Landrace.Wiki - The Landrace Cannabis Wiki - New pages [en-gb]

Genetic diversity

Eloise Zomia — Tue, 28 Apr 2026 10:21:46 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Created page with " {{Page stub}} '''Genetic diversity''' is the variety of alleles and genotypes present within a species, a population or an individual. Category:Genetics Category:Population Genetics"

{{Page stub}}

'''Genetic diversity''' is the variety of alleles and genotypes present within a species, a population or an individual.

[[Category:Genetics]]
[[Category:Population Genetics]]

Genetic traits

Eloise Zomia — Tue, 28 Apr 2026 10:21:08 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Created page with " {{Page stub}} '''Genetic traits''' are heritable characters of an organism that vary among individuals and populations and are passed from parent to offspring through genetic inheritance. Category:Genetics Category:Quantitative Genetics"

{{Page stub}}

'''Genetic traits''' are heritable characters of an organism that vary among individuals and populations and are passed from parent to offspring through genetic inheritance.

[[Category:Genetics]]
[[Category:Quantitative Genetics]]

Chemotype

Eloise Zomia — Tue, 28 Apr 2026 10:19:50 GMT

Eloise Zomia:

{{Page stub}}

'''Chemotype''' is the classification of a cannabis plant or population by its dominant secondary-metabolite profile, most commonly the relative ratio of the principal cannabinoids tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA).

[[Category:Chemistry]]
[[Category:Cannabinoid Analysis]]

Eloise Zomia — Tue, 28 Apr 2026 07:11:28 GMT

Eloise Zomia:

{{Information page}}

There are three ways to follow Landrace.Wiki: Patreon, RSS, or direct contact. Each suits a different kind of reader. None of them require a wiki account.

== Patreon ==

The Landrace.Wiki Patreon is the project's main channel for updates. Posts cover progress on the wiki, new field material, and ongoing conservation work. The free membership tier delivers every public post by email at no cost. Paid tiers support the project directly.

Sign up at [https://www.patreon.com/landracewiki patreon.com/landracewiki].

The wider Zomia Collective Patreon at [https://www.patreon.com/zomia patreon.com/zomia] covers the seed-conservation work the wiki is built on top of, and is a separate subscription.

== RSS ==

For readers who follow the wiki through a feed reader, Landrace.Wiki exposes the standard MediaWiki feeds. These are the lowest-friction option for researchers and developers, and they require no account.

* '''Recent changes''' (everything edited on the wiki): {{fullurl:Special:RecentChanges|feed=rss}}
* '''New pages''' (only fresh pages, no minor edits): {{fullurl:Special:NewPages|feed=rss}}
* '''Watchlist''' (per-account, requires login): available from {{fullurl:Special:Watchlist}} once signed in

Feed readers that work well with these endpoints include Inoreader, Feedly and NetNewsWire.

== Direct contact ==

For researchers, journalists, conservation organisations or seed-bank curators who want a quieter relationship with the project, the editor can be reached through the [https://www.patreon.com/landracewiki Landrace.Wiki Patreon] message channel. State the topic and the cadence you would prefer (e.g. notify when an Indian growing region is updated). This is not a list-based broadcast; it is direct correspondence.

== Why no email newsletter ==

Landrace.Wiki does not currently run its own email subscriber list. The Patreon free tier already does that job, with deliverability and unsubscribe handling included. Standing up a parallel list at the project's current scale would duplicate work without adding value. If a dedicated newsletter is set up in future, it will be announced here.

== See also ==

* [[Landrace.Wiki:About]]: project overview
* [[Landrace.Wiki:Mission-Statement]]: conservation mission
* [[Landrace.Wiki:Contributing]]: how to contribute
* [[Help:Contents]]: full help guide

[[Category:About]]
[[Category:Reference]]

{{Basic information}}

Glossary

Eloise Zomia — Tue, 28 Apr 2026 06:51:13 GMT

Eloise Zomia:

{{Information page}}

This page defines the vocabulary used across Landrace.Wiki. It covers the wiki's house terminology (point of origin, reproduction, accession), the geographic hierarchy that organises content, and the main cannabis-related concepts a reader is likely to encounter on any page. Discipline-specific glossaries with deeper coverage are planned for individual portals, beginning with [[Glossary of cannabis botany]].

== Core concepts ==

;[[Landrace cannabis|Landrace]]
:A geographically and culturally defined population of a domesticated species, maintained by traditional farmers through ongoing [[In situ conservation|in-situ]] selection and open pollination. The wiki's working definition is set out at [[Landrace cannabis]].

;Population
:A group of individuals of the same species occupying a defined area and exchanging genes. Landraces are populations, not lines or strains.

;[[Mass selection]]
:Selection applied to a whole population by saving seed from many plants rather than from individual chosen parents. The mechanism that makes a [[Landrace cannabis|landrace]] a population.

;Open pollination
:Pollination unrestricted by isolation or controlled crossing. Allows free [[Gene flow|gene flow]] within a population.

;Autochtonous
:Native to the place where it is found. On accession pages: ''Yes'' if the population originated where it grows, ''No'' if it was introduced from elsewhere, ''Unknown'' otherwise.

;[[Cultivar]]
:A clonally or sexually propagated variety with a stable, named identity, maintained outside the population dynamics of a [[Landrace cannabis|landrace]].

;Hybrid
:The offspring of a cross between distinct populations or [[Cultivar|cultivars]]. Polyhybrids carry many lineages and are typically several generations removed from any original parent.

;[[Domestication]]
:The long-term genetic change in a wild species under human management. A continuum, not a single event.

== Wiki vocabulary ==

;[[Help:Accessions|Accession]]
:A documented sample of a cannabis population, with an ID, a collection date and a location. Each [[Help:Accessions|accession page]] on the wiki represents one such sample.

;[[Help:Documenting Accessions|Accession ID]]
:The unique identifier for an accession, in the format ''COL-COUNTRY-REGION-MMYYYYNNNN'' (e.g. ZOM-IND-WEB-0620250075). See [[Help:Documenting Accessions]] for the full naming scheme.

;Point of origin (POO)
:Material collected directly at the place where the population grows. Distinguished from material grown elsewhere from POO seed.

;Reproduction (repro)
:Seed produced outside the point of origin from POO parent material. A reproduction preserves genetics but loses the [[In situ conservation|in-situ]] environmental and selection pressures of the original site.

;Selection
:On the wiki, a sub-population chosen from within an [[Help:Accessions|accession]] for a specific trait, location or grower. Distinct from the parent accession but linked to it.

;Tier 1, Tier 2, Tier 3
:Documentation depth levels for [[Help:Accessions|accession pages]]. Tier 1 is the minimum viable record (about 46 fields). Tier 2 adds detailed morphology and cultivation data. Tier 3 adds lab analysis, genetic data and a full conservation assessment.

;Collector
:The person who collected the [[Help:Accessions|accession]]. Logged on each accession page; sometimes withheld for safety.

;Expedition
:A field trip during which one or more [[Help:Accessions|accessions]] are collected. Each carries a Trip ID linking related accessions.

;[[Help:Smoke reports|Smoke report]]
:A community-submitted subjective report on a specific accession's effects, aroma and character. Kept separate from the accession's botanical record. See [[Community/Smoke Reports]] for the listing.

== Geographic hierarchy ==

The wiki organises locations through seven conceptual levels. In practice, navigation usually follows the country to growing region to growing area path; the rest are classification metadata. See [[Help:Geographic pages]] for the full system.

;[[Gene pool]]
:A grouping of genetically related populations across a wide region (e.g. South Asian Gene Pool, Highland Lao Gene Pool).

;Regional complex
:A subdivision of a [[Gene pool|gene pool]] defined by shared geography and exchange (e.g. Hindu Kush-Himalayan, Khorat Plateau).

;[[Help:Growing regions|Growing region]]
:A discrete cannabis-growing area large enough to carry its own page (e.g. [[The Dooars]], [[Northern Laos]]).

;[[Help:Growing areas|Growing area]]
:A subregion within a [[Help:Growing regions|growing region]], typically corresponding to a valley, watershed or administrative district (e.g. [[Kullu Valley]], Chamurchi-Laxmi Duar).

;Appellation
:A named local origin within a [[Help:Growing areas|growing area]], used where a specific village or terroir produces a distinct expression (e.g. Khao Wang, Rasol).

;Field
:A specific cultivation site. Used when a single field is documented in its own right.

;Locality
:The settlement or village nearest the [[Help:Accessions|accession]]. Often used in news items and accession pages where finer subdivisions are not known.

== Cannabis types and preparations ==

;[[Cannabis use types|Drug-type cannabis]]
:Cannabis cultivated for cannabinoids, as distinct from fibre or seed cannabis.

;[[Hemp]]
:Cannabis cultivated for fibre or seed, with low cannabinoid content.

;[[NLD/BLD classification|NLD (Narrow Leaf Drug)]]
:A drug-type cannabis with narrow leaflets, longer flowering, and morphology associated with tropical and subtropical landraces. Often called "sativa" in vernacular usage.

;[[NLD/BLD classification|BLD (Broad Leaf Drug)]]
:A drug-type cannabis with broader leaflets, shorter flowering, and morphology associated with high-altitude and temperate landraces. Often called "indica" in vernacular usage.

;[[Sativa vs Indica|Sativa, Indica]]
:Vernacular labels for cannabis types, in widespread but inconsistent use. The wiki prefers [[NLD/BLD classification|NLD/BLD]] where botanical precision matters.

;Ganja
:Cured female cannabis flowers, particularly seeded flowers in South and Southeast Asian traditions. Also a general term for cannabis in many regional languages.

;[[Charas]]
:Hand-rubbed [[Hashish|hashish]] made by collecting [[Trichome|trichome]] resin from living plants. Traditional in the Western Himalayas.

;[[Hashish]]
:Cannabis resin separated from plant material by sieving, water extraction or pressure, then pressed.

;Hash plant
:A landrace selected primarily for resin production rather than flower quality. Common in [[Charas|charas]]-producing regions.

;[[Sinsemilla]]
:Seedless female cannabis flowers, produced by removing male plants before pollination.

;[[Bhang]]
:A traditional South Asian preparation of cannabis leaves and seeds, ground with milk and spices. Distinct from ganja and [[Charas|charas]].

;Kif
:The Moroccan cannabis [[Landrace cannabis|landrace]], and the traditional finely chopped preparation made from it. Use of "beldiya" for the same population is documented but considered displacive (see [[Landrace cannabis]]).

;Thai stick
:Premium Thai cannabis flowers tied to a skewer, produced for export during the 1970s and 1980s.

== Conservation ==

;[[In situ conservation|In-situ conservation]]
:Conservation of a population in its place of origin, maintained by the farmers and conditions that shaped it. The primary mode of conservation for [[Landrace cannabis|landraces]].

;[[Ex situ conservation|Ex-situ conservation]]
:Conservation of plant material outside its place of origin, typically as seeds in a gene bank. A complement to [[In situ conservation|in-situ]] work, not a substitute.

;[[Genetic erosion]]
:The loss of genetic diversity within a population over time. Drivers include genetic bottlenecks, displacement by hybrids, and loss of farmer management.

;[[Introgression]]
:The movement of genes from one population into another through hybridisation and backcrossing. The mechanism behind [[Genetic contamination|genetic contamination]].

;[[Genetic contamination]]
:Unintended [[Introgression|introgression]] of foreign genetics into a [[Landrace cannabis|landrace]], typically from nearby modern hybrids. A major contemporary threat.

;Genetic bottleneck
:A sharp reduction in population size that removes alleles from the gene pool. Can be caused by eradication, abandonment of cultivation, or collection of too few seeds.

;[[Genetic Drift|Genetic drift]]
:Random change in allele frequencies between generations, more pronounced in small populations.

;[[Gene flow]]
:The transfer of genetic material between populations through pollination or seed movement.

;[[Conservation Status|Conservation priority]]
:On accession pages: a triage rating of Critical, High, Medium or Low, indicating how urgent the conservation case is for that specific accession.

;[[Conservation Status]]
:On growing-region and growing-area pages: an IUCN-adapted assessment of the population's overall standing in its territory. Values: Stable, Vulnerable, Endangered, Critical, Extinct, Unknown.

== Botany and cultivation ==

;Genotype
:The genetic makeup of an individual or population.

;Phenotype
:The observable expression of a genotype in a given environment. Two plants of identical genotype can have different phenotypes.

;Photoperiod
:The day-length response that determines when a plant transitions from vegetative growth to flowering.

;[[Dioecy]]
:Male and female reproductive structures on separate plants. The default condition in cannabis.

;Hermaphroditism
:Male and female structures on the same plant. Common as a stress response and as a result of inbreeding.

;[[Roguing]]
:Removing undesirable individuals from a population before they contribute pollen or seed.

;Culling
:Removing male plants to prevent pollination, particularly in [[Sinsemilla|sinsemilla]] production. A practice that, repeated across generations, contributes to genetic bottlenecking.

;[[Trichome]]
:A glandular outgrowth on the cannabis flower and surrounding leaves, where most cannabinoids and terpenes are produced.

;Chemotype
:A classification of plants by their dominant cannabinoid profile, e.g. THC-dominant, CBD-dominant, balanced.

;Cannabinoid
:A class of secondary metabolites that includes THC, CBD, CBG, CBN, THCV and others.

;Terpene
:A class of aromatic compounds responsible for cannabis's smell. Major terpenes in cannabis include myrcene, limonene, pinene, caryophyllene, terpinolene and linalool.

== See also ==

* [[Glossary of cannabis botany]]: deeper coverage of botanical terminology (planned)
* [[Help:Accessions]]: how the accession system uses these terms
* [[Help:Geographic pages]]: how the geographic hierarchy is structured
* [[Landrace cannabis]]: the long-form definition page
* [[Help:Sourcing]]: how to cite definitions and concepts

[[Category:Help]]
[[Category:Glossary]]
[[Category:Reference]]

{{Basic information}}

Chilapata

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 15:50:21 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Created page with "{{Infobox Growing Area |area_name = Chilapata |other_names = Chilapata Forest, Mendabari |image = |image_caption = |show_map = yes |gene_pool = South Asian Gene Pool |regional_complex = Eastern Plains |growing_region = The Dooars |country = India |provinces = West Bengal |admin_2 = Alipurduar |admin_2_label = District |admin_3 = Kalchini |admin_3_label = Block |coordinates = 26.588961, 89.383339 |elevation_range = 50-150 m |area_extent = ~156 km² |terrain = Reserved f..."

{{Infobox Growing Area
|area_name = Chilapata
|other_names = Chilapata Forest, Mendabari
|image =
|image_caption =
|show_map = yes
|gene_pool = South Asian Gene Pool
|regional_complex = Eastern Plains
|growing_region = The Dooars
|country = India
|provinces = West Bengal
|admin_2 = Alipurduar
|admin_2_label = District
|admin_3 = Kalchini
|admin_3_label = Block
|coordinates = 26.588961, 89.383339
|elevation_range = 50-150 m
|area_extent = ~156 km²
|terrain = Reserved forest, sal-dominated mixed deciduous, alluvial floodplain fringes
|climate = Subtropical monsoon
|rainfall =
|seasons = Planting Spring, Harvest October-November
|status = Vulnerable
|boundary = 26.682370,89.351516;26.677314,89.327000;26.631711,89.344346;26.602621,89.342344;26.562611,89.354196;26.546928,89.344013;26.534182,89.343353;26.510826,89.329253;26.503874,89.334726;26.498598,89.359764;26.492371,89.403327;26.501976,89.418478;26.527398,89.426052;26.541147,89.413209;26.551880,89.413413;26.566184,89.419930;26.593278,89.428965;26.601930,89.424127;26.617726,89.423909;26.629944,89.415696;26.647416,89.408953;26.658687,89.409579;26.686653,89.406406;26.675389,89.377613;26.681020,89.363319
|description = Reserved forest and surrounding floodplain in central [[Alipurduar district]], forming the elephant corridor between [[Jaldapara]] National Park and [[Buxa Tiger Reserve]].
}}

'''Chilapata''' is a [[landrace cannabis]] growing area in [[Alipurduar district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]], comprising the [[Chilapata Forest|Chilapata Reserved Forest]] and the surrounding floodplain villages from Mendabari and Kodalbasti south to the Kalchini-Hamiltonganj corridor. The forest itself functions as the principal elephant corridor between [[Jaldapara]] and [[Buxa Tiger Reserve]], and supports both feral cannabis populations within its sal-dominated interior and domesticate cultivation in the gateway settlements.

Field documentation in the area was conducted by Iza and Éloïse for the [[Zomia Collective]] in June 2025.

{{Section stub}}

== Geography ==

{{Section stub}}

The Chilapata growing area sits between the Torsa river to the west and the Buxa foothills to the east, on the alluvial floodplain of the central Dooars. The forest reserve occupies the northern third of the polygon at slightly higher elevations (~100-150 m), with the surrounding agricultural floodplain at ~50-90 m. The southern margin extends into the Kalchini-Hamiltonganj village belt, where domesticate cultivation predominates over the feral populations characteristic of the forest fringe.

== Cultivation ==

{{Section stub}}

=== Population types ===

The growing area spans the full feral-domesticate gradient typical of the Dooars: feral stands within and along the forest fringe, hand-selected feral collections from cultivated edges and disturbed corridors, and village domesticate landraces in the surrounding floodplain settlements. Refer to the accession table below for per-locality breakdown.

== Accessions ==

{{#ask:
[[Category:Accessions]]
[[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]]
|?Has descriptive name=Name
|?Has locality=Locality
|?Has classification=Classification
|?Has selection type=Selection
|?Has conservation priority=Priority
|?Has collection date=Collected
|mainlabel=Accession ID
|format=table
|class=wikitable sortable
|sort=Has collection date
|order=desc
|default=No accessions documented yet.
}}

== Conservation Status ==

'''Conservation status: Vulnerable''' — Significant feral and cultivated populations documented in 2025, situated within and adjacent to a reserved forest and elephant corridor, no active eradication documented at the area level but subject to broader West Bengal enforcement context.

{{Section stub}}

== Recent News ==

{{#ask:
[[Category:News Item]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Alipurduar]]
|?Has event date=Date
|?Has event category=Category
|sort=Has event date
|order=desc
|limit=15
|format=broadtable
|class=wikitable sortable
|headers=plain
|mainlabel=Article
|default=No recent news items.
}}

== Gallery ==



== See Also ==

* [[Chilapata Forest]]
* [[Jaldapara]]
* [[Buxa Tiger Reserve]]
* [[Kalchini]]
* [[Hamiltonganj]]
* [[Alipurduar district]]
* [[The Dooars]]
* [[West Bengal]]
* [[India]]

== References ==

<references />

[[Category:Growing Areas]]

Johar Valley

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 14:06:28 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Created page with "{{Infobox Growing Area |area_name = Johar Valley |other_names = Johar, Goriganga Valley |image = |image_caption = |show_map = yes |gene_pool = South Asian Gene Pool |regional_complex = Himalayas |growing_region = Western Himalayas |country = India |provinces = Uttarakhand |admin_2 = Pithoragarh |admin_2_label = District |admin_3 = Munsyari |admin_3_label = Tehsil |coordinates = 30.350000, 80.050000 |elevation_range = 2,400-3,400 m |area_extent = |terrain = High-altitu..."

{{Infobox Growing Area
|area_name = Johar Valley
|other_names = Johar, Goriganga Valley
|image =
|image_caption =
|show_map = yes
|gene_pool = South Asian Gene Pool
|regional_complex = Himalayas
|growing_region = Western Himalayas
|country = India
|provinces = Uttarakhand
|admin_2 = Pithoragarh
|admin_2_label = District
|admin_3 = Munsyari
|admin_3_label = Tehsil
|coordinates = 30.350000, 80.050000
|elevation_range = 2,400-3,400 m
|area_extent =
|terrain = High-altitude glacial valley, terraced slopes
|climate = Alpine and sub-alpine
|rainfall =
|seasons = Planting April-May, Harvest October-November
|status = Vulnerable
|boundary =
|description = High-altitude valley of the upper Goriganga river in Pithoragarh district, traditional cannabis cultivation across Bhotiya summer villages.
}}

'''Johar Valley''' is a [[landrace cannabis]] growing area in [[Pithoragarh district]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]], comprising the upper valley of the Goriganga river above [[Munsyari]]. Cultivation is concentrated in a string of high-altitude Bhotiya villages historically used as summer settlements, with documented accessions from [[Saimat]], [[Panchhu]], [[Burphu]], [[Bilju]] and [[Martoli]] between approximately 2,400 m and 3,400 m elevation. Plantings are made in April-May with harvest in October-November.

Field documentation in the valley was conducted by Isabella and Roy for the [[Zomia Collective]] in September 2025.

{{Section stub}}

== Geography ==

{{Section stub}}

Johar Valley sits in the upper Goriganga catchment, draining south from the Indo-Tibetan watershed near Milam Glacier into the Kali river system. The valley forms part of the Kumaon sub-range of the [[Western Himalayas]] in eastern [[Uttarakhand]] and is bordered to the north by Tibet. Settlements documented for cannabis cultivation lie above the road head at Munsyari, accessed by foot trails through the Munsyari Tehsil of [[Pithoragarh district]].

== Cultivation ==

{{Section stub}}

=== Growing practices ===

{{Section stub}}

=== Sourcing types ===

Documented accessions span multiple sourcing modes: village selections from cultivated plants, hand selections from individual plants, household and retail sources from shopkeepers and resident families. Refer to the accession table below for per-village classification.

== Accessions ==

{{#ask:
[[Category:Accessions]]
[[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]]
|?Has descriptive name=Name
|?Has locality=Locality
|?Has elevation=Elevation
|?Has classification=Classification
|?Has selection type=Selection
|?Has conservation priority=Priority
|?Has collection date=Collected
|mainlabel=Accession ID
|format=table
|class=wikitable sortable
|sort=Has collection date
|order=desc
|default=No accessions documented yet.
}}

== Conservation Status ==

'''Conservation status: Vulnerable''' — Traditional high-altitude cultivation across a small number of villages, no active eradication documented, limited prior documentation in the literature.

{{Section stub}}

== Recent News ==

{{#ask:
[[Category:News Item]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Pithoragarh]]
|?Has event date=Date
|?Has event category=Category
|sort=Has event date
|order=desc
|limit=15
|format=broadtable
|class=wikitable sortable
|headers=plain
|mainlabel=Article
|default=No recent news items.
}}

== Gallery ==



== See Also ==

* [[Munsyari]]
* [[Pithoragarh district]]
* [[Western Himalayas]]
* [[Uttarakhand]]
* [[India]]
* [[Bhotiya]]

== References ==

<references />

[[Category:Growing Areas]]

Research Tools

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 12:34:29 GMT

Eloise Zomia:

{{Information page}}

This page is a directory for readers and researchers who want to '''cite Landrace.Wiki''' or use the data and tools it exposes. It also lists external databases and reference managers that pair well with the kind of work documented here.

If you are a contributor looking for guidance on how to cite ''sources you use within wiki articles'', see [[Help:Sourcing]]. If you want general orientation on what is on the site, see [[Help:Contents]] and the [[Landrace.Wiki:About|About]] page.

== Citing Landrace.Wiki ==

Landrace.Wiki is published by the [[Zomia Collective]] and released under the [[Landrace.Wiki:Copyrights|Creative Commons Attribution–ShareAlike 4.0 licence]]. You are free to cite, quote, redistribute and build upon any of its content provided attribution is given and derivative works carry the same licence.

Most academic and journalistic citation styles treat a wiki page as a web resource with a corporate author and an access date. The recommended corporate author for Landrace.Wiki citations is '''Landrace.Wiki contributors''', following the convention used by other reference projects.

Accession pages, growing-area pages and historical-source pages are the most commonly cited content types. Each is treated below.

=== Accession pages ===

Accessions are the most data-rich pages on the wiki. They carry an accession ID of the form <code>COL-COUNTRY-REGION-MMYYYYNNNN</code>, structured field data, and obfuscated coordinates at approximately 500m precision (see [[Landrace.Wiki:Privacy policy]]).

Cite the accession by its ID, which is also the page title and the canonical URL slug. Worked examples for accession <code>RSC-AFG-BAL-0120190001</code>:

;APA (7th ed.)
:Landrace.Wiki contributors. (n.d.). ''RSC-AFG-BAL-0120190001''. Landrace.Wiki. Retrieved 27 April 2026, from https://landrace.wiki/wiki/RSC-AFG-BAL-0120190001

;Chicago (notes-bibliography)
:"RSC-AFG-BAL-0120190001," Landrace.Wiki, accessed 27 April 2026, https://landrace.wiki/wiki/RSC-AFG-BAL-0120190001.

;MLA (9th ed.)
:"RSC-AFG-BAL-0120190001." ''Landrace.Wiki'', Zomia Collective, https://landrace.wiki/wiki/RSC-AFG-BAL-0120190001. Accessed 27 Apr. 2026.

;Vancouver
:Landrace.Wiki contributors. RSC-AFG-BAL-0120190001 [Internet]. Zomia Collective; [cited 2026 Apr 27]. Available from: https://landrace.wiki/wiki/RSC-AFG-BAL-0120190001

'''BibTeX'''

<pre>
@misc{lwacc-rsc-afg-bal-0120190001,
author = {{Landrace.Wiki contributors}},
title = {RSC-AFG-BAL-0120190001},
howpublished = {Landrace.Wiki},
year = {2026},
url = {https://landrace.wiki/wiki/RSC-AFG-BAL-0120190001},
urldate = {2026-04-27}
}
</pre>

When citing accession data points (a coordinate, a chemotype, a collection date), cite the accession page itself. Where the underlying field record has been deposited at [https://zenodo.org/communities/landrace/ Zenodo] with a DOI, cite the DOI in addition to or instead of the wiki page. DOIs are the more durable identifier.

=== Geographic pages ===

Country, growing-region and growing-area pages aggregate accession data and ethnobotanical material. Cite by page title and URL.

Example (APA):
:Landrace.Wiki contributors. (n.d.). ''Cambodia''. Landrace.Wiki. Retrieved 27 April 2026, from https://landrace.wiki/wiki/Cambodia

=== Historical-source pages ===

Pages in this class summarise and link to a primary historical text (Crévost & Lemarié, Martin 1975, ''Herbarium Amboinense'', and others). Two distinct things can be cited:

* The '''wiki page''' (a tertiary source, summarising the work)
* The '''original work''' itself (a primary or secondary source)

For most academic uses, cite the original work directly. Use the wiki page as a finding aid. Where the wiki page contains analysis or commentary not present in the original, cite both.

=== Concept and portal articles ===

Concept articles ([[Landrace cannabis]], [[Cannabis sativa]], [[Cannabis Botany]] and so on) and portal pages can be cited like any wiki article. They are working documents and may be revised; if precision matters, link to a permanent revision via <code>&oldid=</code> URLs:

https://landrace.wiki/index.php?title=Landrace_cannabis&oldid=12345

The "Permanent link" tool in the page sidebar produces this URL.

=== News and research items ===

[[Portal:Current Events|News items]] and [[Portal:Research|research items]] are short structured records. Cite the page title and URL. Where a news item references an underlying news source, cite the original source as well.

=== The wiki as a whole ===

For general references to the project rather than a specific page:

;APA
:Zomia Collective. (n.d.). ''Landrace.Wiki''. https://landrace.wiki

'''BibTeX'''

<pre>
@misc{landracewiki,
author = {{Zomia Collective}},
title = {Landrace.Wiki},
url = {https://landrace.wiki},
urldate = {2026-04-27}
}
</pre>

== Tools hosted on this wiki ==

=== Machine-readable API ===

Every accession, growing region and growing area is available through a public API. The base URL is <code>https://landrace.wiki/api.php</code> and queries follow the [[mw:API:Main page|MediaWiki Action API]] convention extended by [[mw:Extension:Semantic_MediaWiki|Semantic MediaWiki]]'s <code>action=askargs</code>.

A worked example, returning the descriptive name of one accession in JSON:

https://landrace.wiki/api.php?action=askargs&conditions=Category:Accessions&printouts=Has%20descriptive%20name&parameters=limit%3D1&format=json

Full endpoint documentation, the property list, the rate-limit policy and the licensing terms are at [[Landrace.Wiki:API]].

=== Semantic queries through the wiki interface ===

Three special pages provide ad-hoc query access without writing API calls:

* [[Special:Ask]] builds queries through a form and returns results as table, list, CSV or JSON.
* [[Special:Browse]] inspects all properties set on a single page.
* [[Special:Properties]] lists every defined property and how many pages use it.

Coordinates returned through any of these interfaces are obfuscated to the same approximately 500m precision as the public-facing maps.

=== Schema.org JSON-LD ===

Every accession page emits a [https://schema.org/Dataset Schema.org Dataset] block in its HTML head. Crawlers, search indices and AI agents that respect schema.org markup will see structured fields including <code>coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 500</code>, the licence, the creator (Zomia Collective) and a list of keywords. View source on any accession page to inspect the block, or fetch the page and parse the <code><script type="application/ld+json"></code> element.

=== Maps and geospatial layers ===

The [[Maps]] page hosts the project's interactive map, including marker clustering, growing-area polygons and a Three.js globe view. Underlying GeoJSON layers are exposed via Semantic MediaWiki CSV exports and can be ingested into QGIS, Leaflet, Mapbox or any other geospatial tool.

=== Sitemap and llms.txt ===

* <code>https://landrace.wiki/sitemap.xml</code> for crawlers
* <code>https://landrace.wiki/llms.txt</code> for language-model agents that respect the [https://llmstxt.org/ llms.txt] convention

== External research tools and databases ==

The tools below are not hosted by Landrace.Wiki but are routinely used in landrace cannabis research and complement what the wiki documents. Inclusion is descriptive, not endorsement.

=== Bibliographic and academic literature ===

* [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ PubMed] for biomedical and pharmacology literature
* [https://search.crossref.org/ Crossref] for DOI lookup and metadata across publishers
* [https://www.biorxiv.org/ bioRxiv] for cannabis genomics and botany preprints
* [https://scholar.google.com/ Google Scholar] for general-purpose literature search
* [https://www.openalex.org/ OpenAlex] as an open metadata alternative to commercial indices

=== Biodiversity and herbarium records ===

* [https://www.gbif.org/ GBIF], the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, for occurrence records of ''Cannabis'' worldwide
* [https://www.idigbio.org/ iDigBio] for digitised natural-history specimens, including herbarium sheets
* [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ Biodiversity Heritage Library] for open access to historical botanical literature
* [https://plants.jstor.org/ JSTOR Global Plants] for type specimens and African herbarium records
* [https://powo.science.kew.org/ Plants of the World Online] for accepted nomenclature

=== Genomic resources ===

* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ GenBank] for ''Cannabis'' nucleotide and genome sequences
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra SRA] for raw sequencing reads from published cannabis studies
* [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena ENA] (European Nucleotide Archive) for the EMBL mirror of the same data

=== Plant genetic resources and crop conservation ===

* [https://www.genesys-pgr.org/ Genesys] for the global aggregation of crop genebank holdings
* [https://www.fao.org/wiews/ FAO WIEWS] for national and international PGRFA reporting
* [https://cwrdiversity.org/ Crop Wild Relatives portal] for related-species occurrence data

=== Cannabis-focused resources ===

* [https://geopium.org/ Geopium] (Pierre-Arnaud Chouvy) for geography-of-drugs scholarship and policy analysis
* [https://www.unodc.org/ UNODC] World Drug Report and country profiles for enforcement and trade data
* [https://erowid.org/ Erowid] for older grey-literature ethnobotanical material (use with care; quality varies)
* [https://www.icmag.com/ ICmag] and similar grower forums for vernacular cultivation reports (treat as primary observation, not authority)

=== Geographic gazetteers and tools ===

* [https://www.geonames.org/ GeoNames] for place-name lookup and ISO codes
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/ OpenStreetMap] and [https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/ Nominatim] for boundary geometry
* [https://geojson.io/ geojson.io] for tracing and editing polygons in the browser
* [https://www.naturalearthdata.com/ Natural Earth] for cartographic base layers

== Citation and reference managers ==

Any reference manager that accepts BibTeX, RIS, or CSL JSON can store Landrace.Wiki citations. Notes on the most common ones:

* '''[https://www.zotero.org/ Zotero]'''. The Zotero browser connector treats most wiki pages as web resources by default; verify the captured "Author" field reads ''Landrace.Wiki contributors'' and the URL points at the slug, not a <code>&action=edit</code> or search URL.
* '''[https://github.com/JabRef/jabref JabRef]''' and other BibTeX-native managers. Use the <code>@misc</code> entry type with the templates above.
* '''[https://web.hypothes.is/ Hypothes.is]''' for collaborative annotation. Annotations are anchored to the page URL and persist across revisions; for citing a specific revision use the permalink <code>&oldid=</code> URL.
* '''[https://citation.crosscite.org/ Crossref Citation Formatter]''' if a DOI is involved (Zenodo deposits, journal articles cited from the wiki).

== Depositing your own field research ==

Field reports, ethnobotanical surveys and historical-source scholarship that the wiki then cites should ideally be deposited at a venue that mints a persistent identifier. The project maintains a [https://zenodo.org/communities/landrace/ Zenodo community] called '''Landrace Cannabis Research and Documentation''' for this purpose. Zenodo deposits receive a DOI, are versioned, accept ORCIDs for author attribution and are indexed by major scholarly aggregators.

The wiki itself is not a primary publication venue. Citing a Patreon post, a forum thread or a chat log on a wiki page weakens the citation chain. Where possible:

# Deposit the underlying material at Zenodo (CC-BY recommended)
# Cite the DOI on the wiki page
# Use the wiki to summarise, not to host, the primary record

This pattern keeps the wiki acting as a tertiary aggregator rather than a circular citation target.

== See also ==

* [[Help:Sourcing]] for in-article citation style and reference syntax
* [[Landrace.Wiki:API]] for the full API reference
* [[Landrace.Wiki:Copyrights]] for the licence terms
* [[Landrace.Wiki:Privacy policy]] for the data-precision policy
* [[Help:Documenting Accessions]] for guidance on contributing field-collected accession data
* [[Special:Properties]] for the live property catalogue

[[Category:Project pages]]
[[Category:Research]]

{{Basic information}}

Has reported aroma

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 08:40:28 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Created page with "Free-text aroma description from a community smoke report. Distinct from Property:Has aroma which records aroma observed at the original collection point. Has type::Text"

Free-text aroma description from a community smoke report. Distinct from [[Property:Has aroma]] which records aroma observed at the original collection point.

[[Has type::Text]]

Landrace cannabis research and documentation

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 05:59:08 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Created page with "{{page stub}}"

RSC-COD-UNK-0119900001

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 02:08:50 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Populate Smoke Reports section with {{Accession smoke reports}}

{{Accession
|descriptive_name = Congolese
|accession_id = RSC-COD-UNK-0119900001
|image =
|image_alt =
|image_caption =
|show_map = yes


|classification = Landrace IBL
|accession_type = Reproduction
|selection_type =
|sexual_characteristics =
|chemotype =
|primary_purpose = Recreation


|minimum_flowering_time = 13
|maximum_flowering_time = 17
|minimum_height = 2
|maximum_height =
|photoperiod_response =


|growth_pattern = Christmas tree
|branching =
|leaf_shape =
|leaflet_count =
|leaf_color = Light greens
|stem_color =
|stigma_color =
|serration =
|flower_structure = Dense


|processing_method = Ganja
|processing_notes =
|aroma = Chocolate, coffee, incense, leather
|effects = Long-lasting, euphoric, social, creative; calming and anti-anxiety toward close
|terpene_profile =


|gene_pool =
|regional_complex =
|growing_region =
|growing_area =
|appellation =
|field =


|country = Democratic Republic of the Congo
|province =
|admin_2 =
|admin_2_label =
|admin_3 =
|admin_3_label =
|admin_4 =
|admin_4_label =
|locality =
|coordinates =
|elevation =
|aspect =


|local_name =
|pronunciation =
|vernacular_translation =
|synonyms = Congo


|collection_method = Seeds
|sourcing_type = Multi-generation reproduction
|autochtonous = No
|collection_date =
|sample_harvest_date =
|collector = Angus
|farmer_name =
|expedition_id =


|conservation_priority = Low
|cultivation_status = Unknown
|cultivation_system_type = Unknown
|cultivation_scale =
|legal_enforcement_threats =
|eradication_date =
|population_estimate =
|male_female_ratio =
|population_hermaphroditism =
|culling =
|perceived_introgression_level = Minimal


|seed_sourcing =
|planting_method =
|cycle_1_earliest_planting =
|cycle_1_latest_planting =
|cycle_1_harvest_start =
|cycle_1_harvest_end =
|cycle_2_earliest_planting =
|cycle_2_latest_planting =
|cycle_2_harvest_start =
|cycle_2_harvest_end =
|observed_soil_type =
|soil_ph =


|seed_storage_location = The Real Seed Company
|seed_quantity =
|seed_weight =
|seed_viability =


|mother_plant_id =
|father_plant_id =
|related_accession =
|same_population_accessions =
}}

'''Congolese''' is a [[Landrace cannabis|landrace cannabis]] inbred line maintained by [[The Real Seed Company]].<ref>https://therealseedcompany.com/product/congolese-landrace-strain-cannabis-seeds/</ref> The line is described as African in origin, with founder material that arrived in Spain during the 1990s and has since undergone several generations of selective breeding under ex situ maintenance.

== Geography ==

The line is sold as Congolese, with RSC giving the geography as African at a latitude of approximately 4° South. RSC notes that the name "Congo" was applied to most African cannabis imports arriving in Spain during the 1990s and that the strain's exact origin within Africa is therefore uncertain. The country attribution on this page reflects the name under which the line is sold, not a confirmed point of origin.

== History ==

According to RSC, the line traces to material that arrived in Spain from Africa during the 1990s, where it has since been maintained and selectively bred over several generations. RSC believes the line has not been crossed with [[Northern Lights]] or other modern hybrids, distinguishing it from many other accessions sold under the "Congolese" or "Congo" labels in the seed trade.

== Collection Details ==

The founder material was brought into Spain during the 1990s and has been maintained ex situ since. No information is given about the original collection point, collector, or grower in Africa.

== Cultivation Details ==

The line has been adapted through selective breeding in Spain and is described as well-suited to indoor cultivation, in addition to outdoor and greenhouse production. RSC reports good tolerance for heat and humidity and good nutrient tolerance, with limited feeding necessary. Stretch in flower is considerable, with six to eight times stretch reported.

Outdoor plants reach over two meters in height. Flowering time is given as 90 to 120 days.

== Botanical Characteristics ==

Architecture is described as similar to classic [[Thai|Thai]] Sativa types, with some specimens exhibiting Christmas-tree forms. Foliage is typically lime-green. Internodes are long, but the buds themselves are quite dense.

The dried flowers are processed as ganja.

Limited intersex traits are reported, generally below 5% of the population.

== Aroma ==

Aromas of chocolate, coffee, incense, and leather are typical. Some variants are more fruity and sweet.

== Effects ==

The high is described as long-lasting and euphoric, with a social and creative character. Anti-anxiety and calming effects are reported toward its close.

== Conservation Status ==

Conservation priority is recorded as Low. The line is maintained ex situ by RSC and distributed through the seed trade. Origin-side conservation status cannot be assessed given the uncertainty around the line's exact provenance within Africa.

== Notes ==

RSC notes that "Congo" was a generic name applied to most African cannabis imports during the 1990s in Spain, meaning multiple distinct African landraces likely circulated under the same label. The exact origin of this particular line within Africa is therefore not established.

The product photograph used by RSC is a staged colonial-era image of Congolese men smoking ganja (referred to in the caption by the local term ''liamba''). RSC flags the racialized paternalism characteristic of the colonial-era source material it draws from.

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">
</gallery>

== Smoke Reports ==

{{Accession smoke reports}}

== See Also ==
* [[Landrace cannabis]]
* [[The Real Seed Company]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

News:2026-04-22/005812

Eloise Zomia — Wed, 22 Apr 2026 13:53:05 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2025-06-19
|category=Enforcement
|headline=LSPPO destroys over 5,000 marijuana plants in Sultan Dumalondong, Lanao del Sur
|summary=The Lanao del Sur Police Provincial Office (LSPPO) conducted a cannabis eradication operation in the upland hinterlands of Sultan Dumalondong on the morning of 19 June 2025, acting on a tip from local residents. Three alleged cultivators were arrested and more than 5,000 fully grown cannabis plants were uprooted across a roughly 2,000-square-metre plot, with an estimated standard drug price of ₱1 million. A portion of the seized material was burned on site; the remainder was retained for evidentiary use in charges against the suspects. The operation was led by newly appointed LSPPO Director Col. Caezar P. Cabuhat, who identified the targeted cultivator only by the alias "Rupug." During the on-site burning, gunshots were reported from south of the operation site; responding officers were unable to apprehend the unidentified shooter.
|source=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1252561
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2025)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Lanao del Sur
|admin2=Sultan Dumalondong
|coordinates=7.7634, 124.2536
|agency=Philippine National Police
|plants=5000
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2025-06-19]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::LSPPO destroys over 5,000 marijuana plants in Sultan Dumalondong, Lanao del Sur]]
[[Has event summary::The Lanao del Sur Police Provincial Office (LSPPO) conducted a cannabis eradication operation in the upland hinterlands of Sultan Dumalondong on the morning of 19 June 2025, acting on a tip from local residents. Three alleged cultivators were arrested and more than 5,000 fully grown cannabis plants were uprooted across a roughly 2,000-square-metre plot, with an estimated standard drug price of ₱1 million. A portion of the seized material was burned on site; the remainder was retained for evidentiary use in charges against the suspects. The operation was led by newly appointed LSPPO Director Col. Caezar P. Cabuhat, who identified the targeted cultivator only by the alias "Rupug." During the on-site burning, gunshots were reported from south of the operation site; responding officers were unable to apprehend the unidentified shooter.]]
[[Has source URL::https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1252561]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2025)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Lanao del Sur]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Sultan Dumalondong]]
[[Has event coordinates::7.7634, 124.2536]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine National Police]]
</div>

News:2026-04-22/005811

Eloise Zomia — Wed, 22 Apr 2026 13:44:09 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2025-10-19
|category=Enforcement
|headline=PDEA and PNP uproot 11,502 marijuana plants at South Cotabato–Sultan Kudarat boundary
|summary=Agents from the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Region 12 (Soccsksargen) and partner Philippine National Police units uprooted and destroyed approximately 11,502 fully grown cannabis plants on 19 October 2025 at a plantation straddling the boundaries of Columbio (Sultan Kudarat) and Tupi and Tampakan (South Cotabato). PDEA-12 reported the plantation as physically located in Barangay Miasong, Tupi. The seized material carried an estimated street value of ₱2.3 million. Most of the plants were incinerated at the site; two were retained for laboratory examination to serve as court evidence. PDEA-12 Regional Director Benjamin C. Recites III credited community intelligence with enabling the operation and appealed for continued tip-offs. The alleged plantation operator, known only by the alias "Jan Cris," remained at large at the time of reporting.
|source=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1261434
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2025)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=South Cotabato; Sultan Kudarat
|admin2=Tupi; Tampakan; Columbio
|locality=Miasong
|coordinates=6.4131, 125.0932
|agency=Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency; Philippine National Police
|plants=11502
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2025-10-19]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::PDEA and PNP uproot 11,502 marijuana plants at South Cotabato–Sultan Kudarat boundary]]
[[Has event summary::Agents from the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Region 12 (Soccsksargen) and partner Philippine National Police units uprooted and destroyed approximately 11,502 fully grown cannabis plants on 19 October 2025 at a plantation straddling the boundaries of Columbio (Sultan Kudarat) and Tupi and Tampakan (South Cotabato). PDEA-12 reported the plantation as physically located in Barangay Miasong, Tupi. The seized material carried an estimated street value of ₱2.3 million. Most of the plants were incinerated at the site; two were retained for laboratory examination to serve as court evidence. PDEA-12 Regional Director Benjamin C. Recites III credited community intelligence with enabling the operation and appealed for continued tip-offs. The alleged plantation operator, known only by the alias "Jan Cris," remained at large at the time of reporting.]]
[[Has source URL::https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1261434]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2025)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::South Cotabato; Sultan Kudarat]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Tupi; Tampakan; Columbio]]
[[Has locality::Miasong]]
[[Has event coordinates::6.4131, 125.0932]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency; Philippine National Police]]
</div>

News:2026-04-22/005811

Eloise Zomia — Wed, 22 Apr 2026 08:44:56 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2026-01-22
|category=Trafficking
|headline=Customs intercept ₱9.9M worth of imported kush at postal and Clark parcel channels
|summary=Bureau of Customs officers intercepted imported cannabis across two parcel-channel operations reported on 28 January 2026. At the Central Mail Exchange Center in Pasay City on 22 January, eight inbound postal parcels declared as clothing, dog food, and board games were found to contain approximately 2,482 grams of cannabis characterised as kush, with a reported standard drug price of over ₱3.7 million. In a separate operation, the BOC together with the Clark Inter-Agency Task Force Against Illegal Drugs seized approximately 4.11 kilograms of high-grade kush concealed in a cylindrical container within a shipment declared as a "polyester rug runner." That shipment originated in California and was consigned to San Mateo, Rizal; it was valued at ₱6.16 million. Combined across the two interceptions, BOC seized approximately 6.6 kilograms of imported cannabis valued at ₱9.9 million. Charges were framed under Section 4, Article II of Republic Act 9165 and provisions of Republic Act 10863 covering misdeclaration and unlawful importation. BOC Commissioner Ariel Nepomuceno attributed the seizures to sustained monitoring of parcel channels against trafficking networks.
|source=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1267896
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Metro Manila; Pampanga
|admin2=Pasay; Mabalacat
|locality=Central Mail Exchange Center; Clark Freeport Zone
|agency=Bureau of Customs
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-01-22]]
[[Has event category::Trafficking]]
[[Has event headline::Customs intercept ₱9.9M worth of imported kush at postal and Clark parcel channels]]
[[Has event summary::Bureau of Customs officers intercepted imported cannabis across two parcel-channel operations reported on 28 January 2026. At the Central Mail Exchange Center in Pasay City on 22 January, eight inbound postal parcels declared as clothing, dog food, and board games were found to contain approximately 2,482 grams of cannabis characterised as kush, with a reported standard drug price of over ₱3.7 million. In a separate operation, the BOC together with the Clark Inter-Agency Task Force Against Illegal Drugs seized approximately 4.11 kilograms of high-grade kush concealed in a cylindrical container within a shipment declared as a "polyester rug runner." That shipment originated in California and was consigned to San Mateo, Rizal; it was valued at ₱6.16 million. Combined across the two interceptions, BOC seized approximately 6.6 kilograms of imported cannabis valued at ₱9.9 million. Charges were framed under Section 4, Article II of Republic Act 9165 and provisions of Republic Act 10863 covering misdeclaration and unlawful importation. BOC Commissioner Ariel Nepomuceno attributed the seizures to sustained monitoring of parcel channels against trafficking networks.]]
[[Has source URL::https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1267896]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Metro Manila; Pampanga]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Pasay; Mabalacat]]
[[Has locality::Central Mail Exchange Center; Clark Freeport Zone]]
</div>

News:2026-04-22/005810

Eloise Zomia — Wed, 22 Apr 2026 08:24:24 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2026-01-30
|category=Enforcement
|headline=PDEA destroys ₱48.9M worth of marijuana in four-day Sugpon–Kibungan boundary campaign
|summary=The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Regional Office 1, working with the Ilocos Sur Police Provincial Office and local police units, conducted a series of coordinated eradication operations across the mountainous boundary of Sugpon, Ilocos Sur and Kibungan, Benguet from 27 to 30 January 2026. The combined operations destroyed cannabis reportedly valued at ₱48.9 million. A 27–28 January operation in Barangay Licungan, Sugpon destroyed approximately 46,750 fully grown plants across multiple plantation sites covering 10,450 square metres. A 28–29 January operation in the disputed-boundary area between Barangay Licungan (Sugpon) and Barangay Tacadang (Kibungan, Benguet) cleared 15,400 square metres of rugged terrain planted with mature cannabis valued at ₱12.97 million. A 29–30 January operation destroyed 126,900 fully grown plants and approximately 10 kilograms of dried cannabis across 28,950 square metres, valued at ₱26.58 million. PDEA Region 1 information officer Mariepe de Guzman confirmed the campaign on 30 January, and PDEA Regional Director Atty. Benjamin Gaspi framed the joint operations as preventing illegal drugs from reaching communities.
|source=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1268061
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Ilocos Sur; Benguet
|admin2=Sugpon; Kibungan
|locality=Licungan; Tacadang
|coordinates=16.77, 120.65
|agency=Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency; Philippine National Police
|hectares=5.48
|plants=173650
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-01-30]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::PDEA destroys ₱48.9M worth of marijuana in four-day Sugpon–Kibungan boundary campaign]]
[[Has event summary::The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Regional Office 1, working with the Ilocos Sur Police Provincial Office and local police units, conducted a series of coordinated eradication operations across the mountainous boundary of Sugpon, Ilocos Sur and Kibungan, Benguet from 27 to 30 January 2026. The combined operations destroyed cannabis reportedly valued at ₱48.9 million. A 27–28 January operation in Barangay Licungan, Sugpon destroyed approximately 46,750 fully grown plants across multiple plantation sites covering 10,450 square metres. A 28–29 January operation in the disputed-boundary area between Barangay Licungan (Sugpon) and Barangay Tacadang (Kibungan, Benguet) cleared 15,400 square metres of rugged terrain planted with mature cannabis valued at ₱12.97 million. A 29–30 January operation destroyed 126,900 fully grown plants and approximately 10 kilograms of dried cannabis across 28,950 square metres, valued at ₱26.58 million. PDEA Region 1 information officer Mariepe de Guzman confirmed the campaign on 30 January, and PDEA Regional Director Atty. Benjamin Gaspi framed the joint operations as preventing illegal drugs from reaching communities.]]
[[Has source URL::https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1268061]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Ilocos Sur; Benguet]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Sugpon; Kibungan]]
[[Has locality::Licungan; Tacadang]]
[[Has event coordinates::16.77, 120.65]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency; Philippine National Police]]
[[Has hectares eradicated::5.48]]
</div>

News:2026-04-22/005809

Eloise Zomia — Wed, 22 Apr 2026 08:21:09 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2026-02-28
|category=Enforcement
|headline=PRO 1 destroys ₱88M worth of marijuana across 191 Ilocos operations in February 2026
|summary=Police Regional Office 1 reported 191 anti-illegal drug operations conducted across the Ilocos region during February 2026, with combined seizures valued at ₱94.2 million and 203 suspects arrested. Cannabis eradication accounted for ₱88 million of the total, comprising 388,072 fully grown plants, 111,100 seedlings, 31 kilograms of stalks, and 20 kilograms of fruiting tops. Separate parallel operations yielded 849.44 grams of shabu, 101.21 grams of dried cannabis, 18 grams of kush, and 4 millilitres of cannabis liquid. PRO 1 information office chief Maj. Divina Albino said the bulk of operations were conducted in Pangasinan and Ilocos Sur provinces. PRO 1 Director Brig. Gen. Dindo Reyes framed the activity as alignment with national-government direction to further intensify drug enforcement at the barangay level.
|source=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1270317
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Pangasinan; Ilocos Sur
|agency=Philippine National Police
|plants=499172
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-02-28]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::PRO 1 destroys ₱88M worth of marijuana across 191 Ilocos operations in February 2026]]
[[Has event summary::Police Regional Office 1 reported 191 anti-illegal drug operations conducted across the Ilocos region during February 2026, with combined seizures valued at ₱94.2 million and 203 suspects arrested. Cannabis eradication accounted for ₱88 million of the total, comprising 388,072 fully grown plants, 111,100 seedlings, 31 kilograms of stalks, and 20 kilograms of fruiting tops. Separate parallel operations yielded 849.44 grams of shabu, 101.21 grams of dried cannabis, 18 grams of kush, and 4 millilitres of cannabis liquid. PRO 1 information office chief Maj. Divina Albino said the bulk of operations were conducted in Pangasinan and Ilocos Sur provinces. PRO 1 Director Brig. Gen. Dindo Reyes framed the activity as alignment with national-government direction to further intensify drug enforcement at the barangay level.]]
[[Has source URL::https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1270317]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Pangasinan; Ilocos Sur]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine National Police]]
</div>

News:2026-04-22/005808

Eloise Zomia — Wed, 22 Apr 2026 08:18:51 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2026-03-07
|category=Trafficking
|headline=Customs and PDEA seize 800 kg Thailand-origin marijuana worth ₱1.2B at Manila International Container Port
|summary=Bureau of Customs officers, working with the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency and the Philippine Coast Guard, seized approximately 800 kilograms of vacuum-sealed cannabis at the Manila International Container Port on 7 March 2026. The material, reported at ₱1.2 billion at standard drug price, was concealed across 80 boxes within a shipment declared as containing rubber mats and plastic wares. The container had arrived from Thailand. An individual identifying himself as the broker's representative was apprehended during the examination. The shipment had been flagged by the BOC Intelligence Group's Risk Management Office and subjected to a 100 percent physical examination. BOC Commissioner Ariel Nepomuceno attributed the interdiction to risk assessment, intelligence coordination, and frontline inspection. The seized cannabis was formally turned over to PDEA for disposal.
|source=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1270855
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Metro Manila
|admin2=Manila
|locality=Manila International Container Port
|agency=Bureau of Customs; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency; Philippine Coast Guard
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-03-07]]
[[Has event category::Trafficking]]
[[Has event headline::Customs and PDEA seize 800 kg Thailand-origin marijuana worth ₱1.2B at Manila International Container Port]]
[[Has event summary::Bureau of Customs officers, working with the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency and the Philippine Coast Guard, seized approximately 800 kilograms of vacuum-sealed cannabis at the Manila International Container Port on 7 March 2026. The material, reported at ₱1.2 billion at standard drug price, was concealed across 80 boxes within a shipment declared as containing rubber mats and plastic wares. The container had arrived from Thailand. An individual identifying himself as the broker's representative was apprehended during the examination. The shipment had been flagged by the BOC Intelligence Group's Risk Management Office and subjected to a 100 percent physical examination. BOC Commissioner Ariel Nepomuceno attributed the interdiction to risk assessment, intelligence coordination, and frontline inspection. The seized cannabis was formally turned over to PDEA for disposal.]]
[[Has source URL::https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1270855]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Metro Manila]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Manila]]
[[Has locality::Manila International Container Port]]
</div>

News:2026-04-22/005807

Eloise Zomia — Wed, 22 Apr 2026 08:11:59 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2026-04-17
|category=Enforcement
|headline=Police destroy ₱2.2M marijuana plantation in Loreto, Agusan del Sur
|summary=The Agusan del Sur Police Provincial Office, with support from the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency and other provincial police units, destroyed a cannabis plantation at Sitio Bagtok, Barangay Kasapa 1, Loreto, Agusan del Sur on 17 April 2026. Authorities uprooted 11,000 mature plants and 300 seedlings across an approximately 15,000-square-metre site in upland terrain. The seized material was valued at more than ₱2.2 million at standard drug price. ADSPPO Director Col. Yahya Bustamante Yusup identified the alleged cultivator only by the alias "Gusion," described as a local farmer who remained at large at the time of reporting. Yusup credited community support for the discovery and eradication of the site.
|source=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1273148
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Agusan del Sur
|admin2=Loreto
|locality=Kasapa 1
|coordinates=8.18, 125.77
|agency=Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
|hectares=1.5
|plants=11300
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-04-17]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::Police destroy ₱2.2M marijuana plantation in Loreto, Agusan del Sur]]
[[Has event summary::The Agusan del Sur Police Provincial Office, with support from the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency and other provincial police units, destroyed a cannabis plantation at Sitio Bagtok, Barangay Kasapa 1, Loreto, Agusan del Sur on 17 April 2026. Authorities uprooted 11,000 mature plants and 300 seedlings across an approximately 15,000-square-metre site in upland terrain. The seized material was valued at more than ₱2.2 million at standard drug price. ADSPPO Director Col. Yahya Bustamante Yusup identified the alleged cultivator only by the alias "Gusion," described as a local farmer who remained at large at the time of reporting. Yusup credited community support for the discovery and eradication of the site.]]
[[Has source URL::https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1273148]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Agusan del Sur]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Loreto]]
[[Has locality::Kasapa 1]]
[[Has event coordinates::8.18, 125.77]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency]]
[[Has hectares eradicated::1.5]]
</div>

News:2026-04-22/005806

Eloise Zomia — Wed, 22 Apr 2026 08:09:32 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2023-11-07
|category=Enforcement
|headline=PDEA and police destroy ₱2.12M marijuana plantation at Sitio Nakawa, San Gabriel, La Union
|summary=Joint operatives of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Region 1 and the La Union Police Provincial Office destroyed a cannabis plantation at Sitio Nakawa, Barangay Lon-oy, San Gabriel, La Union on the morning of 7 November 2023. The plantation covered approximately 1,950 square metres. Officers uprooted and burned on site 10,500 seedlings and 8,500 fully grown plants, for a combined total of 19,000 plants with a reported value of ₱2.12 million. PDEA Ilocos Regional Director Joel Plaza confirmed the destruction; regional information officer Maripe De Guzman said in a 9 November interview that no arrests were made, with a suspect identified but still undergoing verification. The cultivator would face charges under Section 16, Article II of Republic Act 9165, the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.
|source=https://pia.gov.ph/news/pdea-pnp-destroy-marijuana-plantation-in-la-union-town/
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2023)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=La Union
|admin2=San Gabriel
|locality=Lon-oy
|coordinates=16.78, 120.50
|agency=Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency; Philippine National Police
|hectares=0.195
|plants=19000
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2023-11-07]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::PDEA and police destroy ₱2.12M marijuana plantation at Sitio Nakawa, San Gabriel, La Union]]
[[Has event summary::Joint operatives of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Region 1 and the La Union Police Provincial Office destroyed a cannabis plantation at Sitio Nakawa, Barangay Lon-oy, San Gabriel, La Union on the morning of 7 November 2023. The plantation covered approximately 1,950 square metres. Officers uprooted and burned on site 10,500 seedlings and 8,500 fully grown plants, for a combined total of 19,000 plants with a reported value of ₱2.12 million. PDEA Ilocos Regional Director Joel Plaza confirmed the destruction; regional information officer Maripe De Guzman said in a 9 November interview that no arrests were made, with a suspect identified but still undergoing verification. The cultivator would face charges under Section 16, Article II of Republic Act 9165, the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.]]
[[Has source URL::https://pia.gov.ph/news/pdea-pnp-destroy-marijuana-plantation-in-la-union-town/]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2023)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::La Union]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::San Gabriel]]
[[Has locality::Lon-oy]]
[[Has event coordinates::16.78, 120.50]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency; Philippine National Police]]
[[Has hectares eradicated::0.195]]
</div>

News:2026-04-22/005805

Eloise Zomia — Wed, 22 Apr 2026 08:04:13 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2025-06-13
|category=Enforcement
|headline=Police destroy 7,500 marijuana plants worth ₱1.5M in Tinglayan, Kalinga
|summary=The 1st Kalinga Provincial Mobile Force Company conducted a cannabis eradication operation in Tinglayan municipality, Kalinga on 13 June 2025. Approximately 7,500 fully grown plants with a reported standard drug price of ₱1.5 million were destroyed. The operation was reported retrospectively at the end of June 2025 alongside a 31 May operation in the same municipality. The article did not identify the specific barangay or cultivators. Joint forces participating in Kalinga eradication activity during the period included the Kalinga Police Provincial Office, Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region, Criminal Investigation and Detection Group Kalinga, and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Kalinga office.
|source=https://pia.gov.ph/news/authorities-destroy-p2-9-m-marijuana-nab-drug-personality-in-kalinga/
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2025)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Kalinga
|admin2=Tinglayan
|coordinates=17.27, 121.08
|agency=Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
|plants=7500
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2025-06-13]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::Police destroy 7,500 marijuana plants worth ₱1.5M in Tinglayan, Kalinga]]
[[Has event summary::The 1st Kalinga Provincial Mobile Force Company conducted a cannabis eradication operation in Tinglayan municipality, Kalinga on 13 June 2025. Approximately 7,500 fully grown plants with a reported standard drug price of ₱1.5 million were destroyed. The operation was reported retrospectively at the end of June 2025 alongside a 31 May operation in the same municipality. The article did not identify the specific barangay or cultivators. Joint forces participating in Kalinga eradication activity during the period included the Kalinga Police Provincial Office, Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region, Criminal Investigation and Detection Group Kalinga, and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Kalinga office.]]
[[Has source URL::https://pia.gov.ph/news/authorities-destroy-p2-9-m-marijuana-nab-drug-personality-in-kalinga/]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2025)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Kalinga]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Tinglayan]]
[[Has event coordinates::17.27, 121.08]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency]]
</div>

News:2026-04-22/005804

Eloise Zomia — Wed, 22 Apr 2026 08:02:39 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2025-05-31
|category=Enforcement
|headline=Police destroy 7,000 marijuana plants worth ₱1.4M in Tinglayan, Kalinga
|summary=The 1st Kalinga Provincial Mobile Force Company conducted a cannabis eradication operation in Tinglayan municipality, Kalinga on 31 May 2025. Approximately 7,000 fully grown plants with a reported standard drug price of ₱1.4 million were destroyed. The operation was reported retrospectively at the end of June 2025 alongside a 13 June operation in the same municipality. The article did not identify the specific barangay or cultivators. Joint forces participating in Kalinga eradication activity during the period included the Kalinga Police Provincial Office, Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region, Criminal Investigation and Detection Group Kalinga, and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Kalinga office.
|source=https://pia.gov.ph/news/authorities-destroy-p2-9-m-marijuana-nab-drug-personality-in-kalinga/
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2025)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Kalinga
|admin2=Tinglayan
|coordinates=17.27, 121.08
|agency=Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
|plants=7000
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2025-05-31]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::Police destroy 7,000 marijuana plants worth ₱1.4M in Tinglayan, Kalinga]]
[[Has event summary::The 1st Kalinga Provincial Mobile Force Company conducted a cannabis eradication operation in Tinglayan municipality, Kalinga on 31 May 2025. Approximately 7,000 fully grown plants with a reported standard drug price of ₱1.4 million were destroyed. The operation was reported retrospectively at the end of June 2025 alongside a 13 June operation in the same municipality. The article did not identify the specific barangay or cultivators. Joint forces participating in Kalinga eradication activity during the period included the Kalinga Police Provincial Office, Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region, Criminal Investigation and Detection Group Kalinga, and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Kalinga office.]]
[[Has source URL::https://pia.gov.ph/news/authorities-destroy-p2-9-m-marijuana-nab-drug-personality-in-kalinga/]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2025)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Kalinga]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Tinglayan]]
[[Has event coordinates::17.27, 121.08]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency]]
</div>

News:2026-04-22/005803

Eloise Zomia — Wed, 22 Apr 2026 07:56:03 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2025-07-01
|category=Policy
|headline=Cordillera police disclose named marijuana eradication programmes and Q2 2025 totals at ICAD briefing
|summary=At the second-quarter 2025 meeting of the Cordillera Inter-agency Committee on Anti-illegal Drugs Advocacy Cluster, held in Baguio City on 1 July 2025, Police Captain Frederick Chiday of the Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region disclosed several named operational frameworks under which the Benguet and Kalinga Provincial Police Offices conduct cannabis eradication. The Benguet PPO runs '''Oplan Binnadang Gabot''', a year-long eradication plan covering the municipalities of Kibungan, Kapangan, and Bakun, framed around the Cordilleran concept of ''binnadang'' (collective community action) and structured under a "quad concept" of operations, implementation, investigations, and community affairs. The Benguet PPO also conducts '''Oplan Marso''', a month-long campaign each March timed to the dry-season harvest window, combining aerial and ground surveillance with eradication and case filing. The Kalinga PPO runs '''Oplan Charlie Weed''', focused on remote mountainous and marijuana-prone barangays in Tinglayan municipality, and '''Oplan Ganja 2''', emphasising rapid entry to target areas using land-navigation methodology to disrupt planting and harvest cycles. Chiday reported that PRO CAR conducted 75 marijuana eradication operations between March and June 2025, with seized illegal drugs including cannabis and methamphetamine valued at over ₱76.8 million. The PRO CAR's information-education campaign component includes the Kabataan Kontra Droga at Terorismo programme, mobilising students and youth in barangays, schools, and workplaces.
|source=https://pia.gov.ph/news/cordillera-police-sustains-intensified-crackdown-on-marijuana/
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2025)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Cordillera Administrative Region
|agency=Philippine National Police
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2025-07-01]]
[[Has event category::Policy]]
[[Has event headline::Cordillera police disclose named marijuana eradication programmes and Q2 2025 totals at ICAD briefing]]
[[Has event summary::At the second-quarter 2025 meeting of the Cordillera Inter-agency Committee on Anti-illegal Drugs Advocacy Cluster, held in Baguio City on 1 July 2025, Police Captain Frederick Chiday of the Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region disclosed several named operational frameworks under which the Benguet and Kalinga Provincial Police Offices conduct cannabis eradication. The Benguet PPO runs '''Oplan Binnadang Gabot''', a year-long eradication plan covering the municipalities of Kibungan, Kapangan, and Bakun, framed around the Cordilleran concept of ''binnadang'' (collective community action) and structured under a "quad concept" of operations, implementation, investigations, and community affairs. The Benguet PPO also conducts '''Oplan Marso''', a month-long campaign each March timed to the dry-season harvest window, combining aerial and ground surveillance with eradication and case filing. The Kalinga PPO runs '''Oplan Charlie Weed''', focused on remote mountainous and marijuana-prone barangays in Tinglayan municipality, and '''Oplan Ganja 2''', emphasising rapid entry to target areas using land-navigation methodology to disrupt planting and harvest cycles. Chiday reported that PRO CAR conducted 75 marijuana eradication operations between March and June 2025, with seized illegal drugs including cannabis and methamphetamine valued at over ₱76.8 million. The PRO CAR's information-education campaign component includes the Kabataan Kontra Droga at Terorismo programme, mobilising students and youth in barangays, schools, and workplaces.]]
[[Has source URL::https://pia.gov.ph/news/cordillera-police-sustains-intensified-crackdown-on-marijuana/]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2025)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Cordillera Administrative Region]]
</div>

News:2026-04-22/005802

Eloise Zomia — Wed, 22 Apr 2026 07:53:32 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Eloise Zomia moved page News:2026-04-22/005802 to News:2025-07-08/Trafficking/police-arrest-three-seize-2m-in-cannabis-products-including-vape-cartridges-and-kush-in-mabalacat-buy-bust-pam without leaving a redirect: Auto-canonicalize NewsItem title

{{NewsItem
|date=2025-07-08
|category=Trafficking
|headline=Police arrest three, seize ₱2M in cannabis products including vape cartridges and kush in Mabalacat buy-bust, Pampanga
|summary=Operatives of the Mabalacat City Police Station, under the Pampanga Police Provincial Office, arrested three men aged 24, 25, and 28 in a buy-bust operation in Barangay Bical, Mabalacat City, Pampanga on 8 July 2025. The suspects were classified as high-value individuals. Police recovered two kilograms of dried cannabis leaves valued at ₱240,000; 520 grams of suspected kush valued at ₱858,000; 218 cannabis-flavoured vape cartridges valued at ₱872,000; and 19 pieces of cannabis oil valued at ₱30,000, for a combined reported value of approximately ₱2 million at standard drug price. Pampanga PPO Director PCOL Eugene Marcelo characterised the seizure as evidence of a shift in the local market toward processed and high-end cannabis products marketed to younger consumers, distinct from the traditional dried-leaf trade. Police Regional Office 3 Director PBGEN Ponce Rogelio Peñones Jr. credited the operation as part of a province-wide crackdown on illegal drugs. The suspects face charges under Republic Act 9165, the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.
|source=https://pia.gov.ph/news/luzon/cl/p2m-worth-of-marijuana-products-seized-in-mabalacat-buy-bust/
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Pampanga
|admin2=Malabacat
|locality=Bical
|coordinates=15.22, 120.59
|agency=Philippine National Police
}}

News:2026-04-22/005801

Eloise Zomia — Wed, 22 Apr 2026 07:50:14 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2025-06-03
|category=Trafficking
|headline=Police seize ₱3.5M worth of dried marijuana from abandoned vehicle in La Trinidad, Benguet
|summary=Approximately 30 kilograms of dried cannabis in tubular form were recovered from an abandoned vehicle at Barangay Upper Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet on 3 June 2025. The material, reported at an estimated street value of ₱3.5 million, was seized by anti-illegal drug authorities in the Cordillera and subsequently destroyed at Camp Bado Dangwa, La Trinidad on 14 July 2025 in a joint destruction ceremony led by the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Cordillera office and the Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region. The original seizure yielded no arrests; the article did not identify the vehicle occupants. PRO CAR Regional Director Brig. Gen. David Peredo Jr. framed the destruction as a warning to those involved in the cultivation, transport, and distribution of illegal drugs in the region, and PDEA CAR Regional Director Derrick Carreon acknowledged the inter-agency partnership at the ceremony. Presumptive chemical screening for tetrahydrocannabinol was performed before the material was burned and certificates of destruction signed by the panel.
|source=https://pia.gov.ph/news/pdea-pnp-destroy-p3-5m-worth-of-marijuana-in-benguet/
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Benguet
|admin2=La Trinidad
|locality=Upper Wangal
|coordinates=16.47, 120.58
|agency=Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2025-06-03]]
[[Has event category::Trafficking]]
[[Has event headline::Police seize ₱3.5M worth of dried marijuana from abandoned vehicle in La Trinidad, Benguet]]
[[Has event summary::Approximately 30 kilograms of dried cannabis in tubular form were recovered from an abandoned vehicle at Barangay Upper Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet on 3 June 2025. The material, reported at an estimated street value of ₱3.5 million, was seized by anti-illegal drug authorities in the Cordillera and subsequently destroyed at Camp Bado Dangwa, La Trinidad on 14 July 2025 in a joint destruction ceremony led by the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Cordillera office and the Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region. The original seizure yielded no arrests; the article did not identify the vehicle occupants. PRO CAR Regional Director Brig. Gen. David Peredo Jr. framed the destruction as a warning to those involved in the cultivation, transport, and distribution of illegal drugs in the region, and PDEA CAR Regional Director Derrick Carreon acknowledged the inter-agency partnership at the ceremony. Presumptive chemical screening for tetrahydrocannabinol was performed before the material was burned and certificates of destruction signed by the panel.]]
[[Has source URL::https://pia.gov.ph/news/pdea-pnp-destroy-p3-5m-worth-of-marijuana-in-benguet/]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Benguet]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::La Trinidad]]
[[Has locality::Upper Wangal]]
[[Has event coordinates::16.47, 120.58]]
</div>

News:2026-04-22/005800

Eloise Zomia — Wed, 22 Apr 2026 07:48:12 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2025-10-06
|category=Trafficking
|headline=Kibungan police seize ₱10.3M worth of dried marijuana at Poblacion checkpoint, Benguet
|summary=Kibungan Municipal Police Station, under Acting Chief of Police PCpt Arnel Abellera, seized 86 kilograms of dried cannabis in tubular form at an early-morning checkpoint in Barangay Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet on 6 October 2025. Police reported the seized material at a standard drug price of ₱10.32 million. A white Mitsubishi Strada pickup stopped approximately 100 metres from the checkpoint; its two occupants abandoned the vehicle and fled on foot before officers could reach them. No arrests were made. Kibungan Mayor Agustin Tello, a retired police colonel, commended the station for maintaining checkpoint operations in the early hours of the morning. PNP Acting Chief Police Lieutenant General Jose Melencio Nartatez Jr. and PNP Spokesperson Police Brigadier General Randulf Tuaño issued separate statements framing the seizure as part of the PNP's sustained posture against cannabis trafficking in Benguet and the wider Cordillera.
|source=https://pia.gov.ph/news/kibungan-mps-confiscates-p10m-worth-of-marijuana-leaves/
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Benguet
|admin2=Kibungan
|locality=Poblacion
|coordinates=16.88, 120.72
|agency=Philippine National Police
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2025-10-06]]
[[Has event category::Trafficking]]
[[Has event headline::Kibungan police seize ₱10.3M worth of dried marijuana at Poblacion checkpoint, Benguet]]
[[Has event summary::Kibungan Municipal Police Station, under Acting Chief of Police PCpt Arnel Abellera, seized 86 kilograms of dried cannabis in tubular form at an early-morning checkpoint in Barangay Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet on 6 October 2025. Police reported the seized material at a standard drug price of ₱10.32 million. A white Mitsubishi Strada pickup stopped approximately 100 metres from the checkpoint; its two occupants abandoned the vehicle and fled on foot before officers could reach them. No arrests were made. Kibungan Mayor Agustin Tello, a retired police colonel, commended the station for maintaining checkpoint operations in the early hours of the morning. PNP Acting Chief Police Lieutenant General Jose Melencio Nartatez Jr. and PNP Spokesperson Police Brigadier General Randulf Tuaño issued separate statements framing the seizure as part of the PNP's sustained posture against cannabis trafficking in Benguet and the wider Cordillera.]]
[[Has source URL::https://pia.gov.ph/news/kibungan-mps-confiscates-p10m-worth-of-marijuana-leaves/]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Benguet]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Kibungan]]
[[Has locality::Poblacion]]
[[Has event coordinates::16.88, 120.72]]
</div>

News:2026-04-22/005851

Eloise Zomia — Wed, 22 Apr 2026 06:23:08 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2025-11-04
|category=Trafficking
|headline=Police arrest two men, seize ₱17.7M worth of dried marijuana at Bakun checkpoint, Benguet
|summary=Police operatives of the 1st Benguet Provincial Mobile Force Company arrested two men at a checkpoint in Barangay Gambang, Bakun, Benguet on 4 November 2025. According to the police account, a vehicle approaching the checkpoint at Sitio Gakian reversed course toward Barangay Ampusongan and was intercepted after a pursuit at Sitio Mogao, also in Gambang. The two occupants, aged 25 and 24, reportedly claimed to be residents of Parañaque City. Officers recovered 127 tubular bundles of dried leaves totalling 127 kilograms, reported at a standard drug price of ₱15.2 million; a yellow sack containing 10.27 kilograms of dried leaves valued at ₱1.2 million; and a garbage bag holding 10.4 kilograms of dried leaves and stalks also valued at ₱1.2 million. The suspects and seized material were taken to Bakun Municipal Police Station for processing and filing of charges under Republic Act 9165, the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.
|source=https://pia.gov.ph/news/police-nab-2-suspects-seize-p17-7-m-marijuana-in-benguet/
|part_of_campaign=
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Benguet
|admin2=Bakun
|locality=Gambang
|coordinates=16.80, 120.79
|agency=Philippine National Police
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2025-11-04]]
[[Has event category::Trafficking]]
[[Has event headline::Police arrest two men, seize ₱17.7M worth of dried marijuana at Bakun checkpoint, Benguet]]
[[Has event summary::Police operatives of the 1st Benguet Provincial Mobile Force Company arrested two men at a checkpoint in Barangay Gambang, Bakun, Benguet on 4 November 2025. According to the police account, a vehicle approaching the checkpoint at Sitio Gakian reversed course toward Barangay Ampusongan and was intercepted after a pursuit at Sitio Mogao, also in Gambang. The two occupants, aged 25 and 24, reportedly claimed to be residents of Parañaque City. Officers recovered 127 tubular bundles of dried leaves totalling 127 kilograms, reported at a standard drug price of ₱15.2 million; a yellow sack containing 10.27 kilograms of dried leaves valued at ₱1.2 million; and a garbage bag holding 10.4 kilograms of dried leaves and stalks also valued at ₱1.2 million. The suspects and seized material were taken to Bakun Municipal Police Station for processing and filing of charges under Republic Act 9165, the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.]]
[[Has source URL::https://pia.gov.ph/news/police-nab-2-suspects-seize-p17-7-m-marijuana-in-benguet/]]
[[Has part of campaign::|country=Philippines]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Benguet]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Bakun]]
[[Has locality::Gambang]]
[[Has event coordinates::16.80, 120.79]]
</div>

News:2026-04-22/005852

Eloise Zomia — Wed, 22 Apr 2026 06:16:12 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2025-12-24
|category=Enforcement
|headline=Police destroy ₱2.25M worth of marijuana in Kibungan and Bakun, Benguet
|summary=Joint operatives of the Benguet Police Provincial Office, the Regional Intelligence Division of Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region, Regional Intelligence Unit-14, and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Cordillera regional office destroyed cannabis plantations in Barangay Tacadang, Kibungan and Barangay Kayapa, Bakun on 24 December 2025. Approximately 11,250 fully grown plants with a reported standard drug price of ₱2.25 million were uprooted. The operation was conducted by the Kibungan and Bakun municipal police stations, the 1st Benguet Provincial Mobile Force Company, and the Benguet Provincial Drug Enforcement and Intelligence Units. The raid was reported alongside same-day operations in Kalinga as part of continuing PRO CAR eradication activity during the 2025 holiday season.
|source=https://pia.gov.ph/news/p11m-worth-of-marijuana-destroyed-in-sustained-anti-illegal-drug-operations-in-car/
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2025)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Benguet
|admin2=Kibungan; Bakun
|locality=Tacadang; Kayapa
|coordinates=16.85, 120.75
|agency=Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
|plants=11250
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2025-12-24]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::Police destroy ₱2.25M worth of marijuana in Kibungan and Bakun, Benguet]]
[[Has event summary::Joint operatives of the Benguet Police Provincial Office, the Regional Intelligence Division of Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region, Regional Intelligence Unit-14, and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Cordillera regional office destroyed cannabis plantations in Barangay Tacadang, Kibungan and Barangay Kayapa, Bakun on 24 December 2025. Approximately 11,250 fully grown plants with a reported standard drug price of ₱2.25 million were uprooted. The operation was conducted by the Kibungan and Bakun municipal police stations, the 1st Benguet Provincial Mobile Force Company, and the Benguet Provincial Drug Enforcement and Intelligence Units. The raid was reported alongside same-day operations in Kalinga as part of continuing PRO CAR eradication activity during the 2025 holiday season.]]
[[Has source URL::https://pia.gov.ph/news/p11m-worth-of-marijuana-destroyed-in-sustained-anti-illegal-drug-operations-in-car/]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2025)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Benguet]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Kibungan; Bakun]]
[[Has locality::Tacadang; Kayapa]]
[[Has event coordinates::16.85, 120.75]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency]]
</div>

News:2026-04-22/005853

Eloise Zomia — Wed, 22 Apr 2026 06:14:01 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2025-12-24
|category=Enforcement
|headline=Police destroy ₱9M worth of marijuana at five Tinglayan plantation sites, Kalinga
|summary=Joint operatives of the Kalinga Police Provincial Office and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Kalinga office destroyed five cannabis plantation sites across four barangays in Tinglayan, Kalinga on 24 December 2025. Approximately 45,000 fully grown plants with a reported standard drug price of ₱9 million were uprooted at sites in Barangays Loccong, Buscalan, Butbut Proper, and Tulgao East. The operation was conducted by the 2nd Kalinga Provincial Mobile Force Company, the Tinglayan, Tanudan, Balbalan, and Rizal municipal police stations, and the Kalinga Provincial Drug Enforcement and Intelligence Units. The raid was reported alongside same-day operations in Benguet as part of continuing Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region eradication activity during the 2025 holiday season. PNP Acting Chief Police Lieutenant General Jose Melencio Nartatez Jr. said operations would continue through the holidays given the harm illegal drugs cause to families and communities, framing the effort under the "Bagong PNP para sa Bagong Pilipinas" agenda of strengthened enforcement and community trust.
|source=https://pia.gov.ph/news/p11m-worth-of-marijuana-destroyed-in-sustained-anti-illegal-drug-operations-in-car/
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2025)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Kalinga
|admin2=Tinglayan
|locality=Loccong; Buscalan; Butbut Proper; Tulgao East
|coordinates=17.27, 121.08
|agency=Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
|plants=45000
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2025-12-24]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::Police destroy ₱9M worth of marijuana at five Tinglayan plantation sites, Kalinga]]
[[Has event summary::Joint operatives of the Kalinga Police Provincial Office and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Kalinga office destroyed five cannabis plantation sites across four barangays in Tinglayan, Kalinga on 24 December 2025. Approximately 45,000 fully grown plants with a reported standard drug price of ₱9 million were uprooted at sites in Barangays Loccong, Buscalan, Butbut Proper, and Tulgao East. The operation was conducted by the 2nd Kalinga Provincial Mobile Force Company, the Tinglayan, Tanudan, Balbalan, and Rizal municipal police stations, and the Kalinga Provincial Drug Enforcement and Intelligence Units. The raid was reported alongside same-day operations in Benguet as part of continuing Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region eradication activity during the 2025 holiday season. PNP Acting Chief Police Lieutenant General Jose Melencio Nartatez Jr. said operations would continue through the holidays given the harm illegal drugs cause to families and communities, framing the effort under the "Bagong PNP para sa Bagong Pilipinas" agenda of strengthened enforcement and community trust.]]
[[Has source URL::https://pia.gov.ph/news/p11m-worth-of-marijuana-destroyed-in-sustained-anti-illegal-drug-operations-in-car/]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2025)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Kalinga]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Tinglayan]]
[[Has locality::Loccong; Buscalan; Butbut Proper; Tulgao East]]
[[Has event coordinates::17.27, 121.08]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency]]
</div>

Philippines

Eloise Zomia — Wed, 22 Apr 2026 05:05:56 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Created page with "{{Infobox Country |country_name = Philippines |local_name = Pilipinas |flag = Flag of the Philippines.svg |capital = Manila |continent = Asia |gene_pool = Southeast Asian |legal_status = Illegal |legal_status_class = illegal |legal_status_year = 2002 |enforcement = Active eradication campaigns |coordinates = 12.8797, 121.7740 }}  == Cannabis in Philippine Culture == ''Main article: Cannabis in Philippine culture'' {{Section stub}} =..."

{{Infobox Country
|country_name = Philippines
|local_name = Pilipinas
|flag = Flag of the Philippines.svg
|capital = Manila
|continent = Asia
|gene_pool = Southeast Asian
|legal_status = Illegal
|legal_status_class = illegal
|legal_status_year = 2002
|enforcement = Active eradication campaigns
|coordinates = 12.8797, 121.7740
}}



== Cannabis in Philippine Culture ==

''Main article: [[Cannabis in Philippine culture]]''

{{Section stub}}

=== Vocabulary ===

{{Section stub}}

=== Traditional Use ===

{{Section stub}}

=== Indigenous Cordillera Context ===

{{Section stub}}

== Legal History ==

=== Spanish Colonial Period (1565–1898) ===

{{Section stub}}

=== American Colonial Period (1898–1946) ===

{{Section stub}}

=== Post-Independence: RA 6425 and its Predecessors ===

{{Section stub}}

=== Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 (RA 9165) ===

{{Section stub}}

=== The Duterte Drug War (2016–2022) ===

{{Section stub}}

=== Post-Duterte Policy (2022–present) ===

{{Section stub}}

=== Current Legal Status ===

{{Section stub}}

== Cultivation History ==

{{Section stub}}

=== Cordillera Emergence (1980s–1990s) ===

{{Section stub}}

=== 21st Century Consolidation ===

{{Section stub}}

=== Geographic Distribution ===

{{Section stub}}

== Growing Practices ==

=== Traditional Agronomy ===

{{Section stub}}

=== Modern Prohibition-Era Cultivation ===

{{Section stub}}

=== Processing ===

{{Section stub}}

== Varieties and Genetics ==

{{Section stub}}

=== Botanical Classification ===

{{Section stub}}

=== Morphology ===

{{Section stub}}

=== Quality and Market Tiers ===

{{Section stub}}

== The Market ==

{{Section stub}}

=== Supply Chain ===

{{Section stub}}

== Enforcement ==

=== Agencies ===

{{Section stub}}

=== Eradication Campaigns ===

The 2026 calendar year campaign is tracked in detail at ''[[Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]''.

{{Section stub}}

=== Selective Enforcement ===

{{Section stub}}

=== Recent News ===

{{#ask:[[Category:News Item]][[Has country::Philippines]]
|?Has event date=Date
|?Has admin subdivision 1=Province
|?Has event category=Category
|sort=Has event date
|order=desc
|limit=10
|format=broadtable
|class=wikitable sortable
|headers=plain
|mainlabel=Article
|default=No recent news items.
}}

== Growing Regions ==

''Main article: [[Landrace cannabis growing regions of the Philippines]], See also: [[Landrace cannabis growing areas of the Philippines]]''

{{#ask:[[Category:Growing Region]][[Has country::Philippines]]
|?Has conservation status
|mainlabel=Region
|format=table
|class=wikitable sortable
|default=No growing regions documented yet.
}}

=== Growing Areas ===

{{#ask:[[Category:Growing Areas]][[Has country::Philippines]]
|?Has growing region
|?Has conservation status
|mainlabel=Area
|format=table
|class=wikitable sortable
|default=No growing areas documented yet.
}}

== Conservation Status ==

''Main article: [[Landrace cannabis conservation in the Philippines]]''

{{Section stub}}

{{EradicationMap|country=Philippines|category=Enforcement|title=Philippines: Landrace cannabis eradication map|height=600px|limit=2000}}

== See Also ==

* [[Southeast Asian Gene Pool]]
* [[Cordillera Administrative Region]]
* [[Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]
* [[Portal:Current Events]]

== Bibliography ==

{{Section stub}}

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

<references />

[[Category:Country]]
[[Category:Asia]]
[[Category:Southeast Asia]]

News:2026-04-20/143912

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 20:15:01 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2026-03-15
|category=Enforcement
|headline=Cordillera police destroy 89,240 marijuana plants in 33 operations, 9–15 March; 15 arrested in parallel drug ops
|summary=The Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region (PRO CAR), working with the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency, reported 33 cannabis eradication operations across the region between 9 and 15 March 2026. Officers uprooted 87,740 fully grown plants, 1,500 seedlings, and 146.72 kilograms of dried leaves and fruiting tops. Combined with parallel drug operations the same week — eight buy-bust operations, two police response operations, and one warrant service — the total seized material was valued at ₱43,695,200. Fifteen individuals were arrested during the buy-bust and response operations, six classified as "high-value" and nine as "street-level," in Benguet, Kalinga, and Baguio City. No arrests were reported from the 33 eradication operations. Fourteen grams of shabu were also seized.
|source=https://pia.gov.ph/news/pro-car-seizes-p43-6-m-illegal-drugs-nabs-15-personalities/
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Cordillera Administrative Region
|agency=Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
|plants=89240
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-03-15]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::Cordillera police destroy 89,240 marijuana plants in 33 operations, 9–15 March; 15 arrested in parallel drug ops]]
[[Has event summary::The Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region (PRO CAR), working with the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency, reported 33 cannabis eradication operations across the region between 9 and 15 March 2026. Officers uprooted 87,740 fully grown plants, 1,500 seedlings, and 146.72 kilograms of dried leaves and fruiting tops. Combined with parallel drug operations the same week — eight buy-bust operations, two police response operations, and one warrant service — the total seized material was valued at ₱43,695,200. Fifteen individuals were arrested during the buy-bust and response operations, six classified as "high-value" and nine as "street-level," in Benguet, Kalinga, and Baguio City. No arrests were reported from the 33 eradication operations. Fourteen grams of shabu were also seized.]]
[[Has source URL::https://pia.gov.ph/news/pro-car-seizes-p43-6-m-illegal-drugs-nabs-15-personalities/]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Cordillera Administrative Region]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency]]
</div>

News:2026-04-20/143969

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 20:10:00 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2026-03-17
|category=Enforcement
|headline=Police destroy ₱20M marijuana plantation in Kimbutan, Dupax del Sur; 10,311 plants uprooted
|summary=On 17 March 2026, police led by Dupax del Sur Municipal Police chief Maj. Anthony Ayungo destroyed a 1,200-square-metre cannabis plantation in Sitio Gunot, Barangay Kimbutan, Dupax del Sur, Nueva Vizcaya. Authorities uprooted 10,311 fully grown plants with a reported street value of ₱20 million. The site had been discovered a day earlier, on 16 March, during routine monitoring, and was accessible only after an approximately four-hour mountain trek from the barangay proper. The operation included personnel from the 2nd Nueva Vizcaya Provincial Mobile Force Company, the Provincial Intelligence Unit, the Provincial Drug Enforcement Group, and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency, with barangay officials, media, and Department of Justice personnel present as witnesses. No arrests were made. Ayungo described the terrain as deliberately prepared for cultivation, citing the remote location as evidence of organised operation. Samples were retained for forensic analysis, and the remainder of the material was burned on site.
|source=https://pia.gov.ph/news/nueva-vizcaya-cops-destroy-p20m-worth-of-marijuana-plants/
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Nueva Vizcaya
|admin2=Dupax del Sur
|locality=Kimbutan
|coordinates=16.14, 121.23
|agency=Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
|hectares=0.12
|plants=10311
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-03-17]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::Police destroy ₱20M marijuana plantation in Kimbutan, Dupax del Sur; 10,311 plants uprooted]]
[[Has event summary::On 17 March 2026, police led by Dupax del Sur Municipal Police chief Maj. Anthony Ayungo destroyed a 1,200-square-metre cannabis plantation in Sitio Gunot, Barangay Kimbutan, Dupax del Sur, Nueva Vizcaya. Authorities uprooted 10,311 fully grown plants with a reported street value of ₱20 million. The site had been discovered a day earlier, on 16 March, during routine monitoring, and was accessible only after an approximately four-hour mountain trek from the barangay proper. The operation included personnel from the 2nd Nueva Vizcaya Provincial Mobile Force Company, the Provincial Intelligence Unit, the Provincial Drug Enforcement Group, and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency, with barangay officials, media, and Department of Justice personnel present as witnesses. No arrests were made. Ayungo described the terrain as deliberately prepared for cultivation, citing the remote location as evidence of organised operation. Samples were retained for forensic analysis, and the remainder of the material was burned on site.]]
[[Has source URL::https://pia.gov.ph/news/nueva-vizcaya-cops-destroy-p20m-worth-of-marijuana-plants/]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Nueva Vizcaya]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Dupax del Sur]]
[[Has locality::Kimbutan]]
[[Has event coordinates::16.14, 121.23]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency]]
[[Has hectares eradicated::0.12]]
</div>

News:2026-04-20/143968

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 20:05:16 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2026-03-23
|category=Enforcement
|headline=Three marijuana plantations raided in Kimbutan, Dupax del Sur; ₱12.9M destroyed
|summary=On 23 March 2026, joint operatives of the Dupax del Sur Municipal Police Station, Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency, and other units raided three cannabis plantations in Barangay Kimbutan, Dupax del Sur, Nueva Vizcaya. Authorities reported the destroyed material as valued at ₱12.9 million, though plant counts and area were not disclosed. The three sites were described as located in separate areas near a prior raid on 17 March 2026, which had uncovered a plantation in the same barangay valued at ₱20 million. Dupax del Sur police chief Maj. Anthony Ayungo said the plantations showed signs of organised cultivation, including fertiliser use and a developed irrigation system. The tip to authorities reportedly came from residents. Police stated the pattern suggests widespread cultivation in the upland and rugged areas of Nueva Vizcaya, and that investigations were ongoing to identify cultivators and financiers.
|source=https://www.manilatimes.net/2026/03/27/regions/more-marijuana-plantations-raided-in-nueva-vizcaya/2308559
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Nueva Vizcaya
|admin2=Dupax del Sur
|locality=Kimbutan
|coordinates=16.14, 121.23
|agency=Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-03-23]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::Three marijuana plantations raided in Kimbutan, Dupax del Sur; ₱12.9M destroyed]]
[[Has event summary::On 23 March 2026, joint operatives of the Dupax del Sur Municipal Police Station, Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency, and other units raided three cannabis plantations in Barangay Kimbutan, Dupax del Sur, Nueva Vizcaya. Authorities reported the destroyed material as valued at ₱12.9 million, though plant counts and area were not disclosed. The three sites were described as located in separate areas near a prior raid on 17 March 2026, which had uncovered a plantation in the same barangay valued at ₱20 million. Dupax del Sur police chief Maj. Anthony Ayungo said the plantations showed signs of organised cultivation, including fertiliser use and a developed irrigation system. The tip to authorities reportedly came from residents. Police stated the pattern suggests widespread cultivation in the upland and rugged areas of Nueva Vizcaya, and that investigations were ongoing to identify cultivators and financiers.]]
[[Has source URL::https://www.manilatimes.net/2026/03/27/regions/more-marijuana-plantations-raided-in-nueva-vizcaya/2308559]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Nueva Vizcaya]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Dupax del Sur]]
[[Has locality::Kimbutan]]
[[Has event coordinates::16.14, 121.23]]
</div>

News:2026-04-20/143967

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 20:03:18 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2026-04-19
|category=Enforcement
|headline=PNP destroys ₱25.7M worth of marijuana in 22 Cordillera operations, 13–19 April 2026
|summary=The Philippine National Police reported 22 cannabis eradication operations conducted across the Cordillera Administrative Region between 13 and 19 April 2026, yielding approximately 94,918 fully grown plants and 56.6 kilograms of dried material, with a combined value of ₱25.7 million. Benguet accounted for 17 operations, 14,418 plants, and ₱9.68 million worth of material. A single operation in Mountain Province yielded 60,000 plants valued at ₱12 million. Four operations in Kalinga destroyed 20,500 plants valued at ₱4.1 million. PNP chief Gen. Jose Melencio Nartatez Jr. framed the week's activity as part of a sustained campaign against cannabis at source, aligned with the PNP's Focused Agenda under Enhanced Managing Police Operations.
|source=https://www.manilatimes.net/2026/04/20/regions/p257m-marijuana-wiped-out-pnp/2323509
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Benguet; Mountain Province; Kalinga
|agency=Philippine National Police
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-04-19]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::PNP destroys ₱25.7M worth of marijuana in 22 Cordillera operations, 13–19 April 2026]]
[[Has event summary::The Philippine National Police reported 22 cannabis eradication operations conducted across the Cordillera Administrative Region between 13 and 19 April 2026, yielding approximately 94,918 fully grown plants and 56.6 kilograms of dried material, with a combined value of ₱25.7 million. Benguet accounted for 17 operations, 14,418 plants, and ₱9.68 million worth of material. A single operation in Mountain Province yielded 60,000 plants valued at ₱12 million. Four operations in Kalinga destroyed 20,500 plants valued at ₱4.1 million. PNP chief Gen. Jose Melencio Nartatez Jr. framed the week's activity as part of a sustained campaign against cannabis at source, aligned with the PNP's Focused Agenda under Enhanced Managing Police Operations.]]
[[Has source URL::https://www.manilatimes.net/2026/04/20/regions/p257m-marijuana-wiped-out-pnp/2323509]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Benguet; Mountain Province; Kalinga]]
</div>

News:2026-04-20/143966

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 19:59:12 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2026-04-19
|category=Enforcement
|headline=Police destroy 6,000 marijuana plants in Loccong, Tinglayan
|summary=In a separate operation conducted by the Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region on 18–19 April 2026, approximately 6,000 fully grown cannabis plants valued at ₱1.2 million were uprooted in Barangay Loccong, Tinglayan, Kalinga. All plants were documented and burned on site, with samples retained for laboratory examination. The article did not identify the cultivators or the specific site within the barangay.
|source=https://www.manilatimes.net/2026/04/21/regions/p247m-illegal-drugs-seized-15-nabbed-in-cordillera/2324165
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Kalinga
|admin2=Tinglayan
|locality=Loccong
|coordinates=17.25, 121.03
|agency=Philippine National Police
|plants=6000
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-04-19]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::Police destroy 6,000 marijuana plants in Loccong, Tinglayan]]
[[Has event summary::In a separate operation conducted by the Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region on 18–19 April 2026, approximately 6,000 fully grown cannabis plants valued at ₱1.2 million were uprooted in Barangay Loccong, Tinglayan, Kalinga. All plants were documented and burned on site, with samples retained for laboratory examination. The article did not identify the cultivators or the specific site within the barangay.]]
[[Has source URL::https://www.manilatimes.net/2026/04/21/regions/p247m-illegal-drugs-seized-15-nabbed-in-cordillera/2324165]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Kalinga]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Tinglayan]]
[[Has locality::Loccong]]
[[Has event coordinates::17.25, 121.03]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine National Police]]
</div>

News:2026-04-20/143965

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 19:57:32 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Eloise Zomia moved page News:2026-04-20/143965 to News:2026-04-19/Enforcement/police-destroy-60-000-marijuana-plants-along-sadanga-tinglayan-boundary without leaving a redirect: Auto-canonicalize NewsItem title

{{NewsItem
|date=2026-04-19
|category=Enforcement
|headline=Police destroy 60,000 marijuana plants along Sadanga–Tinglayan boundary
|summary=In eradication operations conducted by the Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region on 18–19 April 2026, approximately 60,000 fully grown cannabis plants valued at ₱12 million were destroyed along the boundary of Sadanga, Mountain Province and Tinglayan, Kalinga. All plants were documented and burned on site, with samples retained for laboratory examination. The article did not identify the specific barangays involved or the alleged cultivators.
|source=https://www.manilatimes.net/2026/04/21/regions/p247m-illegal-drugs-seized-15-nabbed-in-cordillera/2324165
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Kalinga; Mountain Province
|admin2=Tinglayan; Sadanga
|agency=Philippine National Police
|plants=60000
}}

News:2026-04-20/143964

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 19:55:53 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2026-04-19
|category=Enforcement
|headline=Oplan Ultimate Grasscutter destroys 6,300 marijuana plants across 11 sites in Bakun, Kapangan, Kibungan
|summary=A two-day cannabis eradication drive conducted under "Oplan Benguet Ultimate Grasscutter" on 18 and 19 April 2026 uncovered 11 plantation sites across the Benguet municipalities of Bakun, Kapangan, and Kibungan. Authorities uprooted 6,300 fully grown plants and seized 84,370 grams of dried leaves with fruiting tops. The combined value was reported at ₱24.7 million. The operation was led by Benguet Police Provincial Office officer-in-charge Col. Ledon Monte with support from the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Cordillera regional office. All plants and dried material were documented and burned on site, with samples retained for laboratory examination. This is the first reported operational output from Oplan Ultimate Grasscutter since its 25 February 2026 launch.
|source=https://www.manilatimes.net/2026/04/21/regions/p247m-illegal-drugs-seized-15-nabbed-in-cordillera/2324165
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Benguet
|admin2=Bakun; Kapangan; Kibungan
|agency=Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
|plants=6300
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-04-19]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::Oplan Ultimate Grasscutter destroys 6,300 marijuana plants across 11 sites in Bakun, Kapangan, Kibungan]]
[[Has event summary::A two-day cannabis eradication drive conducted under "Oplan Benguet Ultimate Grasscutter" on 18 and 19 April 2026 uncovered 11 plantation sites across the Benguet municipalities of Bakun, Kapangan, and Kibungan. Authorities uprooted 6,300 fully grown plants and seized 84,370 grams of dried leaves with fruiting tops. The combined value was reported at ₱24.7 million. The operation was led by Benguet Police Provincial Office officer-in-charge Col. Ledon Monte with support from the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Cordillera regional office. All plants and dried material were documented and burned on site, with samples retained for laboratory examination. This is the first reported operational output from Oplan Ultimate Grasscutter since its 25 February 2026 launch.]]
[[Has source URL::https://www.manilatimes.net/2026/04/21/regions/p247m-illegal-drugs-seized-15-nabbed-in-cordillera/2324165]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Benguet]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Bakun; Kapangan; Kibungan]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency]]
</div>

News:2026-04-20/143963

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 19:49:07 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2026-02-20
|category=Policy
|headline=Cordillera police deploy 49-operator SQUADRONE drone unit as 2026 seizures nearly triple year-on-year
|summary=At a press briefing on 20 February 2026, Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region (PRO CAR) director Brig. Gen. Ericson Dilag reported that ₱364 million worth of cannabis was seized in the region between 1 January and 18 February 2026, across 182 operations. The haul comprised approximately 1.07 million grams of dried leaves, 1.22 million plants, and 35,800 seedlings. For comparison, 130 operations over the same six-week window in 2025 yielded ₱123 million worth of cannabis. Dilag attributed the increase to expanded aerial surveillance, and disclosed that PRO CAR deployed a dedicated 49-operator drone unit in the fourth quarter of 2025. The unit, named the Smart Quadrotor Unit for Advanced Deployment, Detection, Reconnaissance, Observation, and Networked Enforcement (SQUADRONE), was created to locate cultivation sites hidden under dense forest canopy that had previously required hours of foot patrols to reach.
|source=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2184546/p364-m-marijuana-seized-in-cordillera-in-first-6-weeks-of-2026-police
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Cordillera Administrative Region
|admin2=Philippine National Police
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-02-20]]
[[Has event category::Policy]]
[[Has event headline::Cordillera police deploy 49-operator SQUADRONE drone unit as 2026 seizures nearly triple year-on-year]]
[[Has event summary::At a press briefing on 20 February 2026, Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region (PRO CAR) director Brig. Gen. Ericson Dilag reported that ₱364 million worth of cannabis was seized in the region between 1 January and 18 February 2026, across 182 operations. The haul comprised approximately 1.07 million grams of dried leaves, 1.22 million plants, and 35,800 seedlings. For comparison, 130 operations over the same six-week window in 2025 yielded ₱123 million worth of cannabis. Dilag attributed the increase to expanded aerial surveillance, and disclosed that PRO CAR deployed a dedicated 49-operator drone unit in the fourth quarter of 2025. The unit, named the Smart Quadrotor Unit for Advanced Deployment, Detection, Reconnaissance, Observation, and Networked Enforcement (SQUADRONE), was created to locate cultivation sites hidden under dense forest canopy that had previously required hours of foot patrols to reach.]]
[[Has source URL::https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2184546/p364-m-marijuana-seized-in-cordillera-in-first-6-weeks-of-2026-police]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Cordillera Administrative Region]]
</div>

News:2026-04-20/143962

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 19:46:05 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2026-02-20
|category=Policy
|headline=Cordillera police chief flags syndicate involvement in marijuana cultivation; seizures nearly triple year-on-year
|summary=In a press briefing at La Trinidad on 20 February 2026, Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region (PRO CAR) director Brig. Gen. Ericson Dilag said the proliferation of cannabis plantations in the region likely involves multiple syndicates operating with outside financiers who provide capital and purchase the finished product. PRO CAR reported ₱364 million worth of cannabis seized between 1 January and 18 February 2026, nearly triple the ₱123 million seized over the same period in 2025. Dilag said cultivation clusters spanned all six CAR provinces, with processed output typically converted into brick or tubular form for transport to the lowlands, and with the La Union–Ilocos–Benguet tri-boundary serving as a principal exit route, including on foot. Wholesale prices were given as approximately ₱10,000 per kilogram in the region, rising to ₱25,000 per kilogram in other parts of the Philippines. Dilag said police had no information on whether product was being exported. Enforcement has yielded only five arrests over the past year for cultivation and transport. Dilag attributed low arrest rates to the persistence of growers, foliage cover obscuring plots from the air, and remote terrain requiring six-to-eight-hour hikes to access sites.
|source=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2184624/fwd-cordillera-police-eye-syndicates-in-marijuana-proliferation-in-region
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Cordillera Administrative Region
|agency=Philippine National Police
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-02-20]]
[[Has event category::Policy]]
[[Has event headline::Cordillera police chief flags syndicate involvement in marijuana cultivation; seizures nearly triple year-on-year]]
[[Has event summary::In a press briefing at La Trinidad on 20 February 2026, Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region (PRO CAR) director Brig. Gen. Ericson Dilag said the proliferation of cannabis plantations in the region likely involves multiple syndicates operating with outside financiers who provide capital and purchase the finished product. PRO CAR reported ₱364 million worth of cannabis seized between 1 January and 18 February 2026, nearly triple the ₱123 million seized over the same period in 2025. Dilag said cultivation clusters spanned all six CAR provinces, with processed output typically converted into brick or tubular form for transport to the lowlands, and with the La Union–Ilocos–Benguet tri-boundary serving as a principal exit route, including on foot. Wholesale prices were given as approximately ₱10,000 per kilogram in the region, rising to ₱25,000 per kilogram in other parts of the Philippines. Dilag said police had no information on whether product was being exported. Enforcement has yielded only five arrests over the past year for cultivation and transport. Dilag attributed low arrest rates to the persistence of growers, foliage cover obscuring plots from the air, and remote terrain requiring six-to-eight-hour hikes to access sites.]]
[[Has source URL::https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2184624/fwd-cordillera-police-eye-syndicates-in-marijuana-proliferation-in-region]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Cordillera Administrative Region]]
</div>

News:2026-04-20/143961

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 19:41:35 GMT

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{{NewsItem
|date=2026-02-25
|category=Policy
|headline=Benguet police launch 'Oplan Ultimate Grass Cutter' targeting marijuana cultivation
|summary=The Benguet Provincial Police Office announced implementation of "Oplan Ultimate Grass Cutter" on 25 February 2026, a provincial campaign against cannabis cultivation structured around parallel "soft" and "hard" approaches. The hard approach covers eradication, arrest, and prosecution; the soft approach includes revitalised barangay tanod policing, community lectures, CSR activities, and livelihood and education interventions delivered with other government agencies. Initial implementation covers five barangays across three towns: three in Kibungan, one in Bakun, and one in Kapangan. Preparatory anti-drug summits were held in Kibungan, Kapangan, Bakun, Buguias, and Mankayan. Provincial director Col. Lambert Suerte plans to run the programme for at least a year before assessing results, including the possibility of filing charges against barangay officials in jurisdictions repeatedly subject to eradication. According to Benguet PPO spokesperson Maj. Edwin Sergio, the office seized or destroyed 315,693 fully grown plants and seedlings between 16 January and 26 February 2026. Sergio framed the programme as an effort to "erase" Benguet's identity as a source of cannabis.
|source=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2187495/oplan-ultimate-grass-cutter-aims-to-curb-benguets-marijuana-menace
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Benguet
|admin2=Kibungan; Bakun; Kapangan
|agency=Philippine National Police
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-02-25]]
[[Has event category::Policy]]
[[Has event headline::Benguet police launch 'Oplan Ultimate Grass Cutter' targeting marijuana cultivation]]
[[Has event summary::The Benguet Provincial Police Office announced implementation of "Oplan Ultimate Grass Cutter" on 25 February 2026, a provincial campaign against cannabis cultivation structured around parallel "soft" and "hard" approaches. The hard approach covers eradication, arrest, and prosecution; the soft approach includes revitalised barangay tanod policing, community lectures, CSR activities, and livelihood and education interventions delivered with other government agencies. Initial implementation covers five barangays across three towns: three in Kibungan, one in Bakun, and one in Kapangan. Preparatory anti-drug summits were held in Kibungan, Kapangan, Bakun, Buguias, and Mankayan. Provincial director Col. Lambert Suerte plans to run the programme for at least a year before assessing results, including the possibility of filing charges against barangay officials in jurisdictions repeatedly subject to eradication. According to Benguet PPO spokesperson Maj. Edwin Sergio, the office seized or destroyed 315,693 fully grown plants and seedlings between 16 January and 26 February 2026. Sergio framed the programme as an effort to "erase" Benguet's identity as a source of cannabis.]]
[[Has source URL::https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2187495/oplan-ultimate-grass-cutter-aims-to-curb-benguets-marijuana-menace]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Benguet]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Kibungan; Bakun; Kapangan]]
</div>

News:2026-04-20/143960

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 19:34:23 GMT

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{{NewsItem
|date=2026-02-12
|category=Enforcement
|headline=PDEA, Army destroy ₱18.2M marijuana plantations in Kalingalan Caluang, Sulu; seize six high-powered firearms
|summary=A joint law enforcement operation on the afternoon of 12 February 2026 destroyed two cannabis plantations in Barangays Pitogo and Masjid Punjungan, Kalingalan Caluang, Sulu. Authorities uprooted and burned approximately 21,200 fully grown plants across roughly two hectares, with three sacks of dried cannabis leaves also seized. The combined value was reported at ₱18.232 million. Six high-powered firearms, including four M-16 rifles, one M-14 rifle, and a Garand rifle, together with ammunition, were recovered from a makeshift shelter on the farm. The operation was led by the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Region 9 under Director Bryan Bating and drew in nine or more supporting units across the Philippine Army, Marines, Special Action Force, and Sulu police. It was acted on reports from Sulu Governor Abdusakur Tan Jr. and local leaders. The alleged cultivator, identified only by the alias "Mods," and his associates evaded arrest and were being pursued. Brig. Gen. Alaric Avelino Delos Santos of the Army's 1102nd Infantry Brigade described the plantations as evidence of an "organized and well-established illegal cultivation operation" in remote, difficult terrain.
|source=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2181808/p18-2-million-marijuana-plants-destroyed-in-sulu
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Sulu
|admin2=Kalingalan Caluang
|locality=Pitogo; Masjid Punjungan
|coordinates=5.90, 121.31
|agency=Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency; Philippine Army 1102nd Infantry Brigade; Philippine National Police; Special Action Force; Philippine Marine Corps
|hectares=2
|plants=21200
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-02-12]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::PDEA, Army destroy ₱18.2M marijuana plantations in Kalingalan Caluang, Sulu; seize six high-powered firearms]]
[[Has event summary::A joint law enforcement operation on the afternoon of 12 February 2026 destroyed two cannabis plantations in Barangays Pitogo and Masjid Punjungan, Kalingalan Caluang, Sulu. Authorities uprooted and burned approximately 21,200 fully grown plants across roughly two hectares, with three sacks of dried cannabis leaves also seized. The combined value was reported at ₱18.232 million. Six high-powered firearms, including four M-16 rifles, one M-14 rifle, and a Garand rifle, together with ammunition, were recovered from a makeshift shelter on the farm. The operation was led by the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Region 9 under Director Bryan Bating and drew in nine or more supporting units across the Philippine Army, Marines, Special Action Force, and Sulu police. It was acted on reports from Sulu Governor Abdusakur Tan Jr. and local leaders. The alleged cultivator, identified only by the alias "Mods," and his associates evaded arrest and were being pursued. Brig. Gen. Alaric Avelino Delos Santos of the Army's 1102nd Infantry Brigade described the plantations as evidence of an "organized and well-established illegal cultivation operation" in remote, difficult terrain.]]
[[Has source URL::https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2181808/p18-2-million-marijuana-plants-destroyed-in-sulu]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Sulu]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Kalingalan Caluang]]
[[Has locality::Pitogo; Masjid Punjungan]]
[[Has event coordinates::5.90, 121.31]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency; Philippine Army 1102nd Infantry Brigade; Philippine National Police; Special Action Force; Philippine Marine Corps]]
[[Has hectares eradicated::2]]
</div>

News:2026-04-20/143949

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 19:32:28 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2026-03-03
|category=Enforcement
|headline=Army, PDEA destroy two marijuana plantations worth ₱10.3M in Kalingalan Caluang, Sulu
|summary=Joint operatives of the Philippine Army's 1102nd Infantry Brigade, the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Sulu office, and police destroyed two cannabis plantations in Barangay Masjid Punjungan, Kalingalan Caluang, Sulu on 3 March 2026. The first site covered approximately 1,000 square metres with 5,500 fully grown plants; the second covered 2,000 square metres with 6,000 plants, for a combined 11,500 plants across 3,000 square metres with a reported value of ₱10.35 million. Plants were uprooted and burned on site. The PDEA is investigating to identify the cultivators. Brig. Gen. Alaric Avelino Delos Santos, commander of the 1102nd Infantry Brigade, credited inter-agency collaboration. The article notes this was the second destruction in Kalingalan Caluang in 2026; an earlier operation on 13 February 2026 destroyed plantations valued at ₱18.2 million in barangays Masjid Punjungan and Pitogo.
|source=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2190408/p10-3-million-marijuana-plants-uprooted-in-sulu
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Sulu
|admin2=Kalingalan Caluang
|locality=Masjid Punjungan
|coordinates=5.92, 121.29
|agency=Philippine Army 1102nd Infantry Brigade; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency; Philippine National Police
|hectares=0.3
|plants=11500
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-03-03]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::Army, PDEA destroy two marijuana plantations worth ₱10.3M in Kalingalan Caluang, Sulu]]
[[Has event summary::Joint operatives of the Philippine Army's 1102nd Infantry Brigade, the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Sulu office, and police destroyed two cannabis plantations in Barangay Masjid Punjungan, Kalingalan Caluang, Sulu on 3 March 2026. The first site covered approximately 1,000 square metres with 5,500 fully grown plants; the second covered 2,000 square metres with 6,000 plants, for a combined 11,500 plants across 3,000 square metres with a reported value of ₱10.35 million. Plants were uprooted and burned on site. The PDEA is investigating to identify the cultivators. Brig. Gen. Alaric Avelino Delos Santos, commander of the 1102nd Infantry Brigade, credited inter-agency collaboration. The article notes this was the second destruction in Kalingalan Caluang in 2026; an earlier operation on 13 February 2026 destroyed plantations valued at ₱18.2 million in barangays Masjid Punjungan and Pitogo.]]
[[Has source URL::https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2190408/p10-3-million-marijuana-plants-uprooted-in-sulu]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Sulu]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Kalingalan Caluang]]
[[Has locality::Masjid Punjungan]]
[[Has event coordinates::5.92, 121.29]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine Army 1102nd Infantry Brigade; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency; Philippine National Police]]
[[Has hectares eradicated::0.3]]
</div>

News:2026-04-20/143911

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 19:22:39 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2026-04-08
|category=Enforcement
|headline=Police destroy 400 marijuana plants in Sohoton, Badian, Cebu
|summary=Approximately 400 fully grown cannabis plants were uprooted and burned on site during a joint eradication operation in Sitio Lawaan, Barangay Sohoton, Badian, Cebu on the afternoon of 8 April 2026. The plantation was first spotted by the 703rd Major Combat Operation during a preventive patrol in a remote mountainous area, prompting a joint operation involving Badian Municipal Police Station, Dalaguete Municipal Police Station, Regional Intelligence Division 7, and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency. The Dangerous Drugs Board valuation was ₱80,000. Ten stalks were preserved for chemical examination at the Philippine National Police Crime Laboratory. Police identified the alleged cultivator as a 45-year-old farmer resident of Barangay Manlapay, Dalaguete, already in custody from a separate arrest the previous day. Charges under the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 are being prepared.
|source=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/714934/badian-marijuana-plants-worth-%E2%82%B180k-uprooted-burned
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Cebu
|admin2=Badian
|locality=Sohoton
|coordinates=9.89, 123.45
|agency=Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
|plants=400
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-04-08]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::Police destroy 400 marijuana plants in Sohoton, Badian, Cebu]]
[[Has event summary::Approximately 400 fully grown cannabis plants were uprooted and burned on site during a joint eradication operation in Sitio Lawaan, Barangay Sohoton, Badian, Cebu on the afternoon of 8 April 2026. The plantation was first spotted by the 703rd Major Combat Operation during a preventive patrol in a remote mountainous area, prompting a joint operation involving Badian Municipal Police Station, Dalaguete Municipal Police Station, Regional Intelligence Division 7, and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency. The Dangerous Drugs Board valuation was ₱80,000. Ten stalks were preserved for chemical examination at the Philippine National Police Crime Laboratory. Police identified the alleged cultivator as a 45-year-old farmer resident of Barangay Manlapay, Dalaguete, already in custody from a separate arrest the previous day. Charges under the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 are being prepared.]]
[[Has source URL::https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/714934/badian-marijuana-plants-worth-%E2%82%B180k-uprooted-burned]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Cebu]]
[[Has admin subdivision 2::Badian]]
[[Has locality::Sohoton]]
[[Has event coordinates::9.89, 123.45]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine National Police; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency]]
</div>

News:2026-04-20/143946

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 19:18:09 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2026-03-22
|category=Enforcement
|headline=PNP destroys ₱69M worth of marijuana in 24 operations across Benguet
|summary=The Philippine National Police conducted 24 cannabis eradication operations across Benguet from 16 to 22 March 2026, destroying 72,900 fully grown plants, 420 seedlings, and over 454 kilograms of dried leaves, stalks and fruiting tops. The PNP valued the seized material at ₱69.172 million. PNP chief Police General Jose Melencio Nartatez Jr. said operations would continue in "areas used for planting and production" and that the force was also focusing on interdicting distribution networks.
|source=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/980990/pnp-marijuana-operations-benguet/story/
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Benguet
|agency=Philippine National Police
|plants=73320
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-03-22]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::PNP destroys ₱69M worth of marijuana in 24 operations across Benguet]]
[[Has event summary::The Philippine National Police conducted 24 cannabis eradication operations across Benguet from 16 to 22 March 2026, destroying 72,900 fully grown plants, 420 seedlings, and over 454 kilograms of dried leaves, stalks and fruiting tops. The PNP valued the seized material at ₱69.172 million. PNP chief Police General Jose Melencio Nartatez Jr. said operations would continue in "areas used for planting and production" and that the force was also focusing on interdicting distribution networks.]]
[[Has source URL::https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/980990/pnp-marijuana-operations-benguet/story/]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Benguet]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine National Police]]
</div>

News:2026-04-20/143942

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 19:14:48 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2026-03-29
|category=Enforcement
|headline=PNP destroys ₱28.5M worth of marijuana in 24 operations across Benguet and Kalinga
|summary=The Philippine National Police conducted 24 eradication operations in the Cordillera Administrative Region from 23 to 29 March 2026, destroying cannabis with a reported street value of ₱28.5 million. In Benguet, 22 operations uncovered more than 80,000 fully grown plants and over 57 kilograms of dried cannabis valued at nearly ₱23 million. Two operations in Kalinga destroyed 28,000 plants valued at ₱5.6 million. PNP chief Police General Jose Melencio Nartatez Jr. described the campaign as a "non-stop" effort to eradicate cultivation at source and again called for community reporting of suspected plantations.
|source=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/981856/marijuana-pnp-operations-benguet-kalinga/story/
|part_of_campaign=Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)
|country=Phillipines
|admin1=Benguet; Kalinga
|agency=Philippine National Police
|plants=108000
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-03-29]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::PNP destroys ₱28.5M worth of marijuana in 24 operations across Benguet and Kalinga]]
[[Has event summary::The Philippine National Police conducted 24 eradication operations in the Cordillera Administrative Region from 23 to 29 March 2026, destroying cannabis with a reported street value of ₱28.5 million. In Benguet, 22 operations uncovered more than 80,000 fully grown plants and over 57 kilograms of dried cannabis valued at nearly ₱23 million. Two operations in Kalinga destroyed 28,000 plants valued at ₱5.6 million. PNP chief Police General Jose Melencio Nartatez Jr. described the campaign as a "non-stop" effort to eradicate cultivation at source and again called for community reporting of suspected plantations.]]
[[Has source URL::https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/981856/marijuana-pnp-operations-benguet-kalinga/story/]]
[[Has part of campaign::Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]
[[Has country::Phillipines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Benguet; Kalinga]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine National Police]]
</div>

News:2026-04-20/143943

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 19:11:22 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Bot: Add semantic properties

{{NewsItem
|date=2026-04-12
|category=Enforcement
|headline=PNP burns ₱22.8M worth of marijuana in week-long Cordillera operations, arrests one in Benguet
|summary=The Philippine National Police conducted 18 eradication operations across the Cordillera Administrative Region from 6 to 12 April 2026, destroying 71,873 fully grown cannabis plants, 22 seedlings, and approximately 70.6 kilograms of dried stalks, leaves and fruiting tops. The PNP valued the seized material at ₱22.856 million. The majority of plantations were in hard-to-reach areas of Benguet, which accounted for around ₱18 million worth of cannabis, with a further ₱4.8 million worth destroyed in Kalinga. One "high-value suspect" was arrested in Benguet during the week. PNP chief Police General Jose Melencio Nartatez Jr. said the operations targeted cultivation sites at source and called for community reporting of illegal plantations.
|source=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/983629/suspect-pnp-cordillera-marijuana-operations/story/
|part_of_campaign=Phillippines eradication campaigns (2026)
|country=Philippines
|admin1=Benguet; Kalinga
|agency=Philippine National Police
|plants=71895
}}
<div style="display:none;">
[[Has event date::2026-04-12]]
[[Has event category::Enforcement]]
[[Has event headline::PNP burns ₱22.8M worth of marijuana in week-long Cordillera operations, arrests one in Benguet]]
[[Has event summary::The Philippine National Police conducted 18 eradication operations across the Cordillera Administrative Region from 6 to 12 April 2026, destroying 71,873 fully grown cannabis plants, 22 seedlings, and approximately 70.6 kilograms of dried stalks, leaves and fruiting tops. The PNP valued the seized material at ₱22.856 million. The majority of plantations were in hard-to-reach areas of Benguet, which accounted for around ₱18 million worth of cannabis, with a further ₱4.8 million worth destroyed in Kalinga. One "high-value suspect" was arrested in Benguet during the week. PNP chief Police General Jose Melencio Nartatez Jr. said the operations targeted cultivation sites at source and called for community reporting of illegal plantations.]]
[[Has source URL::https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/983629/suspect-pnp-cordillera-marijuana-operations/story/]]
[[Has part of campaign::Phillippines eradication campaigns (2026)]]
[[Has country::Philippines]]
[[Has admin subdivision 1::Benguet; Kalinga]]
[[Has enforcement agency::Philippine National Police]]
</div>

Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 19:08:37 GMT

Eloise Zomia:

{{Short description|2026 hub for cannabis eradication operations in the Philippines}}

'''Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)''' covers cannabis eradication reporting from the [[Philippines]] during 2026. State enforcement activity rose sharply from the previous year. In the first six weeks of 2026, the [[Philippine National Police|Police]] [[Cordillera Administrative Region|Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region]] (PRO CAR) reported destroying cannabis valued at approximately ₱364 million, nearly triple the ₱123 million destroyed in the same window of 2025.<ref name="dilag-feb20-seizures">[[News:2026-02-20/Policy/cordillera-police-deploy-49-operator-squadrone-drone-unit-as-2026-seizures-nearly-triple-year-on-year]].</ref> PRO CAR director Brig. Gen. Ericson Dilag attributed the increase primarily to aerial surveillance following the deployment of the SQUADRONE drone unit in late 2025.<ref name="dilag-feb20-seizures" /> In February alone, Police Regional Office 1 (PRO 1) reported ₱88 million in cannabis eradicated across 191 operations, putting the [[Ilocos Region]] alongside the Cordillera as a main theatre.<ref name="pro1-feb">[[News:2026-02-28/Enforcement/pro-1-destroys-88m-worth-of-marijuana-across-191-ilocos-operations-in-february-2026]].</ref> Reporting clusters in the northern Luzon highland cultivation belt spanning [[Benguet]], [[Kalinga]], [[Mountain Province]], [[Ilocos Sur]] and [[Nueva Vizcaya]], with secondary theatres in [[Sulu]] (Army-led operations), [[Cebu]] and [[Caraga]]. Cultivator arrests run far behind plant destruction across every theatre.

== Map ==

{{EradicationMap|campaign={{PAGENAME}}|title=Philippines cannabis eradication (2026)|height=600px|limit=500}}

== Background ==

2026 Philippine cannabis eradication reporting inherits an operational framework assembled across 2025, centred on PRO CAR and the Cordillera [[Inter-Agency Committee on Anti-Illegal Drugs|Inter-agency Committee on Anti-illegal Drugs]] (ICAD). Three elements of that framework shape how 2026 coverage reads: a PRO CAR leadership transition, the deployment of dedicated aerial surveillance capacity, and a set of named eradication programmes briefed at the mid-2025 ICAD meeting.

'''PRO CAR leadership transition.''' PRO CAR's regional directorship transitioned from Brig. Gen. David Peredo Jr. to Brig. Gen. Ericson Dilag between mid-2025 and February 2026. Peredo's leadership was attested in Cordillera enforcement reporting through at least July 2025;{{citation needed|reason=Peredo's tenure documented in 2025 ICAD Q2 briefing coverage; corresponding news item not yet deployed to wiki. Will resolve once 2025 hub is live.}} Dilag held the post at the 20 February 2026 press briefings.<ref name="dilag-feb20-syndicate">[[News:2026-02-20/Policy/cordillera-police-chief-flags-syndicate-involvement-in-marijuana-cultivation-seizures-nearly-triple-year-on-ye]].</ref><ref name="dilag-feb20-seizures" />

'''SQUADRONE drone unit.''' In the fourth quarter of 2025, PRO CAR deployed a 49-operator drone unit designated the Smart Quadrotor Unit for Advanced Deployment, Detection, Reconnaissance, Observation and Networked Enforcement (SQUADRONE). The unit provides aerial surveillance for cultivation-site identification across CAR's mountainous terrain. According to Dilag, the deployment accounts for most of the year-on-year increase in seizure values reported for early 2026.<ref name="dilag-feb20-seizures" />

'''Named eradication programmes.''' A 1 July 2025 briefing by the Cordillera ICAD named four then-active PRO CAR programmes, most of which continue to underlie 2026 reporting:<ref>ICAD Cordillera Q2 2025 press briefing, 1 July 2025; covered in detail on the [[Philippines eradication campaigns (2025)]] hub.</ref>

* '''Oplan Binnadang Gabot''' (Benguet PPO): year-long programme across [[Kibungan]], [[Kapangan]] and [[Bakun]]. Named for the Cordilleran cooperative-labour concept ''binnadang''. Operationally continuous with Oplan Ultimate Grasscutter, which succeeded it in February 2026 and is described in the CAR regional summary below.
* '''Oplan Marso''' (Benguet PPO): March-only, dry-season aerial-and-ground surveillance programme. Underlies the annual March spike in CAR reporting.
* '''Oplan Charlie Weed''' (Kalinga PPO): year-round surveillance and eradication focused on [[Tinglayan]] and other remote barangays.
* '''Oplan Ganja 2''' (Kalinga PPO): rapid land-navigation entry tactic.

These four programmes and the ICAD briefing are detailed on the [[Philippines eradication campaigns (2025)]] hub.

== Regional summaries ==

=== Luzon — Cordillera Administrative Region ===

The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) is the most heavily reported area of Philippine cannabis eradication activity in 2026. Operations are concentrated in [[Benguet]] and [[Kalinga]], with additional reporting from [[Mountain Province]] and [[Baguio|Baguio City]]. Reporting typically takes the form of weekly roll-ups issued by PRO CAR in [[La Trinidad, Benguet|La Trinidad]]. Individual operations often surface only at aggregate level.

Sites in the region are small and scattered, usually at elevations requiring several hours of foot access. Dilag, in the 20 February 2026 briefing, described the plots as covered by foliage rather than "plantation na ekta-ektarya" (hectares-wide plantations) and attributed low arrest rates to the persistence of growers and the six-to-eight-hour hikes needed to reach them.<ref name="dilag-feb20-syndicate" /> At the same briefing, Dilag framed the trade as syndicate-driven, with outside financiers providing capital and purchasing processed output converted to brick or tubular form for transport via exit routes at the tri-boundary of [[La Union]], [[Ilocos Sur|Ilocos]] and Benguet. Wholesale prices were given as approximately ₱10,000 per kilogram in the region, rising to ₱25,000 per kilogram in other parts of the country.<ref name="dilag-feb20-syndicate" />

In February 2026, the Benguet Provincial Police Office launched '''Oplan Ultimate Grasscutter''', a Benguet-specific programme pairing eradication ("hard approach") with community engagement and livelihood interventions ("soft approach"). Initial implementation targets five barangays across [[Bakun]], [[Kapangan]] and [[Kibungan]]. Provincial director Col. Lambert Suerte has signalled possible future charges against barangay officials in areas repeatedly subject to eradication.<ref>[[News:2026-02-25/Policy/benguet-police-launch-oplan-ultimate-grass-cutter-targeting-marijuana-cultivation]].</ref> Ultimate Grasscutter is operationally continuous with the 2025-era Oplan Binnadang Gabot described in the Background section above: same provinces, same year-long structure, same multisectoral framing. Early April 2026 operations under the programme destroyed 6,300 plants across 11 sites in Bakun, Kapangan and Kibungan.<ref>[[News:2026-04-19/Enforcement/oplan-ultimate-grasscutter-destroys-6-300-marijuana-plants-across-11-sites-in-bakun-kapangan-kibungan]].</ref>

Across 2026 CAR reporting, plant destruction runs far ahead of cultivator arrest. Dilag reported only five cultivation or transport arrests across PRO CAR's prior year of operations,<ref name="dilag-feb20-syndicate" /> and the 33 eradication operations conducted from 9 to 15 March 2026 yielded no arrests from the eradication component itself.<ref>[[News:2026-03-15/Enforcement/cordillera-police-destroy-89-240-marijuana-plants-in-33-operations-9-15-march-15-arrested-in-parallel-drug-ops]].</ref> [[Tinglayan]] municipality in southern Kalinga (particularly barangay Loccong and the boundary with [[Sadanga]], Mountain Province) has appeared most often in 2026 CAR reporting, with 159,100 plants destroyed in 20 Tinglayan operations over the 2025–2026 holiday season alone.<ref>[[News:2026-01-09/Enforcement/kalinga-police-destroy-159-100-marijuana-plants-across-20-operations-in-tinglayan-during-holiday-enforcement-c]]; [[News:2026-01-13/Enforcement/authorities-destroy-16-3m-worth-of-marijuana-plants-in-tinglayan-kalinga]]; [[News:2026-04-19/Enforcement/police-destroy-6-000-marijuana-plants-in-loccong-tinglayan]]; [[News:2026-04-19/Enforcement/police-destroy-60-000-marijuana-plants-along-sadanga-tinglayan-boundary]].</ref>

CAR cultivation is continuous across administrative boundaries with adjacent highland provinces. The [[Sugpon]], Ilocos Sur / [[Kibungan]], Benguet boundary zone (Barangays Licungan and Tacadang) has been repeatedly targeted in joint operations through 2026 and is covered in the Region I section below.<ref name="sugpon-kibungan-jan">[[News:2026-01-30/Enforcement/pdea-destroys-48-9m-worth-of-marijuana-in-four-day-sugpon-kibungan-boundary-campaign]].</ref> Similar continuity extends eastward into [[Nueva Vizcaya]] via the Carao highland corridor.

=== Luzon — Region I (Ilocos) ===

Police Regional Office 1 reported 191 anti-illegal drug operations across the Ilocos region in February 2026, with cannabis eradication accounting for ₱88 million of a ₱94.2 million total. The bulk of operations were in [[Pangasinan]] and [[Ilocos Sur]].<ref name="pro1-feb" /> Region I reporting is dominated by sustained activity in [[Sugpon]], Ilocos Sur, particularly Barangay Licungan, which sits on a long-disputed boundary with Barangay Tacadang in [[Kibungan]], Benguet. Operations in this boundary zone have repeatedly destroyed substantial cultivation, with material returning between operations.<ref name="sugpon-kibungan-jan" />

Region I cultivation is continuous with CAR cultivation across the [[Amburayan River|Amburayan watershed]] and adjacent highland terrain, and cultivators appear to use the Sugpon–Kibungan boundary to shift across jurisdictions when one side's enforcement arrives.<ref name="sugpon-kibungan-jan" /> [[Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency|PDEA]] Region 1 is a major operational lead alongside the Ilocos Sur Provincial Police Office. Regional Director leadership transitioned from Atty. Benjamin Gaspi (active January 2026) to Julius Paredes (active March 2026).{{citation needed|reason=Transition date range inferred from bylines on Jan 2026 and Mar 2026 PDEA Region 1 statements; no single source confirms the handover date.}}

=== Luzon — Cagayan Valley ===

In 2026, reporting surfaced a distinct cultivation cluster outside CAR, in the adjacent [[Cagayan Valley]] region (Region II). The focus to date has been Barangay Kimbutan, [[Dupax del Sur]], [[Nueva Vizcaya]], where two operations within one week destroyed cannabis reported at a combined ₱32.9 million.<ref>[[News:2026-03-17/Enforcement/police-destroy-20m-marijuana-plantation-in-kimbutan-dupax-del-sur-10-311-plants-uprooted]]; [[News:2026-03-23/Enforcement/three-marijuana-plantations-raided-in-kimbutan-dupax-del-sur-12-9m-destroyed]].</ref>

State reporting describes Kimbutan cultivation differently from CAR cultivation. Dupax del Sur police chief Maj. Anthony Ayungo described sites in the barangay as showing "systematic and methodical planting" with fertilizer use and a "well-developed water system" for irrigation. The initial 17 March 2026 site (a 1,200-square-metre plot with 10,311 plants in Sitio Gunot) was accessed only after an approximately four-hour mountain trek.<ref>[[News:2026-03-23/Enforcement/three-marijuana-plantations-raided-in-kimbutan-dupax-del-sur-12-9m-destroyed]].</ref> The language of infrastructure and organisation recurs across reporting on Kimbutan, contrasting with CAR's dispersed-hidden-plot framing.

Dupax del Sur has been culturally and geographically connected to Benguet since the eighteenth century, with Carao settlers from Benguet among the earliest tribal inhabitants alongside the [[Isinai people|Isinai]].{{citation needed}} Current reporting does not establish whether the Kimbutan cultivation is an extension of CAR patterns, a distinct tradition or externally introduced.

=== Visayas — Cebu ===

Visayan cannabis enforcement reporting in 2026 is limited to a single operation at Barangay Sohoton, [[Badian]], [[Cebu]] on 8 April 2026, in which approximately 400 plants were uprooted and burned. The operation was joint across Badian Municipal Police Station, [[Dalaguete]] Municipal Police Station, Regional Intelligence Division 7 and the [[Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency]]. The alleged cultivator, a 45-year-old farmer from neighbouring Barangay Manlapay in Dalaguete, was already in police custody on a separate offence at the time of the raid.<ref>[[News:2026-04-08/Enforcement/police-destroy-400-marijuana-plants-in-sohoton-badian-cebu]].</ref> The scale is an order of magnitude smaller than northern Luzon or Sulu operations.

=== Mindanao — Sulu ===

Sulu reporting in 2026 is concentrated on [[Kalingalan Caluang]] municipality, specifically the adjacent barangays of Masjid Punjungan and Pitogo, with two major operations to date: 12 February 2026 (21,200 plants, ₱18.2 million)<ref name="sulu-feb12">[[News:2026-02-12/Enforcement/pdea-army-destroy-18-2m-marijuana-plantations-in-kalingalan-caluang-sulu-seize-six-high-powered-firearms]].</ref> and 3 March 2026 (11,500 plants across two plots totalling 3,000 square metres, ₱10.35 million).<ref>[[News:2026-03-03/Enforcement/army-pdea-destroy-two-marijuana-plantations-worth-10-3m-in-kalingalan-caluang-sulu]].</ref>

Sulu reporting differs structurally from northern Luzon reporting. Operations are led by the [[Philippine Army]]'s 1102nd Infantry Brigade (Brig. Gen. Alaric Avelino Delos Santos) under the 11th Infantry Division (Maj. Gen. Leonardo Peña), not by police, with PDEA Region 9, [[Philippine Marine Corps|Marines]], [[Special Action Force]] units and provincial police participating. The 12 February raid also recovered six high-powered firearms from a makeshift shelter on the farm (four [[M16 rifle|M-16 rifles]], one [[M14 rifle|M-14]] and a [[M1 Garand|Garand]]), implying armed protection of the cultivation.<ref name="sulu-feb12" /> The alleged cultivator, identified only as "Mods," and his associates evaded arrest at both operations and remained at large. Delos Santos characterised the plantations as evidence of an "organized and well-established illegal cultivation operation," a framing applied consistently across both ops.<ref name="sulu-feb12" />

Current reporting does not settle whether Sulu cannabis cultivation is genuinely distinct (larger-scale, organised, armed, externally managed) or whether the framing reflects the militarised security posture of Philippine state operations in the [[Sulu Archipelago]] more broadly.

=== Mindanao — Caraga ===

A 17 April 2026 operation by the [[Agusan del Sur]] Police Provincial Office at Sitio Bagtok, Barangay Kasapa 1, [[Loreto, Agusan del Sur|Loreto]] destroyed 11,000 mature cannabis plants and 300 seedlings across an approximately 15,000-square-metre site.<ref name="caraga-apr17">[[News:2026-04-17/Enforcement/police-destroy-2-2m-marijuana-plantation-in-loreto-agusan-del-sur]].</ref> The site is roughly an order of magnitude larger than typical CAR plots and at lower planting density (~0.75 plants/sqm vs. CAR's ~4 plants/sqm). The pattern looks closer to traditional Philippine upland swidden ([[kaingin]]) agriculture than to the intensive terraced smallholder cultivation of Cordillera.{{citation needed|reason=Comparison to kaingin agriculture is editorial synthesis; no source in current reporting makes this characterisation explicitly.}} ADSPPO Director Col. Yahya Bustamante Yusup framed the alleged cultivator (identified only by alias "Gusion") as a "local farmer," a lighter rhetorical register than the syndicate framing of Cordillera reporting or the organised-cultivation framing of Sulu and Nueva Vizcaya.<ref name="caraga-apr17" /> This is the first 2026 reporting from mainland [[Mindanao]] outside the Sulu archipelago.

== Timeline ==

{{#ask: [[Category:News Item]][[Has part of campaign::{{PAGENAME}}]]
|?Has event date=Date
|?Has event category=Category
|?Has event headline=Event
|?Has admin subdivision 1=Area
|?Has locality=Locality
|sort=Has event date
|order=desc
|format=broadtable
|limit=500
|default=No events logged yet.
}}

== Agencies ==

; [[Philippine National Police]] (PNP)
: Primary agency in CAR, Region I, Cagayan Valley, Visayas and Caraga reporting. Relevant sub-units include the Police Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region (PRO CAR; under Regional Director Brig. Gen. Ericson Dilag), Police Regional Office 1 (PRO 1; under Regional Director Brig. Gen. Dindo Reyes), the Benguet Provincial Police Office (under Col. Lambert Suerte), the Kalinga Provincial Police Office, the Ilocos Sur Provincial Police Office, the Agusan del Sur Provincial Police Office, municipal stations in affected localities, Regional Intelligence Divisions, Provincial Mobile Force Companies and the PRO CAR SQUADRONE drone unit.
; [[Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency]] (PDEA)
: Co-participant in most operations. Operational lead in Sulu (PDEA Region 9 under Director Bryan Bating) and in several Region I campaigns (PDEA Region 1; leadership transitioned from Atty. Benjamin Gaspi to Julius Paredes between January and March 2026). Witness-observer in Nueva Vizcaya operations.
; [[Philippine Army]]
: Operational lead in Sulu through the 1102nd Infantry Brigade (11th Infantry Division), supported by 101st Infantry Battalion and 2nd Infantry Regiment.
; [[Philippine Marine Corps]]
: 11th Marine Battalion Landing Team (Sulu).
; [[Special Action Force]]
: 54th Special Action Company (Sulu).

== See also ==

* [[Philippines eradication campaigns (2025)]]
* [[Portal:Current Events]]
* [[Landrace.Wiki:Norms]]


== References ==

Additional per-event sources are listed on each news item linked from the timeline above.

<references />

{{#set:
|Has event status=Ongoing
|Has event type=Eradication campaign
}}

[[Category:Ongoing Event]]

Southern Laos

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 08:09:53 GMT

Eloise Zomia:

{{Infobox Growing Region
|region_name = Southern Laos
|image = Don-det-drone01.jpg
|image_alt = Looking over Don Det island towards the Annamites
|image_caption = Looking over the Mekong in Southern Laos
|show_map = yes
|gene_pool = Lao-Isan Gene Pool
|regional_complex = Mekong Basin
|country = Laos
|provinces =
|elevation_range =
|climate =
|primary_river =
|primary_mountains = Annamite Range, Bolaven Plateau
|area_extent =
|status =
|coordinates =
|description = Southern Laos landrace cannabis growing region
}}

'''Southern Laos'''
Southern Laos is one of the main geographic divisions within Laos, here defined as a landrace cannabis growing region stretching from Vientiane across and south to Champasak

== Geography ==

== Climate ==

== Demography ==

== Culture ==

== Cultivation History ==

== Genetics ==
No data at present, further research needed.

== Growing Areas ==
{{#ask:
[[Category:Growing Areas]]
[[Has growing region::{{PAGENAME}}]]
|mainlabel=Growing Area
|format=table
|default=No growing areas documented yet.
}}

== Accessions ==
{{#ask:
[[Category:Accessions]]
[[Has growing region::{{PAGENAME}}]]
|?Has descriptive name=Name
|?Has conservation priority=Priority
|?Has collection date=Collected
|?Has locality=Locality
|mainlabel=Accession ID
|format=table
|class=wikitable sortable
|sort=Has collection date
|order=desc
|default=No accessions documented yet.
}}

== Botanical Characteristics ==
=== Regional Traits ===
=== Geographic Variation ===

== Cultivation Practices ==
=== Traditional Methods ===
=== Modern Methods ===

== Conservation Status ==
=== Threats to Landrace Populations ===
=== Conservation Efforts ===

== Chemical Profile ==
=== Cannabinoid Content ===

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">
File:Northern-Laos-River-View.jpg|Nong Khiaw village on the Nam Ou river, Northern Laos
</gallery>

== See Also ==
* [[Champasak]]
* [[Lao-Isan Gene Pool]]
* [[Growing regions]]
* [[Laos]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Southeast Asian Growing Regions]]

Southern Thailand

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 07:54:01 GMT

Eloise Zomia:

{{Infobox Growing Region
|region_name = Southern Thailand
|other_name =
|image = Khun-PhangDrone01.jpg
|image_alt = Khun Phang Valley, as seen by drone. Photographed by Eloise in February 2023
|image_caption = Khun Phang Valley, as seen by drone
|show_map = yes
|gene_pool = Tenasserim Gene Pool
|regional_complex = Malay Peninsula
|country = Thailand
|provinces = Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Sri Thammarat
|elevation_range =
|climate =
|primary_river = Tapi, Pak Phanang
|primary_mountains = Tenasserim Hills
|area_extent =
|status =
|coordinates =
|description =
}}

'''Southern Thailand''' is one of the main geographic divisions within Thailand, here defined as a landrace cannabis growing region covering the [[Malay peninsula]] in Thailand and centered around the [[Tenasserim Hills]].

== Geography ==

== Climate ==

== Demography ==

== Culture ==

== Cultivation History ==

== Genetics ==
No data at present, further research needed.

== Growing Areas ==
{{#ask:
[[Category:Growing Areas]]
[[Has growing region::{{PAGENAME}}]]
|mainlabel=Growing Area
|format=table
|default=No growing areas documented yet.
}}

== Accessions ==
{{#ask:
[[Category:Accessions]]
[[Has growing region::{{PAGENAME}}]]
|?Has descriptive name=Name
|?Has conservation priority=Priority
|?Has collection date=Collected
|?Has growing area=Growing Area
|?Has locality=Locality
|mainlabel=Accession ID
|format=table
|class=wikitable sortable
|sort=Has collection date
|order=desc
|default=
}}

== Botanical Characteristics ==
=== Regional Traits ===
=== Geographic Variation ===

== Cultivation Practices ==
=== Traditional Methods ===
=== Modern Methods ===

== Conservation Status ==
=== Threats to Landrace Populations ===
=== Conservation Efforts ===

== Chemical Profile ==
=== Cannabinoid Content ===

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">
</gallery>

== See Also ==
* [[Tha Sala]]
* [[Tenasserim Gene Pool]]
* [[Growing regions]]
* [[Thailand]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Southeast Asian Growing Regions]]

Phu Phan

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 07:42:34 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Created page with "{{Growing Area |area_name = Phu Phan |other_names = Phu Phan Mountains, Phu Phan Hills |image = Phu-phan.jpg |image_alt = |image_caption = |show_map = yes |gene_pool = |regional_complex = Mekong Basin |growing_region = Northeastern Thailand |country = Thailand |provinces = Sakhon Nakhon |admin_2 = Phu Phan District |admin_2_label = District |coordinates = |elevation_range = |terrain = |climate = |rainfall = |seasons = |status = |description = }} '''Phu Phan''', ot..."

{{Growing Area
|area_name = Phu Phan
|other_names = Phu Phan Mountains, Phu Phan Hills
|image = Phu-phan.jpg
|image_alt =
|image_caption =
|show_map = yes
|gene_pool =
|regional_complex = Mekong Basin
|growing_region = Northeastern Thailand
|country = Thailand
|provinces = Sakhon Nakhon
|admin_2 = Phu Phan District
|admin_2_label = District
|coordinates =
|elevation_range =
|terrain =
|climate =
|rainfall =
|seasons =
|status =
|description =
}}

'''Phu Phan''', otherwise known in english as 'the Phu Phan mountains' is a growing area within the [[Northeastern Thailand]] growing region, located in [[Phu Phan District]], [[Sakhon Nakhon Province]], [[India]]. The district contains several of the most famous cannabis cultivation zones in the region, including [[Ban Nan Toeng]] and [[Kut Bak]].

== Geography ==

== Climate ==

== Demography ==

== Culture ==

== Traditional Cultivation ==
=== Planting Season ===
=== Harvest ===
=== Processing ===

== Appellations ==
{{#ask:
[[Category:Appellations]]
[[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]]
|?Has conservation status=Status
|mainlabel=Appellation
|format=table
|class=wikitable sortable
|default=No appellations documented yet.
}}

== Accessions ==
{{#ask:
[[Category:Accessions]]
[[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]]
|?Has descriptive name=Name
|?Has conservation priority=Priority
|?Has collection date=Collected
|?Has locality=Locality
|mainlabel=Accession ID
|format=table
|class=wikitable sortable
|sort=Has collection date
|order=desc
|default=No accessions documented yet.
}}

=== By Conservation Priority ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Priority !! Count
|-
| Critical || {{#ask:[[Category:Accessions]][[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]][[Has conservation priority::Critical]]|format=count}}
|-
| High || {{#ask:[[Category:Accessions]][[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]][[Has conservation priority::High]]|format=count}}
|-
| Medium || {{#ask:[[Category:Accessions]][[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]][[Has conservation priority::Medium]]|format=count}}
|-
| Low || {{#ask:[[Category:Accessions]][[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]][[Has conservation priority::Low]]|format=count}}
|}

== Conservation Status ==

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">
</gallery>

== See Also ==
*

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

Malana Valley

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 07:14:03 GMT

Eloise Zomia: Created page with "{{Growing Area |area_name = Malana Valley |other_names = |image = Atolang-view.jpg |image_caption = Looking down from Atolang towards Malana |show_map = yes |gene_pool = South Asian Gene Pool |regional_complex = Himalayas |growing_region = Western Himalayas |country = India |provinces = Himachal Pradesh |admin_2 = Kullu |admin_2_label = District |coordinates = |elevation_range = |terrain = Himalayan river valley and montane slopes |climate = Temperate montane |rainfall..."

{{Growing Area
|area_name = Malana Valley
|other_names =
|image = Atolang-view.jpg
|image_caption = Looking down from Atolang towards Malana
|show_map = yes
|gene_pool = South Asian Gene Pool
|regional_complex = Himalayas
|growing_region = Western Himalayas
|country = India
|provinces = Himachal Pradesh
|admin_2 = Kullu
|admin_2_label = District
|coordinates =
|elevation_range =
|terrain = Himalayan river valley and montane slopes
|climate = Temperate montane
|rainfall =
|seasons = Monsoon (Jun–Sep), Winter (Dec–Feb)
|status =
|description =
}}

'''Malana Valley''' is a growing area within the [[Western Himalayas]] growing region, located in [[Kullu District]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]]. The district contains several of the most famous cannabis cultivation zones in the region, including [[Malana Village]] and [[Waichin]].

== Geography ==

== Climate ==

== Demography ==

== Culture ==

== Traditional Cultivation ==
=== Planting Season ===
=== Harvest ===
=== Processing ===

== Appellations ==
{{#ask:
[[Category:Appellations]]
[[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]]
|?Has conservation status=Status
|mainlabel=Appellation
|format=table
|class=wikitable sortable
|default=No appellations documented yet.
}}

== Accessions ==
{{#ask:
[[Category:Accessions]]
[[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]]
|?Has descriptive name=Name
|?Has conservation priority=Priority
|?Has collection date=Collected
|?Has locality=Locality
|mainlabel=Accession ID
|format=table
|class=wikitable sortable
|sort=Has collection date
|order=desc
|default=No accessions documented yet.
}}

=== By Conservation Priority ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Priority !! Count
|-
| Critical || {{#ask:[[Category:Accessions]][[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]][[Has conservation priority::Critical]]|format=count}}
|-
| High || {{#ask:[[Category:Accessions]][[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]][[Has conservation priority::High]]|format=count}}
|-
| Medium || {{#ask:[[Category:Accessions]][[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]][[Has conservation priority::Medium]]|format=count}}
|-
| Low || {{#ask:[[Category:Accessions]][[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]][[Has conservation priority::Low]]|format=count}}
|}

== Conservation Status ==

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">
</gallery>

== See Also ==
* [[Kullu District]]
* [[Himachal Pradesh]]
* [[India]]
* [[Western Himalayas]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

Parvati Valley

Eloise Zomia — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 07:01:40 GMT

Eloise Zomia:

{{Growing Area
|area_name = Parvati Valley
|other_names = Parvati Valley, Manikaran Valley
|image = rasol-vairam-view.jpg
|image_caption = Looking from Rasol up towards Vairam
|show_map = yes
|gene_pool = South Asian Gene Pool
|regional_complex = Himalayas
|growing_region = Western Himalayas
|country = India
|provinces = Himachal Pradesh
|admin_2 = Kullu
|admin_2_label = District
|coordinates =
|elevation_range =
|terrain = Himalayan river valley and montane slopes
|climate = Temperate montane
|rainfall =
|seasons = Monsoon (Jun–Sep), Winter (Dec–Feb)
|status =
|description =
}}

'''Parvati Valley''' is a growing area within the [[Western Himalayas]] growing region, located in [[Kullu District]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]]. The district contains several of the most famous cannabis cultivation zones in the region, including [[Rasol]] and [[Tosh]].

== Geography ==

== Climate ==

== Demography ==

== Culture ==

== Traditional Cultivation ==
=== Planting Season ===
=== Harvest ===
=== Processing ===

== Appellations ==
{{#ask:
[[Category:Appellations]]
[[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]]
|?Has conservation status=Status
|mainlabel=Appellation
|format=table
|class=wikitable sortable
|default=No appellations documented yet.
}}

== Accessions ==
{{#ask:
[[Category:Accessions]]
[[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]]
|?Has descriptive name=Name
|?Has conservation priority=Priority
|?Has collection date=Collected
|?Has locality=Locality
|mainlabel=Accession ID
|format=table
|class=wikitable sortable
|sort=Has collection date
|order=desc
|default=No accessions documented yet.
}}

=== By Conservation Priority ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Priority !! Count
|-
| Critical || {{#ask:[[Category:Accessions]][[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]][[Has conservation priority::Critical]]|format=count}}
|-
| High || {{#ask:[[Category:Accessions]][[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]][[Has conservation priority::High]]|format=count}}
|-
| Medium || {{#ask:[[Category:Accessions]][[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]][[Has conservation priority::Medium]]|format=count}}
|-
| Low || {{#ask:[[Category:Accessions]][[Has growing area::{{PAGENAME}}]][[Has conservation priority::Low]]|format=count}}
|}

== Conservation Status ==

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">
</gallery>

== See Also ==
* [[Kullu District]]
* [[Himachal Pradesh]]
* [[India]]
* [[Western Himalayas]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

Landrace.Wiki - The Landrace Cannabis Wiki - New pages [en-gb]

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Genetic traits

Chemotype

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Glossary

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Johar Valley

Research Tools

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Philippines eradication campaigns (2026)

Southern Laos

Southern Thailand

Phu Phan

Malana Valley

Parvati Valley