another]]</div>
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<li>[[Help:Plant identification|Plant identification from photos]] – ID workflow and diagnostic requirements</li>
[[File:Cannabis-trichome-macro.jpg|200px|link=]]
<li>[[Help:Plant photography|Plant photography standards]] – Complete checklist for field documentation</li>
<div style="font-size:11px; color:#6b7280; margin-top:4px;">Capitate-stalked trichomes producing cannabinoid-rich resin</div>
<li>[[Help:Field voucher workflow|Field voucher collection]] – Specimen collection and herbarium protocols</li>
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<li>[[Help:Botany page standards|Species page guidelines]] – Documentation structure and completeness standards</li>
 
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<p>'''Glandular trichomes''' are the primary site of cannabinoid and terpene biosynthesis in cannabis. These specialized epidermal structures occur in three main types: bulbous trichomes (10-15 μm), capitate-sessile trichomes (25-30 μm), and capitate-stalked trichomes (50-500 μm). The largest capitate-stalked trichomes feature a multicellular stalk topped by a secretory head composed of disc cells that synthesize and accumulate cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids in a subcuticular storage cavity.</p>
 
<p>Trichome density varies dramatically between landrace populations, correlating with environmental pressures such as UV radiation, herbivory, and water stress. Highland varieties from regions like the Hindu Kush often display exceptionally dense trichome coverage, while lowland tropical varieties may show sparser but larger trichomes. The chemical profile of trichome secretions also varies regionally—some populations produce predominantly THC, others CBD, while many landrace varieties maintain balanced cannabinoid ratios reflecting their traditional uses. ([[Cannabis trichomes|Full article...]])</p>
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<!-- DID YOU KNOW -->
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<div class="lw-box__link">Facts</div>
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<li>[[Category:Plant species|Species & taxa pages]] – Documented plant species with full morphology</li>
<li>...that cannabis plants can produce over 200 different terpene compounds, creating distinct regional "chemotypes" that traditional farmers recognize by scent?</li>
<li>[[Category:Floras|Regional floras]] – Geographic species checklists and distributions</li>
<li>...that some highland landrace varieties complete their entire lifecycle in as little as 75 days, while tropical sativas may require 20+ weeks of flowering?</li>
<li>[[Category:Herbarium|Herbarium vouchers]] – Pressed specimens and reference collections</li>
<li>...that cannabis seeds can remain viable in soil seed banks for over a decade, allowing population recovery after disturbance?</li>
<li>[[Category:Field methods|Field methods & guides]] – Collection protocols and techniques</li>
<li>...that traditional fiber landraces can reach heights exceeding 5 meters with minimal branching, while drug cultivars remain compact and highly branched?</li>
<li>[[Category:Glossary|Morphology glossary]] – Botanical terminology and definitions</li>
<li>...that wild cannabis populations in Central Asia show greater genetic diversity than all cultivated varieties combined?</li>
<li>[[Category:Botany images|Diagnostic photo sets]] – High-quality botanical photography</li>
<li>...that the number of leaflet fingers (typically 5-9) varies between regional populations and correlates with latitude?</li>
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<div class="lw-box__link">[[Special:Random/Category:Botany images|Show another]]</div>
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<div class="lw-kicker">Exemplary species pages with complete documentation</div>
[[File:Cannabis-leaf-morphology.jpg|frameless|800px|link=]]
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<div class="lw-hero__caption">Leaf morphology variation across landrace populations, showing differences in leaflet number, serration depth, and overall form</div>
<li>''Cannabis sativa'' – Complete morphological documentation with regional variants</li>
<li>Example entries with voucher specimens, field photos, and distribution data</li>
</ul>
<div style="margin-top:12px; padding-top:12px; border-top:1px solid #eef2f7; font-size:13px; color:#6b7280;">
<b>Documentation standards:</b> All featured species include diagnostic photos (habit, leaves, flowers, stems), herbarium vouchers, geographic coordinates, and morphometric data.
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'''Morphology & Structure'''
{{#ask:
: [[Plant architecture]] · [[Leaf morphology]] · [[Inflorescence structure]] · [[Root systems]] · [[Stem anatomy]] · [[Trichome types]] · [[Sexual dimorphism]]
[[Category:Botany]]
 
[[-Portal:Botany]]
'''Reproductive Biology'''
[[-~Help:*]]
: [[Photoperiod response]] · [[Flowering triggers]] · [[Pollination ecology]] · [[Seed development]] · [[Dioecious reproduction]] · [[Hermaphroditism]] · [[Pollen dispersal]]
|?Modification date=Updated
 
|limit=6
'''Phytochemistry'''
|sort=Modification date
: [[Cannabinoid biosynthesis]] · [[Terpene production]] · [[Flavonoids]] · [[Chemotypes]] · [[THC vs CBD pathways]] · [[Essential oils]] · [[Secondary metabolites]]
|order=desc
 
|format=table
'''Growth & Development'''
|class=wikitable sortable
: [[Germination]] · [[Vegetative growth]] · [[Floral initiation]] · [[Senescence]] · [[Life cycle]] · [[Phenology]] · [[Developmental stages]]
|headers=plain
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<div style="height:12px;"></div>
'''Environmental Adaptation'''
: [[Climate adaptation]] · [[Photoperiod sensitivity]] · [[Altitude responses]] · [[Drought tolerance]] · [[Cold hardiness]] · [[Soil preferences]] · [[Nutrient uptake]]


<div class="lw-kicker">Recently added images</div>
'''Regional Diversity'''
{{#ask:
: [[Tropical cultivars]] · [[Temperate varieties]] · [[Highland adaptations]] · [[Fiber types]] · [[Drug types]] · [[Wild populations]] · [[Feral cannabis]]
[[Category:Botany images]]
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'''Research Methods'''
<b>Note:</b> No images found. Upload diagnostic photo sets using the contribution workflow below.
: [[Field observation]] · [[Morphometric analysis]] · [[Chemical profiling]] · [[Genetic analysis]] · [[Herbarium specimens]] · [[Living collections]] · [[Documentation standards]]
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<!-- THINGS YOU CAN DO -->
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<li>[[Special:Upload|Upload diagnostic photo set]] – Add field documentation images</li>
<div style="font-weight:600; margin-bottom:8px;">Help improve botany articles:</div>
<li>[[Form:Species|Create species page]] – Document a new plant species</li>
 
<li>[[Form:Voucher|Register herbarium voucher]] – Add specimen to collection</li>
<ul style="margin:0; padding-left:20px;">
<li>[[Help:Botany|View contribution guide]] – Standards and workflows</li>
<li>'''Document morphology''': Add detailed plant descriptions with measurements</li>
<li>'''Upload field photos''': Share diagnostic images showing leaves, flowers, stems</li>
<li>'''Record phenology''': Document flowering times and seasonal patterns</li>
<li>'''Describe chemotypes''': Add terpene profiles and cannabinoid ratios</li>
<li>'''Map distributions''': Record geographic ranges of landrace varieties</li>
<li>'''Expand stubs''': [[Leaf serration]], [[Pistillate flowers]], [[Pollen viability]]</li>
<li>'''Create missing pages''': [[Trichome density]], [[Photoperiod ecotypes]], [[Seed morphology]]</li>
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<li>[[Botany:Photography checklist|Field photo requirements]] – Complete diagnostic set standards</li>
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<li>[[Botany:Morphology terms|Morphological terminology]] – Standardized descriptive language</li>
<div>[[Portal:Genetics|Genetics]]</div>
<li>[[Botany:Voucher standards|Herbarium protocols]] – Specimen preparation and preservation</li>
<div>[[Portal:Chemistry|Chemistry]]</div>
<li>[[Botany:Geographic data|Coordinate collection]] – GPS accuracy and datum standards</li>
<div>[[Portal:Ecology|Ecology]]</div>
</ul>
<div>[[Portal:Cultivation|Cultivation]]</div>
<div>[[Portal:Ethnobotany|Ethnobotany]]</div>
<div>[[Portal:Conservation|Conservation]]</div>
<div>[[Portal:Research|Research]]</div>
<div>[[Portal:Landrace Types|Landrace Types]]</div>
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[[Category:Plant morphology|Morphology]] · [[Category:Plant physiology|Physiology]] · [[Category:Reproductive biology|Reproduction]] · [[Category:Phytochemistry|Phytochemistry]] · [[Category:Cannabis anatomy|Anatomy]] · [[Category:Trichomes|Trichomes]] · [[Category:Flowering|Flowering]] · [[Category:Leaf structures|Leaves]] · [[Category:Root systems|Roots]] · [[Category:Environmental adaptation|Adaptation]] · [[Category:Regional varieties|Regional types]] · [[Category:Field methods|Field methods]] · [[Category:Botanical glossary|Glossary]]
 
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Revision as of 10:40, 20 January 2026

Portal:Botany

Browse: Science · Genetics · Ethnobotany · Conservation · Cultivation

Introduction
Cannabis botany

Cannabis field at peak flowering, showing characteristic morphology and growth patterns

Cannabis botany examines the plant biology of Cannabis sativa L., covering morphology, physiology, reproductive biology, chemical ecology, and environmental adaptation. As one of humanity's oldest cultivated plants, cannabis exhibits remarkable diversity in growth patterns, chemical profiles, and ecological adaptations across traditional growing regions.

Cannabis is a dioecious annual herb in the family Cannabaceae, characterized by palmate leaves with serrated leaflets, pistillate and staminate flowers on separate plants, and dense resinous trichomes producing cannabinoids and terpenes. The species shows extraordinary morphological variation—from compact highland varieties adapted to short growing seasons to tall tropical cultivars flowering under equatorial photoperiods. Understanding this botanical diversity is essential for conservation, as traditional landrace populations face threats from enforcement, hybridization, and climate change.

Key botanical themes include: photoperiod response and flowering triggers, trichome development and cannabinoid biosynthesis, root architecture and nutrient uptake, pollination ecology and seed development, and phenotypic plasticity across environments. Modern cannabis botany integrates classical morphological description with molecular genetics, phytochemistry, and population biology to document and preserve genetic diversity.

Featured article
Show another

Capitate-stalked trichomes producing cannabinoid-rich resin

Glandular trichomes are the primary site of cannabinoid and terpene biosynthesis in cannabis. These specialized epidermal structures occur in three main types: bulbous trichomes (10-15 μm), capitate-sessile trichomes (25-30 μm), and capitate-stalked trichomes (50-500 μm). The largest capitate-stalked trichomes feature a multicellular stalk topped by a secretory head composed of disc cells that synthesize and accumulate cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids in a subcuticular storage cavity.

Trichome density varies dramatically between landrace populations, correlating with environmental pressures such as UV radiation, herbivory, and water stress. Highland varieties from regions like the Hindu Kush often display exceptionally dense trichome coverage, while lowland tropical varieties may show sparser but larger trichomes. The chemical profile of trichome secretions also varies regionally—some populations produce predominantly THC, others CBD, while many landrace varieties maintain balanced cannabinoid ratios reflecting their traditional uses. (Full article...)

Did you know...
Facts
  • ...that cannabis plants can produce over 200 different terpene compounds, creating distinct regional "chemotypes" that traditional farmers recognize by scent?
  • ...that some highland landrace varieties complete their entire lifecycle in as little as 75 days, while tropical sativas may require 20+ weeks of flowering?
  • ...that cannabis seeds can remain viable in soil seed banks for over a decade, allowing population recovery after disturbance?
  • ...that traditional fiber landraces can reach heights exceeding 5 meters with minimal branching, while drug cultivars remain compact and highly branched?
  • ...that wild cannabis populations in Central Asia show greater genetic diversity than all cultivated varieties combined?
  • ...that the number of leaflet fingers (typically 5-9) varies between regional populations and correlates with latitude?
Selected picture
Show another

Leaf morphology variation across landrace populations, showing differences in leaflet number, serration depth, and overall form
Major topics
Cannabis plant biology

Morphology & Structure

Plant architecture · Leaf morphology · Inflorescence structure · Root systems · Stem anatomy · Trichome types · Sexual dimorphism

Reproductive Biology

Photoperiod response · Flowering triggers · Pollination ecology · Seed development · Dioecious reproduction · Hermaphroditism · Pollen dispersal

Phytochemistry

Cannabinoid biosynthesis · Terpene production · Flavonoids · Chemotypes · THC vs CBD pathways · Essential oils · Secondary metabolites

Growth & Development

Germination · Vegetative growth · Floral initiation · Senescence · Life cycle · Phenology · Developmental stages

Environmental Adaptation

Climate adaptation · Photoperiod sensitivity · Altitude responses · Drought tolerance · Cold hardiness · Soil preferences · Nutrient uptake

Regional Diversity

Tropical cultivars · Temperate varieties · Highland adaptations · Fiber types · Drug types · Wild populations · Feral cannabis

Research Methods

Field observation · Morphometric analysis · Chemical profiling · Genetic analysis · Herbarium specimens · Living collections · Documentation standards
Things you can do
Contribute
Help improve botany articles:
Related portals
Browse
Categories
Browse topics
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