Indonesia - Revision history

Eloise Zomia: /* The Heng Pov Parallel */

2026-03-17T08:38:33Z

The Heng Pov Parallel

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	The TNI briefing documents that security forces — military and police — "were reported to have promoted cannabis cultivation in rural areas and purchased cannabis from farmers at much lower prices than on the black market."<ref name="TNI2016"/> This protection system — in which security forces simultaneously enforce prohibition against unprotected farmers and extract rents from the production they notionally suppress — mirrors patterns documented in Cambodia's Koh Kong and Kirivong operations in the same period.		The TNI briefing documents that security forces — military and police — "were reported to have promoted cannabis cultivation in rural areas and purchased cannabis from farmers at much lower prices than on the black market."<ref name="TNI2016"/> This protection system — in which security forces simultaneously enforce prohibition against unprotected farmers and extract rents from the production they notionally suppress — mirrors patterns documented in Cambodia's Koh Kong and Kirivong operations in the same period.

	~~==== The Heng Pov Parallel ====~~

	In July 2006, '''Heng Pov''' — the '''former chief of Indonesia's Anti-Drug Police''' — fled Indonesia and alleged that "high-ranking government officials and well-connected businessmen were involved in drug trafficking, but were not prosecuted due to government pressure."<ref name="TNI2016"/> The BNN noted the difficulty of assessing the credibility of these claims. Heng Pov has not been prosecuted.

	~~A prominent criminologist, Adrianus Meliala, stated publicly that "the police, who are supposed to fight drug crime, are drug dealers and consumers."<ref name="TNI2016"/>~~

	==== Contrast with Small-Scale Enforcement ====		==== Contrast with Small-Scale Enforcement ====

Eloise Zomia at 12:46, 25 February 2026

2026-02-25T12:46:18Z

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	\|enforcement = Active eradication campaigns		\|enforcement = Active eradication campaigns
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	'''Indonesia''' harbours one of the most documentarily rich cannabis cultures in Southeast Asia, yet one of the least studied. In Aceh, on the northernmost tip of Sumatra, ''ganja'' has been roasted into goat curry, brewed into diabetes tea, and intercropped with coffee in highland gardens for centuries — uses so embedded in Acehnese daily life that a vice-presidential statement in 2007 defending them attracted no controversy: "It's alright to use it as a food seasoning."<ref name="TNI2016">Putri, D. and Blickman, T. (January 2016). ''Cannabis in Indonesia: Patterns in consumption, production, and policies''. Drug Policy Briefing No. 44. Amsterdam: Transnational Institute.</ref> The Dutch botanist Georgius Rumphius, stationed on Ambon in the 1670s and 1680s, produced the first detailed botanical description of cannabis in the Indonesian archipelago — including a record of a compact, curled-leaved variety from the Papuan and Sula Islands that has never been followed up by modern research.<ref name="Rumphius1741">Rumphius, G.E. (1741). ''Herbarium Amboinense'', Vol. V, t. 77.</ref>		'''Indonesia''' harbours one of the most documentarily rich cannabis cultures in Southeast Asia, yet one of the least studied. In Aceh, on the northernmost tip of Sumatra, ''ganja'' has been roasted into goat curry, brewed into diabetes tea, and intercropped with coffee in highland gardens for centuries — uses so embedded in Acehnese daily life that a vice-presidential statement in 2007 defending them attracted no controversy: "It's alright to use it as a food seasoning."<ref name="TNI2016">Putri, D. and Blickman, T. (January 2016). ''Cannabis in Indonesia: Patterns in consumption, production, and policies''. Drug Policy Briefing No. 44. Amsterdam: Transnational Institute.</ref> The Dutch botanist Georgius Rumphius, stationed on Ambon in the 1670s and 1680s, produced the first detailed botanical description of cannabis in the Indonesian archipelago — including a record of a compact, curled-leaved variety from the Papuan and Sula Islands that has never been followed up by modern research.<ref name="Rumphius1741">Rumphius, G.E. (1741). ''Herbarium Amboinense'', Vol. V, t. 77.</ref>

Eloise Zomia at 12:45, 25 February 2026

2026-02-25T12:45:59Z

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Eloise Zomia at 11:53, 25 February 2026

2026-02-25T11:53:20Z

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Eloise Zomia at 08:43, 24 February 2026

2026-02-24T08:43:31Z

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Eloise Zomia at 07:45, 24 February 2026

2026-02-24T07:45:58Z

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Eloise Zomia: Created page with "{{CountryProfile | country = Indonesia | local_name = Ganja (Indonesian/Acehnese) | region = Southeast Asia | gene_pool = Southeast Asian | status = Endangered | status_date = 2025 | primary_areas = Aceh, North Sumatra (Lake Toba), Papua | legal_status = Illegal | legal_since = 1927 (Verdoovende Middelen Ordonnantie); reinforced 1976, 1997, 2009 | primary_sources = Herbarium Amboinense (R..."

2026-02-24T07:35:44Z

Created page with "{{CountryProfile | country = Indonesia | local_name = Ganja (Indonesian/Acehnese) | region = Southeast Asia | gene_pool = Southeast Asian | status = Endangered | status_date = 2025 | primary_areas = Aceh, North Sumatra (Lake Toba), Papua | legal_status = Illegal | legal_since = 1927 (Verdoovende Middelen Ordonnantie); reinforced 1976, 1997, 2009 | primary_sources = Herbarium Amboinense (R..."

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