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| <span><b>Browse:</b></span> | | <span><b>Browse:</b></span> |
| <span>[[Portal:Science|Science]]</span> | | <span>[[Portal:Genetics|Genetics]]</span> |
| <span>·</span> | | <span>·</span> |
| <span>[[Portal:Genetics|Genetics]]</span> | | <span>[[Portal:Chemistry|Chemistry]]</span> |
| <span>·</span> | | <span>·</span> |
| <span>[[Portal:Ethnobotany|Ethnobotany]]</span> | | <span>[[Portal:Ethnobotany|Ethnobotany]]</span> |
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| <p>Cannabis is a dioecious annual herb in the family Cannabaceae, characterized by palmate leaves with serrated leaflets, pistillate and staminate flowers on separate plants, and dense resinous trichomes producing cannabinoids and terpenes. The species shows extraordinary morphological variation—from compact highland varieties adapted to short growing seasons to tall tropical cultivars flowering under equatorial photoperiods.</p> | | <p>Cannabis is a dioecious annual herb in the family Cannabaceae, characterized by palmate leaves with serrated leaflets, pistillate and staminate flowers on separate plants, and dense resinous trichomes producing cannabinoids and terpenes. The species shows extraordinary morphological variation—from compact highland varieties adapted to short growing seasons to tall tropical cultivars flowering under equatorial photoperiods.</p> |
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| <p>Key botanical themes include photoperiod response and flowering triggers, trichome development and cannabinoid biosynthesis, root architecture and nutrient uptake, pollination ecology and seed development, and phenotypic plasticity across environments. Modern cannabis botany integrates classical morphological description with molecular genetics, phytochemistry, and population biology to document and preserve genetic diversity.</p> | | <p>Key botanical themes include photoperiod response and flowering triggers, trichome development and cannabinoid biosynthesis, population genetics and local adaptation, life cycle phenology across climates, and the relationship between environmental conditions and chemical profiles. Modern cannabis botany integrates classical morphological description with molecular genetics, phytochemistry, and population biology to document and preserve genetic diversity.</p> |
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| <div class="featured-article"> | | <div class="featured-article"> |
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| <p>'''Glandular trichomes''' are the primary site of cannabinoid and terpene biosynthesis in cannabis. These specialized epidermal structures occur in three main types: bulbous trichomes (10-15 μm), capitate-sessile trichomes (25-30 μm), and capitate-stalked trichomes (50-500 μm). The largest capitate-stalked trichomes feature a multicellular stalk topped by a secretory head composed of disc cells that synthesize and accumulate cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids in a subcuticular storage cavity.</p> | | <p>'''Capitate-stalked trichomes''' are the primary site of cannabinoid and terpene biosynthesis in cannabis. These specialized epidermal structures feature a multicellular stalk topped by a secretory head composed of disc cells that synthesize and accumulate cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids in a subcuticular storage cavity. Trichome density varies dramatically between landrace populations, correlating with environmental pressures such as UV radiation intensity, herbivory pressure, and water stress.</p> |
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| <p>Trichome density varies dramatically between landrace populations, correlating with environmental pressures such as UV radiation, herbivory, and water stress. Highland varieties from regions like the Hindu Kush often display exceptionally dense trichome coverage, while lowland tropical varieties may show sparser but larger trichomes. The chemical profile of trichome secretions also varies regionally—some populations produce predominantly THC, others CBD, while many landrace varieties maintain balanced cannabinoid ratios reflecting their traditional uses.</p> | | <p>Highland varieties from regions like the Hindu Kush and Western Himalayas often display exceptionally dense trichome coverage with high resin production, reflecting adaptation to intense solar radiation at high elevations. Lowland tropical varieties may show sparser but larger trichomes optimized for different environmental conditions. The chemical profile of trichome secretions also varies regionally—some populations produce predominantly THC, others CBD, while many landrace varieties maintain balanced cannabinoid ratios reflecting thousands of years of selection for traditional uses.</p> |
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| <p>([[Cannabis trichomes|Full article...]])</p> | | <p>([[Capitate-stalked trichomes|Full article...]])</p> |
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| <div class="lw-box__bd"> | | <div class="lw-box__bd"> |
| <ul> | | <ul> |
| <li>...that cannabis plants can produce over '''200 different terpene compounds''', creating distinct regional "chemotypes" that traditional farmers recognize by scent?</li> | | <li>...that cannabis plants can produce over '''200 different terpene compounds''', creating distinct regional "chemotypes" that traditional farmers recognize by scent alone?</li> |
| <li>...that some highland landrace varieties complete their entire lifecycle in as little as '''75 days''', while tropical sativas may require '''20+ weeks''' of flowering?</li> | | <li>...that some highland landrace varieties complete their entire lifecycle in as little as '''75 days''', while equatorial sativas may require '''20+ weeks''' of flowering?</li> |
| <li>...that cannabis seeds can remain viable in soil seed banks for over a '''decade''', allowing population recovery after disturbance?</li> | | <li>...that cannabis seeds can remain viable in soil seed banks for over a '''decade''', allowing population recovery after disturbance or eradication?</li> |
| <li>...that traditional fiber landraces can reach heights exceeding '''5 meters''' with minimal branching, while drug cultivars remain compact and highly branched?</li> | | <li>...that traditional fiber landraces can reach heights exceeding '''5 meters''' with minimal branching, while drug cultivars remain compact and highly branched?</li> |
| <li>...that wild cannabis populations in Central Asia show '''greater genetic diversity''' than all cultivated varieties combined?</li> | | <li>...that wild cannabis populations in Central Asia show '''greater genetic diversity''' than all cultivated varieties combined?</li> |
| <li>...that the number of leaflet fingers (typically 5-9) varies between regional populations and correlates with '''latitude'''?</li> | | <li>...that leaflet number (typically 5-9) varies between regional populations and '''correlates with latitude''' of origin?</li> |
| </ul> | | </ul> |
| </div> | | </div> |
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| <dl> | | <dl> |
| <dt>Morphology & Structure</dt> | | <dt>Plant Morphology</dt> |
| <dd>[[Plant architecture]] · [[Leaf morphology]] · [[Inflorescence structure]] · [[Root systems]] · [[Stem anatomy]] · [[Trichome types]] · [[Sexual dimorphism]]</dd> | | <dd>[[Height variation]] · [[Growth patterns]] · [[Branching morphology]] · [[Leaf morphology]] · [[Leaflet count]] · [[Serration patterns]] · [[Stem thickness]] · [[Internode length]] · [[Root architecture]]</dd> |
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| <dt>Reproductive Biology</dt> | | <dt>Flowering Biology</dt> |
| <dd>[[Photoperiod response]] · [[Flowering triggers]] · [[Pollination ecology]] · [[Seed development]] · [[Dioecious reproduction]] · [[Hermaphroditism]] · [[Pollen dispersal]]</dd> | | <dd>[[Photoperiod response]] · [[Short-day flowering]] · [[Flowering time]] · [[Sex expression]] · [[Male plants]] · [[Female plants]] · [[Hermaphroditism]] · [[Inflorescence morphology]] · [[Seed production]]</dd> |
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| | <dt>Trichome Biology</dt> |
| | <dd>[[Capitate-stalked trichomes]] · [[Capitate-sessile trichomes]] · [[Bulbous trichomes]] · [[Trichome density]] · [[Trichome development]] · [[Regional trichome variation]]</dd> |
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| <dt>Phytochemistry</dt> | | <dt>Phytochemistry</dt> |
| <dd>[[Cannabinoid biosynthesis]] · [[Terpene production]] · [[Flavonoids]] · [[Chemotypes]] · [[THC vs CBD pathways]] · [[Essential oils]] · [[Secondary metabolites]]</dd> | | <dd>[[Cannabinoid biosynthesis]] · [[THC biosynthesis]] · [[CBD biosynthesis]] · [[Terpene biosynthesis]] · [[Cannabinoid profiles]] · [[Terpene profiles]] · [[Chemotype stability]] · [[Regional chemotypes]]</dd> |
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| <dt>Growth & Development</dt> | | <dt>Environmental Adaptation</dt> |
| <dd>[[Germination]] · [[Vegetative growth]] · [[Floral initiation]] · [[Senescence]] · [[Life cycle]] · [[Phenology]] · [[Developmental stages]]</dd> | | <dd>[[Tropical adaptation]] · [[Subtropical adaptation]] · [[Temperate adaptation]] · [[Montane adaptation]] · [[Altitude responses]] · [[Temperature tolerance]] · [[Drought tolerance]] · [[Monsoon adaptation]] · [[Soil adaptation]]</dd> |
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| <dt>Environmental Adaptation</dt> | | <dt>Regional Ecotypes</dt> |
| <dd>[[Climate adaptation]] · [[Photoperiod sensitivity]] · [[Altitude responses]] · [[Drought tolerance]] · [[Cold hardiness]] · [[Soil preferences]] · [[Nutrient uptake]]</dd> | | <dd>[[Thai varieties]] · [[Indian varieties]] · [[Nepali varieties]] · [[Afghan varieties]] · [[Moroccan varieties]] · [[Mexican varieties]] · [[Colombian varieties]] · [[Malawian varieties]]</dd> |
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| | <dt>Traditional Cultivar Types</dt> |
| | <dd>[[Ganja cultivation]] · [[Charas production types]] · [[Bhang preparation types]] · [[Hemp cultivation]] · [[Fiber morphology]] · [[Dual-purpose varieties]] · [[Feral cannabis]] · [[Wild populations]]</dd> |
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| | <dt>Life Cycle & Phenology</dt> |
| | <dd>[[Seed germination]] · [[Vegetative growth]] · [[Floral initiation]] · [[Flowering duration]] · [[Senescence]] · [[Seasonal calendars]] · [[Regional planting times]] · [[Harvest timing]]</dd> |
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| <dt>Regional Diversity</dt> | | <dt>Population Genetics</dt> |
| <dd>[[Tropical cultivars]] · [[Temperate varieties]] · [[Highland adaptations]] · [[Fiber types]] · [[Drug types]] · [[Wild populations]] · [[Feral cannabis]]</dd> | | <dd>[[Gene pools]] · [[Regional populations]] · [[Local adaptation]] · [[Genetic diversity]] · [[Natural selection]] · [[Farmer selection]] · [[Genetic drift]] · [[Gene flow]] · [[Genetic pollution]] · [[Hybridization]] · [[Introgression]]</dd> |
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| <dt>Research Methods</dt> | | <dt>Documentation Methods</dt> |
| <dd>[[Field observation]] · [[Morphometric analysis]] · [[Chemical profiling]] · [[Genetic analysis]] · [[Documentation standards]]</dd> | | <dd>[[Field photography]] · [[Plant photography]] · [[Morphometric analysis]] · [[GPS documentation]] · [[Chemical analysis]] · [[Cannabinoid testing]] · [[Terpene testing]] · [[Traditional knowledge recording]]</dd> |
| </dl> | | </dl> |
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| <ul class="lw-list"> | | <ul class="lw-list"> |
| <li>'''Document morphology''': Add detailed plant descriptions with measurements</li> | | <li>'''Document morphology''': Add detailed plant descriptions with precise measurements</li> |
| <li>'''Upload field photos''': Share diagnostic images showing leaves, flowers, stems</li> | | <li>'''Upload field photos''': Share diagnostic images showing leaves, flowers, stems, habitat</li> |
| <li>'''Record phenology''': Document flowering times and seasonal patterns</li> | | <li>'''Record phenology''': Document flowering times, seasonal patterns, life cycle events</li> |
| <li>'''Describe chemotypes''': Add terpene profiles and cannabinoid ratios</li> | | <li>'''Describe chemotypes''': Add terpene profiles, cannabinoid ratios, chemical variation</li> |
| <li>'''Map distributions''': Record geographic ranges of landrace varieties</li> | | <li>'''Map distributions''': Record geographic ranges, altitude patterns, climate zones</li> |
| <li>'''Expand stubs''': [[Leaf serration]], [[Pistillate flowers]], [[Pollen viability]]</li> | | <li>'''Expand stubs''': [[Serration patterns]], [[Pistillate flowers]], [[Seed viability]]</li> |
| </ul> | | </ul> |
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| <div>[[Portal:Genetics|Genetics]]</div> | | <div>[[Portal:Genetics|Genetics]]</div> |
| <div>[[Portal:Chemistry|Chemistry]]</div> | | <div>[[Portal:Chemistry|Chemistry]]</div> |
| <div>[[Portal:Ecology|Ecology]]</div>
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| <div>[[Portal:Cultivation|Cultivation]]</div> | | <div>[[Portal:Cultivation|Cultivation]]</div> |
| <div>[[Portal:Ethnobotany|Ethnobotany]]</div> | | <div>[[Portal:Ethnobotany|Ethnobotany]]</div> |
| <div>[[Portal:Conservation|Conservation]]</div> | | <div>[[Portal:Conservation|Conservation]]</div> |
| <div>[[Portal:Research|Research]]</div> | | <div>[[Portal:Research|Research]]</div> |
| <div>[[Portal:Landrace Types|Landrace Types]]</div> | | <div>[[Portal:Southeast Asia|Southeast Asia]]</div> |
| | <div>[[Portal:South Asia|South Asia]]</div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
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| </div> | | </div> |
| <div class="lw-box__bd"> | | <div class="lw-box__bd"> |
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| <div class="category-list">
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| [[Category:Plant morphology|Morphology]]
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| [[Category:Plant physiology|Physiology]]
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| [[Category:Reproductive biology|Reproduction]]
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| [[Category:Phytochemistry|Phytochemistry]]
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| [[Category:Cannabis anatomy|Anatomy]]
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| [[Category:Trichomes|Trichomes]]
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| [[Category:Flowering|Flowering]]
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| [[Category:Leaf structures|Leaves]]
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| [[Category:Root systems|Roots]]
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| [[Category:Environmental adaptation|Adaptation]]
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| [[Category:Regional varieties|Regional types]]
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| [[Category:Field methods|Field methods]]
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| </div> | | </div> |
