Western Himalayas - Revision history

Eloise Zomia at 12:53, 17 March 2026

2026-03-17T12:53:56Z

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Eloise Zomia at 12:23, 17 March 2026

2026-03-17T12:23:40Z

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Eloise Zomia at 17:55, 19 January 2026

2026-01-19T17:55:48Z

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Eloise Zomia at 19:53, 11 January 2026

2026-01-11T19:53:06Z

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 {{Infobox Growing Region
 |region_name = Western Himalayas
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 |coordinates = {{coord|32|00|N|77|30|E|display=inline,title}}
 }}
 == Geography ==

Eloise Zomia at 19:47, 11 January 2026

2026-01-11T19:47:51Z

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 {{Infobox Growing Region
 |region_name = Western Himalayas
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 |coordinates = {{coord|32|00|N|77|30|E|display=inline,title}}
 }}
 == Geography ==

Eloise Zomia at 18:42, 11 January 2026

2026-01-11T18:42:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:42, 12 January 2026
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	\|image = Rasol-Grahan-View-01.jpg		\|image = Rasol-Grahan-View-01.jpg
	\|image_caption = View of the Parvati Valley in Kullu District		\|image_caption = View of the Parvati Valley in Kullu District
			\|show_map = yes
	\|gene_pool = South Asian Gene Pool		\|gene_pool = South Asian Gene Pool
	\|regional_complex = Hindu Kush-Himalayan		\|regional_complex = Hindu Kush-Himalayan
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	The region's cannabis populations are cultivated primarily for [[charas]] production, with hand-rubbing techniques passed through generations of farming communities.		The region's cannabis populations are cultivated primarily for [[charas]] production, with hand-rubbing techniques passed through generations of farming communities.

	== ~~Map~~ ==		== Geography ==
	~~<div class="lw-map" data-smw-query="[[Has growing region::{{PAGENAME}}]]\|?Has GPS coordinates\|?Has descriptive name\|?Has conservation priority\|?Has accession ID"></div>~~

	~~==Geography==~~		== Climate ==

	==Climate==

	== Cultural Context ==		== Cultural Context ==

	==Ethnic Context==		== Ethnic Context ==

	==Cultivation History==		== Cultivation History ==

	== Genetics ==		== Genetics ==

	No data at present, further research needed.		No data at present, further research needed.

	==Growing Areas==		== Growing Areas ==

	The Western Himalayas growing region encompasses numerous documented cultivation areas. Browse by administrative division:		The Western Himalayas growing region encompasses numerous documented cultivation areas. Browse by administrative division:

	===Himachal Pradesh===		=== Himachal Pradesh ===

	==== [[Kullu District]] ====		==== [[Kullu District]] ====
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	* [[Outer Seraj]]		* [[Outer Seraj]]

	====[[Mandi District]]====		==== [[Mandi District]] ====

	* [[Seraj]]		* [[Seraj]]

	====[[Kinnaur District]]====		==== [[Kinnaur District]] ====

	* [[Lower Sutlej Valley]]		* [[Lower Sutlej Valley]]
	* [[Middle Sutlej Valley]]		* [[Middle Sutlej Valley]]
	* [[Baspa Valley]]		* [[Baspa Valley]]

	====[[Lahaul and Spiti District]]====		==== [[Lahaul and Spiti District]] ====

	Due to the harsh climate and short growing season, as of 2015 is sparse evidence of current, intentional cannabis cultivation in Lahaul and Spiti districts. There are, however, feral, self seeding cannabis populations found near roadsides, rivers and temples throughout the district. <ref>https://www.eresearchco.com/articles/abnormal-meiosis-in-tetraploid-4x-cannabis-sativa-l-from-lahaulspiti-cold-desert-higher-altitude-himalayasa-neglected-bu.pdf</ref>		Due to the harsh climate and short growing season, as of 2015 is sparse evidence of current, intentional cannabis cultivation in Lahaul and Spiti districts. There are, however, feral, self seeding cannabis populations found near roadsides, rivers and temples throughout the district. <ref>https://www.eresearchco.com/articles/abnormal-meiosis-in-tetraploid-4x-cannabis-sativa-l-from-lahaulspiti-cold-desert-higher-altitude-himalayasa-neglected-bu.pdf</ref>

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	* [[Losar]]		* [[Losar]]

	====[[Sirmaur ~~District]]====~~		==== [[Sirmaur District]] ====

	~~====[[Shimla~~ District]]====

			==== [[Shimla District]] ====
	* [[Busahr]]		* [[Busahr]]
	* [[Pabbar Valley]]		* [[Pabbar Valley]]
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	* [[Chaupal Valley]]		* [[Chaupal Valley]]

	===Uttarakhand===		=== Uttarakhand ===

	====[[Garhwal Division]]====		==== [[Garhwal Division]] ====
	* [[Nanda Devi]]		* [[Nanda Devi]]
	* [[Niti Valley]]		* [[Niti Valley]]

	====[[Kumaon Division]]====		==== [[Kumaon Division]] ====
	* [[Johar Valley]]		* [[Johar Valley]]
	* [[Darma Valley]]		* [[Darma Valley]]
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	* [[Darchula]]		* [[Darchula]]

	===Jammu and Kashmir===		=== Jammu and Kashmir ===

	No data at present, further research needed.		No data at present, further research needed.

	====Ladakh====		==== Ladakh ====
	High-altitude cold desert region with limited cultivation		High-altitude cold desert region with limited cultivation

	==Botanical Characteristics==		== Botanical Characteristics ==

	===Regional Traits===		=== Regional Traits ===

	===Geographic Variation===		=== Geographic Variation ===

	===Other Variations===		=== Other Variations ===

	==Cultivation Practices==		== Cultivation Practices ==

	===Traditional Methods===		=== Traditional Methods ===

	===Modern Methods===		=== Modern Methods ===

	==Conservation Status==		== Conservation Status ==

	===Threats to Landrace Populations===		=== Threats to Landrace Populations ===

	===Conservation Efforts===		=== Conservation Efforts ===

	==Chemical Profile==		== Chemical Profile ==

	===Cannabinoid Content===		=== Cannabinoid Content ===
	Western Himalayas populations are traditionally drug-type cannabis, selected for resin production. Research is needed to characterize chemical profiles.		Western Himalayas populations are traditionally drug-type cannabis, selected for resin production. Research is needed to characterize chemical profiles.

	==Gallery==		== Gallery ==

	<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">		<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">
	File:Parvati-Valley-View.jpg\|Parvati Valley cultivation area		File:Parvati-Valley-View.jpg\|Parvati Valley cultivation area
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	</gallery>		</gallery>

	==See Also==		== See Also ==
	* [[Gene pools]]		* [[Gene pools]]
	* [[South Asian Gene Pool]]		* [[South Asian Gene Pool]]
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	* [[Himalayan agriculture]]		* [[Himalayan agriculture]]

	==References==		== References ==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

	==External Links==		== External Links ==
	* [Link to relevant botanical databases]		* [Link to relevant botanical databases]
	* [Link to conservation organizations]		* [Link to conservation organizations]
	* [Link to genetic research papers]		* [Link to genetic research papers]

	~~[[Category:Growing Regions]]~~
	[[Category:Conservation Status - Vulnerable]]		[[Category:Conservation Status - Vulnerable]]
	[[Category:South Asian Growing Regions]]		[[Category:South Asian Growing Regions]]
	[[Category:Himalayan Cannabis]]		[[Category:Himalayan Cannabis]]
	[[Category:Traditional Agriculture]]		[[Category:Traditional Agriculture]]

Eloise Zomia at 18:36, 11 January 2026

2026-01-11T18:36:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:36, 12 January 2026
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	\|coordinates = {{coord\|32\|00\|N\|77\|30\|E\|display=inline,title}}		\|coordinates = {{coord\|32\|00\|N\|77\|30\|E\|display=inline,title}}
	}}		}}

	The '''Western Himalayas''' is a major [[landrace cannabis]] cultivation region spanning the mountain valleys of northern [[India]], encompassing traditional ''[[charas]]'' (hand-rubbed hashish) producing areas in [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]] and parts of [[Jammu and Kashmir]]. <ref>https://www.pmfias.com/himalayas-regional-divisions-punjab-himalayas-assam-himalayas-western-himalayas-central-himalayas-eastern-himalayas/</ref> <ref>https://archive.org/details/b32222920_0001</ref> <ref>https://www.unodc.org/pdf/india/publications/south_Asia_Regional_Profile_Sept_2005/10_india.pdf</ref> <ref>https://narcoticsindia.nic.in/Publication/2002.pdf</ref>		The '''Western Himalayas''' is a major [[landrace cannabis]] cultivation region spanning the mountain valleys of northern [[India]], encompassing traditional ''[[charas]]'' (hand-rubbed hashish) producing areas in [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]] and parts of [[Jammu and Kashmir]]. <ref>https://www.pmfias.com/himalayas-regional-divisions-punjab-himalayas-assam-himalayas-western-himalayas-central-himalayas-eastern-himalayas/</ref> <ref>https://archive.org/details/b32222920_0001</ref> <ref>https://www.unodc.org/pdf/india/publications/south_Asia_Regional_Profile_Sept_2005/10_india.pdf</ref> <ref>https://narcoticsindia.nic.in/Publication/2002.pdf</ref>

Eloise Zomia at 18:33, 11 January 2026

2026-01-11T18:33:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:33, 12 January 2026
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	The region's cannabis populations are cultivated primarily for [[charas]] production, with hand-rubbing techniques passed through generations of farming communities.		The region's cannabis populations are cultivated primarily for [[charas]] production, with hand-rubbing techniques passed through generations of farming communities.

			== Map ==
			<div class="lw-map" data-smw-query="[[Has growing region::{{PAGENAME}}]]\|?Has GPS coordinates\|?Has descriptive name\|?Has conservation priority\|?Has accession ID"></div>

	==Geography==		==Geography==

Eloise Zomia at 18:25, 11 January 2026

2026-01-11T18:25:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:25, 12 January 2026
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	[[Category:Himalayan Cannabis]]		[[Category:Himalayan Cannabis]]
	[[Category:Traditional Agriculture]]		[[Category:Traditional Agriculture]]
	~~[[Has gene pool::South Asian Gene Pool]]~~
	~~[[Has regional complex::Hindu Kush-Himalayan]]~~
	~~[[Has country::India]]~~

Eloise Zomia at 18:16, 8 November 2025

2025-11-08T18:16:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:16, 9 November 2025
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	The '''Western Himalayas''' is a major [[landrace cannabis]] cultivation region spanning the mountain valleys of northern [[India]], encompassing traditional ''[[charas]]'' (hand-rubbed hashish) producing areas in [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]] and parts of [[Jammu and Kashmir]]. <ref>https://www.pmfias.com/himalayas-regional-divisions-punjab-himalayas-assam-himalayas-western-himalayas-central-himalayas-eastern-himalayas/</ref> <ref>https://archive.org/details/b32222920_0001</ref> <ref>https://www.unodc.org/pdf/india/publications/south_Asia_Regional_Profile_Sept_2005/10_india.pdf</ref> <ref>https://narcoticsindia.nic.in/Publication/2002.pdf</ref>		The '''Western Himalayas''' is a major [[landrace cannabis]] cultivation region spanning the mountain valleys of northern [[India]], encompassing traditional ''[[charas]]'' (hand-rubbed hashish) producing areas in [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]] and parts of [[Jammu and Kashmir]]. <ref>https://www.pmfias.com/himalayas-regional-divisions-punjab-himalayas-assam-himalayas-western-himalayas-central-himalayas-eastern-himalayas/</ref> <ref>https://archive.org/details/b32222920_0001</ref> <ref>https://www.unodc.org/pdf/india/publications/south_Asia_Regional_Profile_Sept_2005/10_india.pdf</ref> <ref>https://narcoticsindia.nic.in/Publication/2002.pdf</ref>

	~~The~~ Western Himalayas ~~growing region~~ is ~~characterized~~ by ~~landrace cannabis cultivation in~~ steep valley systems ~~between 500 and~~ 3,500 ~~meters elevation~~.		In the Western Himalayas, landrace cannabis is cultivated by local communities and also occurs naturalized across steep valley systems from the Himalayan foothills (~300–600 m) through mid-elevation temperate valleys (e.g., Malana, Kullu, 1500 m through 3200m) to cold-desert basins above 3,000 m; published records extend to ~3,500 m in Lahaul–Spiti. <ref>https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/fub188/14541/ThexHolocene-2016-Demske-1661-75.pdf?sequence=1</ref> <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291116090_Retrospect_and_Prospects_of_Natural_Resource_and_Disaster_Management_in_Uttarakhand_Himalaya_Geo-environmental_Characteristics_Natural_Resources_and_Disasters_in_Uttarakhand_State</ref> <ref>https://www.eresearchco.com/articles/abnormal-meiosis-in-tetraploid-4x-cannabis-sativa-l-from-lahaulspiti-cold-desert-higher-altitude-himalayasa-neglected-bu.pdf</ref>

	The region's cannabis populations are cultivated primarily for [[charas]] production, with hand-rubbing techniques passed through generations of farming communities.		The region's cannabis populations are cultivated primarily for [[charas]] production, with hand-rubbing techniques passed through generations of farming communities.
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	====[[Lahaul and Spiti District]]====		====[[Lahaul and Spiti District]]====

	Due to the harsh climate and short growing season, as of 2015 is sparse evidence of current, intentional cannabis cultivation in Lahaul and Spiti districts. There are, however, feral, self seeding cannabis populations found near roadsides, rivers and temples throughout the district. <ref>https://www.eresearchco.com/articles/abnormal-meiosis-in-tetraploid-4x-cannabis-sativa-l-from-lahaulspiti-cold-desert-higher-altitude-himalayasa-neglected-bu.pdf~~#:~:text=Manali%20,reported%20here%20for%20the%20first~~</ref>		Due to the harsh climate and short growing season, as of 2015 is sparse evidence of current, intentional cannabis cultivation in Lahaul and Spiti districts. There are, however, feral, self seeding cannabis populations found near roadsides, rivers and temples throughout the district. <ref>https://www.eresearchco.com/articles/abnormal-meiosis-in-tetraploid-4x-cannabis-sativa-l-from-lahaulspiti-cold-desert-higher-altitude-himalayasa-neglected-bu.pdf</ref>

	* [[Trilokinath]]		* [[Trilokinath]]